Thực trạng và một số yếu tố liên quan tới trầm cảm ở học sinh cuối cấp trung học cơ sở tại Thành phố Hà Nội

Depression among adolescents represents a significant and growing global public health concern, with substantial implications for individual well-being and societal development. The World Health Organization identifies mental health issues, including depression, as a leading cause of disability worldwide, with a rising trend observed in the adolescent population. In Vietnam, a country with a high density of educational institutions, particularly in major cities like Hanoi, the unique pressures of the academic environment may exacerbate these vulnerabilities. Despite the critical need for mental health support, specific research focusing on the prevalence and contributing factors of depression among final-year lower secondary school students in Hanoi remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by determining the current rates of depression and identifying key associated factors within this critical demographic.

This research is primarily aimed at public health policymakers, educators, school counselors, parents, and mental health practitioners in Vietnam, particularly those involved in adolescent well-being and education. It also serves as a valuable resource for researchers and academics studying adolescent mental health, providing empirical data and insights into depression prevalence and associated risk factors in a specific urban context.

This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and associated factors of depression among final-year lower secondary school students in Hanoi, utilizing a sample of 541 ninth-grade students from December 2023 to May 2024. The methodology involved a comprehensive survey and statistical analysis to identify significant correlations. Key findings reveal a high overall prevalence of depression, affecting 58.4% of the students, with varying degrees of severity ranging from minimal (26.1%) to severe (7.9%). The research significantly identified several factors statistically associated with depression. These include gender, heightened academic pressure, experiences of physical bullying, occurrences of cyberbullying, and excessive smartphone addiction. These results highlight a complex interplay of environmental and behavioral elements contributing to adolescent mental health challenges. The study concludes that targeted intervention strategies are urgently needed. These interventions should specifically address and mitigate the impact of academic pressure, combat both physical and cyberbullying, and promote healthier digital habits to reduce smartphone addiction among students, thereby improving the mental well-being of this vulnerable population.