Doctoral thesis in history: The leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in the highland districts from 2001 to 2010

Chia sẻ: Nguyễn Minh | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:28

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

83
lượt xem 5
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Clarifying the thesis process Nghe An Provincial Party leaders implemented social policies in the mountainous districts, raises major achievements, pointing out the limitations and draw some initial leadership experience in implementing social policies in the mountainous district from 2001 to 2010.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Doctoral thesis in history: The leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in the highland districts from 2001 to 2010

1 INTRODUCTION 1. The necessity of thethesis During the innovation period, the Communist Party of Vietnam regarded social policy as a major part of the policy system of the Party and the State. It is also a constituent of Vietnam’s socio-economic development strategy. It has been promoted significantly the process of constructing and protecting the nation. Continue to promote the achievements gain in implementing social policy, Communist Party had lots of guidelines and specific policies in order to address social issues in accordance with national practice before the new requirements, thus contributing to the goal of a prosperous people, a strong nation, democracy, justice, civilization socialist-oriented. Social policy is the issue that the scientists are interested in researching, approaching in many angles such as sociology, ethnography, etc... In the perception of Party History, however, rearching about social policy is limited, especially researching in leadership of the local party. Thus, learning about social policy implementation process at the local level to see the creative application of the parties, and better contribute the leadership of the Party about social policy in the innovation. The highland districtsare located in the West of Nghe An Province is an important strategic about socio - economic, defense - security, foreign policy and the ecological environment of the province and the North Central regions. This is the residence of many ethnic people with uneven qualified development. Therfore, the Party and State had multiple policies and mobilize more resources to develop socio-economic, bringing highland districts of Nghe An exit from underdevelopment status. With the attention of the Party and State, more than 25 years of national renewal process ,the highland districts of Nghe An province has achieved significant accomplishments, physical life and people spirit were improved. However, the highland districts of Nghe An province is still a "poor navel" of the province and the nation. The implementation of social policyis still limited. Some prolonged weaknesses, slow recovery as employment issues for employees in the process of international economic integration; not sustainable poverty reduction, the percentage of poor households and poverty remain high; education quality is uneven between urban and rural areas, have not meet the development requirements yet; Vocational training still have many inadequacies; health care system and health services for the mountainous people are scarce; Economic development has not been well combinated to solving social problems ... Meanwhile, the enemy forces are taking advantage of the ethnic problems, distorting the guidelines and policies of the Party and State Vietnam, propaganda, inciting fellow free migration, destabilize the
2 political situation, social in some highland villages, border of Ky Son, Que Phong, Xiangyang province, creating hotspots in mountainous areas of Nghe An province. That affects the stability and development of the comprehensive highland districts of Nghe An province in particular and in general. So, going deep research the lines and policies of the Party for mountainous in general and the process that the leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in the highland districts from 2001 to 2010 in particular, summed up the experience to perform better in the coming period is essential.Therefore, Candidates chose research problems "The leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in the highland districts from 2001 to 2010"as doctoral thesis in history, specializing in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam. 2. Research objectives and tasks Purpose of research: clarifying the thesis process Nghe An Provincial Party leaders implemented social policies in the mountainous districts, raises major achievements, pointing out the limitations and draw some initial leadership experience in implementing social policies in the mountainous district from 2001 to 2010. Research mission analysis system lines and policies of the Party and State social policy in general and social policy towards the mountains in the renovation period; Essential characteristics of natural, economic, social mountainous areas of Nghe An impact on the process of implementation of social policy in the area; clarify Nghe An Provincial Party to apply all policies of the Party and State leaders to make some in the mountainous districts of the province in 10 years (2001 to 2010); comment process performed SPB leadership of Nghe An Provincial Party; which summarizes some experience can apply to better implementation of Social Policy in the mountainous districts of Nghe An province in the near future. 3. Objects and scope of research Audience research: research thesis focused operations leader of Nghe An Provincial Party on the implementation of social policy in the mountainous districts of the province. Scope of the Study - Content of research: research thesis focused policy Nghe An Provincial Party Committee, direct the course of a number of social policy in the mountainous districts of the province such as poverty eradication policies and poverty reduction , employment policy, education policy and education, and the protection of people's health care.
