Lectures "Applied statistics for business - Chapter 2: Tabular and graphical presentations" provides students with the knowledge: Summarising data for a categorical variable, summarising data for a quantitative variable, summarising data for two variables using tables,... Invite you to refer to the disclosures.
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Nội dung Text: Lectures Applied statistics for business: Chapter 2 - ThS. Nguyễn Tiến Dũng
- Chapter 2
TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONS
MBA Nguyen Tien Dung
School of Economics and Management
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/nguyentiendungbkhn
Email: dung.nguyentien3@hust.edu.vn
- Main Contents
2.1 Summarising Data for a Categorical
Variable
2.2 Summarising Data for a Quantitative
Variable
2.3 Summarising Data for Two Variables Using
Tables
2.4 Summarising Data for Two Variables Using
Graph Displays
2.5 Data Visualisation: Best Practices In
Creating Effective
© Nguyễn Tiến Dũng Applied Statistics for Business 2
- 2.1 SUMMARISING DATA FOR A CATEGORICAL
VARIABLE
● Frequency Distribution
● Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency
● Bar Charts and Pie Charts
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- Frequency Distribution Table
● A tabular summary of
data showing the
number (frequency) of
items in each of several
nonoverlapping classes.
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- Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency
Distributions
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- Bar Chart and Pie Chart
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- 2.2 SUMMARISING DATA FOR A QUANTITATIVE
VARIABLE
● Frequency Distribution
● Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency
Distributions
● Dot Plot
● Histogram
● Cumulative Distributions
● Stem-and-Leaf Display
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- Frequency Distribution
● Number of
nonoverlapping
classes
● By a formula
● On purpose: 3-20
● Width of each class
● The class lower and
upper limits
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- ● Step 1: Determining the number of classes
● Xmin = 12; Xmax = 33 Max – Min = 33 – 12 = 21.
● Select: k = 4; or k = 5 Textbook: k = 5
● Step 2: Determining the class width
● Normally: w = (Max – Min)/ k
● Here, textbook: Min (the lower bound of the first class)
= 10; Max = 35 w = (35-10)/5 = 5
● Step 3: Allocating the observed data into classes
● Sorting the data set in the ascending order
● Allocating
● Step 4: Establishing the frequency table
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- Principles of allocating the data points into classes
● No overlapping cases: one observation must
belong to only one class
● If an observation belongs to the upper bound
of one class, put it into the next class
● Class 1: 10 – 15 days
● Class 2: 15 – 20 days
● X3 = 15 -> Class 2
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- Open-ended classes
● An example: ● Audit days:
Working years ● Less than 15
for a company ● 15-19
● Less than 1 ● 20-29
years ● 29-34
● 1 – 3 years ● 35 and more
● 3 – 5 years
● More than 5
years
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- Dot Plot
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- Histogram = Frequency Distribution Chart
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- Different Levels of Skewness
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- Cumulative Distributions
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- Ogive = Cumulative Frequency Chart
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- 2.3 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS: THE STEM-
AND-LEAF DISPLAY
● Number of
questions
answered
correctly on an
aptitude test
● N = 150
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- Stem and Leaf Diagram
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- 2.4 CROSSTABULATIONS AND SCATTERED
DIAGRAMS
● Crosstabulation
● Simpson’s Paradox
● Scatter Diagram and Trendline
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