Chapter 4: Creating a Positive Work Environment
• Employee Expectations and
Needs • Motivation • Theories of Motivation • Applying Theory to Reality:
Limiting Factors
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• Building a Positive Work Climate • Focus: The Individual • Focus: The Job • Focus: The Supervisor
Employee Expectations and Needs:
• Technical competence. • Act like a boss (make decisions,
take stands, stay in charge). • Be fair, treat them equally. • Feedback on performance (and for
you to listen).
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• New supervisor to observe them resist change to work customs. • Treat the like human beings, know who they are, what they do, how well they do it.
Motivation:
• Motivation is what makes
people tick: the needs, desires, fear, and aspirations within that makes you do what you do. It is the why in human behavior.
• Motivation comes from
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within, You cannot motivate people to do good work, but by getting to know your employees you can activate their own motivations.
Theories of Motivation
• Motivation Though Fear: uses coercion, threats, and punishment.
• CarrotandStick: combines
fear with incentives.
• Economic Man (person):
Frederic Taylor money is the only thing that people work for.
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• Human Relations Theory: If workers are treated as people they will get the job done.
Selfactualization: the desire to fulfill one’s own potential
Self Fulfillmen t Ego needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theories of Motivation Continued:
• Theory Y(McGregor): If you get
people to work that will fill a basic need: Their own motivation will take care of performance.
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• Behavior Modification: All behavior is a function of its consequences. To improves performance give positive reinforcement (attention, praise).
Theories of Motivation Continued:
• Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory: Inadequacies in the job environment create dissatisfaction (called dissatisfiers), hygiene or maintenance factors. Certain factors in the job itself provide motivation and satisfaction (motivators).
• Hygiene factors are compensation,
supervision, working conditions, and company policy.
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• Motivators are recognition, responsibility, achievement, advancement, and work itself.
Applying Theory to Reality: Limiting Factors • Nature of many jobs: dull, unchallenging,
and boring.
• Company policy, administration, and
management philosophy. You must be in harmony with the companies goals, and meet with rules and regulations.
• Extent of your responsibility, authority,
and resources.
• Kinds of people that work for you ( I am
only working here until…). • Development of employees. • Time. • Constant pressures.
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Building a Positive Work Climate
• Morale: a group spirit with
respect to getting the job done. • Morale is made up of individual attitudes toward the work that pass quickly from one person to another until everyone in the group shares the mood.
• High morale is the best thing that
can happen in a enterprise.
• To build a positive work climate focus on: the individual, the job and the supervisor. 9
Focus: The Individual
• Get to know your people. • Deal with security needs: inform, train, structure the work, support, give positive reinforcement, evaluate, praise, build confidence.
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• Deal with social needs: satisfy the need for acceptance make people feel comfortable, coach them, encourage them, get them on your side.
Reward You Employees
• Give recognition in a positive manner. • Don’t pit employees against each other
in a contest.
• Recognize all employees not just top
performers.
• Use an objective criterion to give
rewards.
• Recognize employees in a timely
manner.
• Occasionally reward when it is least
expected.
• Tie award to true accomplishments. • Make rewards of appropriate value. • Rewards should be something desired
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by employees.
•
Focus: The Individual Continued
• Develop you workers
through training, feedback, encouragement, support, positive reinforcement, and involving them.
• Empower your employees
give them additional responsibility, and authority.
• Continue to develop
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yourself.
Focus: The Job
• Provide an attractive, safe, and secure job environment.
• Put the right person in the
right job.
• Make the job interesting and
challenging.
• Delegate. • Rearrange work to add
responsibility, challenges, etc.
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• Arrange team responsibility for an entire unit of work.
Job Loading vs. Job Enrichment
• Job Enrichment: shifting the way things are done to provide more responsibility for one’s work and more opportunity for achievement and recognition.
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• Job Loading: Building in job motivators to enrich jobs. This does not mean additional, but similar tasks.
Focus: The Supervisor
• The supervisor holds the
key to a good work climate.
• Employees can be
motivated though the supervisors enthusiasm and expectations. • Establish a climate of
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honesty.
Set a Good Example
• Role Model you set a example that your workers will copy. • Management By
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Example If you want a fair days work from employees give a fair days work to them.