3 - Space: Research implementation of social policies in 10 districts and 1 town mountainous provinces of Nghe An (Tuong Duong, Que Phong, Ky Son, Quy Chau, Quy Hop, Con Cuong, Tan Ky, Nghia Dan , Thanh Chuong, Anh Son and Thai Hoa Town). - On time: from 2001 to 2010, over 02 congresses of Nghe An Provincial Party lock XV (2001-2005) and lock XVI (2006-2010). 4. Rationale, methodology and resources Rationale: thesis based on a theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam in terms of social policy. Research Methodology: thesis mainly uses historical methods, logic method. In addition, graduate students use some other methods such as statistical methods, comparison, synthesis, survey ... Source material: mainly documents of the Party Central Committee, the text of the State, the resolution, the final report of the Party, the People's Committee of Nghe An province and 11 districts mountainous communes, survey data in some mountainous districts. A number of monographs, scientific topics, research paper ... 5. Contribution of the thesis - Clarifying the characteristics of socio-economic in highland districtsthat has impacted on the process ofthe leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies. - Analysis of the policy, the leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in highland districts (2001-2010). - Clarifying the roles of all levels of Nghe An province Party in implementing some social policies in mountainous areas of the province. - Affirm achievements and limitations in implementing social policy in the highland districts of Nghe An Provincial Party from 2001 to 2010, then summarized some practical experiences. - Systematic of resources on social policy of Nghe An Provincial Party. - The results of the thesis is a scientific basis for Nghe An Provincial Party to have adjustments, supplement guidelines and implement solutions more effectively in local social policy; contribute to summary the leadership of the Party, and State for social policy in the renovation period. 6. Thesis’s structure: Besides the introduction, the overview of the research situation, and conclusions, list of references and appendices, thesis content including 3 chapters, and 7 sections.
4 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1. The study of social policy in general Social Policy work - some theoretical issues and practical, publisher of social science, 1993 by Bui Dinh Thanh as Editor; Some issues of social policy in our country today, the national political publication, H, 1993 author Hoang Chi Bao; Social policy and innovation management mechanism implementation, the National Political Publishing, 1996 by Tran Dinh Hoan as Editor; Pham Xuan Nam author works Innovation social policy - Arguments and solutions, the National Political Publishing, 1997; Author Louis Charles Viossat and Bruno Palier with social policy and the process of globalization, the National Political Publishing, 2003; Some basic issues of social policy in Vietnam today, the publisher national politics, by Mai Ngoc Cuong as Editor; Party leaders of the social policies implemented during the renovation of Nguyen Thi Thanh, the National Political Publishing, 2011; Vietnam's Communist Party leaders implemented social policy innovation in 25 years (1986 to 2011) of Dinh Xuan Ly, publisher National University, 2011; Scientific foundations for social policy adjustment to agricultural development, rural Vietnam, Publisher of Social Sciences, 2001; Rural social policy: the experience of the Federal Republic of Germany and practical Vietnam Mai Ngoc Cuong made by editors, publishers, Political Theory, 2006; The work of social development issues and social development management now apply for Vietnam, the national political publication, 2012 by Hoang Chi Bao, Doan Minh Huan as co-editor ... In addition to these published works, a number of research doctoral thesis on the social policies defended at the Institute of Politics - National Administrative Ho Chi Minh as: doctoral thesis combines with party leaders economic development with social policy implemented from 1991 to 2006, 2011 by Pham Duc Kien; Vietnam's Communist Party leaders implemented social policies in the Central Highlands from 1996 to 2006 by Pham Van Ho, 2012. The above discussion of the social policy in terms of both theoretical and practical; Party leadership for social policy and implementation process in a number of localities; position, the role of social policy in economic development - social; the combined effects between economic policy and social policy, between social policy with other policies in the comprehensive
5 development of the country. These are the valuable reference for graduate students in the process of completing the dissertation. 1.2. The study of social policy in the mountainous regions Thesis classified monographs, journal articles by authors in the country and abroad on economic development - social mountainous general and some specific areas of social policy in mountain areas ethnic policy in particular as alleviation of poverty; jobs; education and training and protection, health care; a number of social policy in the region, specific local mountain: Highlands, North West Development works ... as sustainable upland Vietnam: looking back 10 years and the problems posed , Agriculture Publishing House, 2002; Sustainable development in ethnic minority and mountainous areas of Vietnam, Publishers Ethnic Culture, 2007, by Phan Van Hung as Editor; Some issues of poverty reduction among ethnic minorities in Vietnam, Publisher social sciences, the authors of the 2003 Bui Minh Dao, Nguyen Van Minh, Huynh Dinh Chien, Nguyen Van Tiep, Nguyen Van Thai Council... The work highlights the achievements, limitations on economic development - social mountainous nation; opportunities, challenges and propose some solutions in order to implement effective social policy on mountain areas. The project is an important document to help graduate students get an overview and comparison, compare to see specific, characteristic of each region in the process of implementing social policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam. 1.3. The research that is related to social policy in mountainous area of Nghe An province The ecosystem approach works humane and sustainable development of mountainous southwest of the author Nghe An, Le Trong Cuc, Tran Duc Vien, Agriculture Publishing House, 1997; Sustainable mountain development Nghe An Agriculture Publisher 2002 is a collaboration between the People's Committee of Nghe An and Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment, National University of Hanoi; Poverty Assessment of community participation in Nghe An, publisher Social Labor, 2003 by the Poverty Task Force (PTF); Combining economic growth and solve social problems in rural North Central in the process of industrialization and modernization of the author Doan Minh Due and The Dinh Dinh, Nghe Publishing House, 2003; An Art Book - World and new power in the twenty-first century, the National Political Publishing, 2005.
6 Many scientific topics, the journal article reflects on the implementation of social policy in the mountainous districts of Nghe An: Thread scientific research and develop solutions to overcome poverty model Khmu ethnic poverty in Nghe An, Hoang Xuan Luong homeroom, 2004; Proceedings of scientific conference solutions implement the scheme effectively Economic Development - Social western Nghe An provincial People's Committee of Nghe An, 2008; Proceedings of the Congress of Ethnic Minority First Nghe An, Nghe Publishing House, 2009; Author Tran Van Hang with the article "An Art focusing economic development - social improve peoples lives in the West", Communist Review, No. 807, 2010; The "theory" poles of development "and economic problems - society western Nghe An" Ho Thi Thanh Van, Journal of Information Science - Technology Nghe An, No. 12, 2011; "Six training solutions for Nghe An employee mountains" of Quang Hung, Journal of Labor and Social Affairs, No. 288, 2006; co-author of the article, Nguyen Thi Huong and Nguyen Thi Diep "Vocational training for workers in the districts of Nghe An program 30a in integration period", Economic Journal Asia - Pacific , No. 316, 2010… Many articles published in the Journal of Information Science - Technology Nghe An: "The model supports economic development - social Muong Ai Ky Son district," the still of the third floor, No. 1, 2010; "Some results of the application of science - technology in ethnic minority and mountainous areas of Nghe An on contemporary table", No. 2, 2010 by Nguyen Quy Hieu; "The building application models and transfer of science and technology for economic development - social and rural mountainous stage 2004 - 2010 in Nghe An," No. 6, 2010 by Tran Xuan Bi... Many master thesis has approached solving social policy on mountain areas in Nghe An province field economics, sociology, protected at the National Academy of Politics and Ho Chi Minh City. Looking a whole, the research works on the under many perspectives, commentary geared to issues of social policy, objects, tasks, views, guidelines for social policy ; the implementation of specific social policies of the Party in the reform era. The work has also clarified the relationship between social policy with economic policy; approaches, including notable approach sociological approach to the study of social policy ... It is well documented successor to the author, under the thesis used in historical perspective Party Communist Vietnam on a specific area - the mountainous district of Nghe An
7 province. However, no scientific work in depth comprehensive research on the process leading social policies implemented in the mountainous districts of Nghe An Provincial Party from 2001 to 2010. Chapter 1 THE POLICIES AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICY IN HIGHLAND DISTRICTS OF NGHE AN PROVINCAL PARTY COMMTTEE (2001 – 2005) 1.1. The social policy conception and the factors affecting to the implementation of social policy in the highland districts of Nghe An province 1.1.1. The concept of social policy On the basis of present some views on social policy, confirms the thesis: social policy is a policy to regulate social relations, solve social problems are posing to perform equal, equality, social progress and development of the whole person; facilitating people have prosperous life, liberty, happiness, enjoy the best achievements of the innovation country. 1.1.2. Natural characteristics, economic - social mountainous districts of Nghe An impact implement social policies * Natural features: Mountainous districts of 10 provinces of Nghe An and 1 town (Ky Son, Tuong Duong, Con Cuong, Anh Son, Thanh Chuong. Que Phong, Quy Chau, Quy Hop, Tan Ky, Nghia Dan and marketing Thai Hoa commune), with 217 commune-level administrative units; natural area of 13747.69 km2, accounting for 83.36% of the total natural area of the province. In terms of administrative boundaries, north of Thanh Hoa Province; south of Ha Tinh province; east 4 plain districts of the province; 3 provinces west by the Republic of Lao People's Democratic with 419 km long border. Dissected topography, forming many small areas, harsh climate. Nghe An province is No. 2 on the national forests. The mountainous district of Nghe An province is strategically important political, economic, cultural, especially on defense - security and foreign affairs of the Province and North Central regions. * Economic characteristics – social: The mountainous district of Nghe An province is still the most underdeveloped regions in the province and the country and is facing many difficulties and challenges. The economic structure transformation is slow, labor in agriculture and forestry accounted for 86.4%. Culture, education, health, social many shortcomings and weaknesses, the high rate of poor households; shifting cultivation, nomadic large; The illiteracy rate
8 in a high number of ethnic groups, such as 43% among the Hmong, Khmu ethnic groups is 32.01%. Population, ethnic groups: more than 1 million people, accounting for one third of the provincial population, in which about 41 thousand ethnic minority, mainly living in the mountainous districts. This is also the land of diversity, rich ethnic cultural nuances, which is the dominant Thai culture. However, besides the good cultural values, in the life of ethnic minorities in mountainous districts of Nghe An province survived a number of outdated customs. These are obstacles in the process of implementing social policies in the mountainous regions of the province. 1.1.3. Implementation of social policy in the mountainous district of Nghe An province the early re-establishment (1991-2000) and the requirements of economic development - economic development of the province before the new millennium From all policies of the Party and State reform era, Nghe An Provincial Party leaders implemented social policies on mountainous districts in the first 10 years of re-establishment (1991-2000) achieved the remarkable results. However, in a general way, the mountainous district is still underdeveloped areas, people's life more difficult, needy, high rate of poor households. Education and training are not required to keep up with new, low-quality training. The staff and facility staff professional scientific - technical and insufficient in number, and poor in professional capacity. So, Provincial Party must require timely undertakings, in accordance with the policies in the local mountains Nghe An; strengthen the guidance and supervision of the implementation of social policies into practice mountainous areas. Party government in the mountainous districts to creatively apply guidelines and policies of the Party, State, Provincial Committee, Provincial People's Committee on the specific conditions of the local general power to mobilize of economic development, effectively solve social problems. 1.2. Nghe An Provincial Party has been applied the Party's policies on social policy in the highland districts (2001-2005) 1.2.1. Party's policies on social policy in general mountainous areas, mountainous province of Nghe An in particular Thesis generalized views of the Communist Party of Vietnam in social policy reform era (1986-2000). Starting from the situation of the country entering the twenty-first century, Congress IX and the Central Conference of the IXth have additional, more specific of the Party's policies on social policy with the new content, claims the dialectical unity between social policy with
9 economic policy; economic growth coupled with social justice and social progress within each development step; close the gap regions, implementation of social justice between peoples, between the mountains and the plains under the motto "equality, solidarity, mutual support, help each other grow together". From the general policy, the thesis clearly stated guidelines and policies of the Party and State on the implementation of social policy in the mountainous province of Nghe An province as Conclusion No. 20-KL/TW, dated 02/6 / 2003 of the Political Bureau of results after 2 years of implementing the Resolution of the Ninth Party Congress and the Party Congress Resolution XV Nghe An and some advocated economic development - social Nghe An By 2005 and 2010; 37-NQ/TW Resolution, dated 01/7/2004 of the Politburo on economic development orientation - social security and defense midland and mountainous regions to 2010; 39-NQ/TW Resolution dated 16.08.2004, on economic development - social and ensuring national defense and security of North Central region and Central Coast in 2010 and Decision No. 147/2005 / QD- TTg, date 06.15.2005 Economic Development - Social western provinces of Nghe An in 2010 with the goal of "Bringing Western Nghe An escape from underdevelopment; physical life and spirit of ethnic minorities is enhanced, particularly in ethnic minority areas, border areas; pushing back the social evils; protection of national defense, border security and ecological sustainability”. 1.2.2. Advocates of Nghe An Provincial Party on Social Policy in the mountainous districts (2001 - 2005) From 2001 to 2005, the Party and government Nghe An province has many documents guiding the implementation of social policy in the mountainous districts such as Conclusion No. 13-KL/TU, on 12/12/2002 Results of the implementation of Resolution 14-NQ/TU of Provincial Party Committee (XIII) on economic development - social mountainous and ethnic oriented economic development - linked to social security defense in the highland districts and communes border; Conclusion No. 02-KL/TU Date 17/07/2001 Improving the quality of education and training in mountainous areas and ethnic groups associated with resource development and training of ethnic minorities; Resolution on Strengthening 18-NQ/TU dated 15.01.2004, the political system built facility ethnic minorities, the teacher; The scheme of the training and retraining of staff communes, wards and townships focus is key officers and staff of 10 mountainous communes in 2001-2005; Additional proposals, amendments to a number of policies on ethnic minorities and mountainous ... which emphasizes economic development combined with a good deal of care for social policy through the integration of projects provincial and national
10 programs; jobs for workers; improve the quality of education and training and health care for people, training and retraining of staff for the mountainous districts, primarily focusing on hunger eradication and poverty reduction, remove the dilapidated, makeshift for the poor mountainous districts. Along with the promulgation of the resolutions, own conclusions about the mountainous, Nghe An Provincial Party Committee has issued several resolutions and directives on specific areas of social policy such as alleviation of poverty; remove dilapidated housing, temporary for the poor; professional development training; improve the quality of education in mountainous areas and ethnic groups associated with resource development and training of the nation; consolidation and strengthening health mountainous districts. 1.3. The process of the leadership of the Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in the highland districts (2001 - 2005) Thesis clarify and direct the implementation process SPB in the mountainous districts of Nghe An Provincial Party Committee, and the writing system of the steering committee of provincial departments, branches, district committees, the rights mountainous districts implement social policies on specific areas: 1.3.1. Make poverty, improve living standards for people in mountainous districts. A highlight is the general health of the community in the direction to clean their houses, temporary poor households in the mountainous districts. By the end of 2005, 7/10 mountainous districts have basically eliminate dilapidated houses, temporary; poverty rate decreased from 26.46% (2000) to 11% (2005). However, the work of poverty alleviation unstable. Parts poor households and poverty is even greater, especially in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. 1.3.2. Step by step to create jobs for workers in the mountainous districts. Implementing the policy of the Provincial Committee, Provincial People's Committee issued Decision 4949/QD-UB.VX, dated 30/12/2005 on the Development of Vocational Training for employees mountainous 2005-2010 Nghe An with mechanisms and policies to improve the quality of labor in the mountainous districts, which focused on labor export - see here is the breakthrough channel for job creation, poverty alleviation in the district in mountain province. 1.3.3. Develop education and training, and their knowledge, staff training for the mountainous districts. The provincial government and the mountainous districts issued many decisions to improve the quality of education
11 and training, which focus on solving the shortage of teachers in the high mountain districts with incentives; simultaneous deployment training schemes, training local staff for 10 mountainous districts. So the school system is expanding; end of 2005, over mountainous areas of Nghe An essentially complete elimination of bamboo classrooms; overcome the shortage of teachers in the high mountains; Working nomination is enhanced; levels of education and professional qualifications as well as political theory, state management of the mountainous commune officials raised significantly. Number of staff with university degrees and college from 4.23% to 8.85% and professional schools from 8% to 53.3%; the level of political discourse bachelor, advanced from 0.74% to 1.2% and secondary political theory from 45.9% to 53.3%. 1.3.4. Protection, health care for people in mountainous districts. Enhance training of specialized expertise in various forms, proposed mechanisms and policies to attract medical personnel to work in the mountainous districts. Medical Work in the mountainous districts have the obvious changes; basic health network investment and evenly distributed to residential areas; the major disease outbreak under control; the national health program activities effectively, especially the proportion of children under 5 malnourished fell sharply, from 60% (2000) to 30.4% (in 2005), contributing to Nghe proportion of malnourished children lowest in the country. Brief Chapter’s summary: In 5 years (2001-2005), under the leadership of the Party and the guidelines and policies of the State, Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee of Nghe An province was particularly interested in the mountainous districts Nghe An by issued many resolutions, directives and decisions to lead and direct the departments, agencies and mountainous districts implement social policies contribute to economic development - local society table. Many resolutions and directives of the Provincial Committee of solving social problems is people in mountainous districts responded extensive and effective implementation of the proactive way, creativity, overall strength mobilized of the whole society, in accordance with the characteristics of each region and area, as Resolution No. 10 on poverty reduction; Directive No. 21 to remove dilapidated housing, temporary for the poor; Conclusion No. 02 on improving the quality of education and training in mountainous areas and ethnic groups associated with resource development and training of ethnic minorities; Resolution No. 18 on the strengthening and building grassroots political system ethnic minorities; Directive No. 17 on consolidation and strengthening health ... This reflects the leadership of the Party Committee of Nghe An implementation
12 of social policy in the mountainous district from 2001 to 2005 were derived from practices of the local mountain to Nghe An Provincial Party policy and propose appropriate measures. Identify key issues to create a breakthrough in economic development - in particular social and implementing social policies in particular in the area of the mountainous district human resources. Party committee, the provincial government, the mountainous district of Nghe An has many advocates, policy priorities to mobilize, strengthen the staff, especially teachers and nurses, more doctors working in mountainous districts to meet the learning needs and health care for people in mountainous, ethnic, contributing to equality in education and health care in the province. In the process of leading social policies implemented in the mountainous districts, implementing Party policies focus on hunger eradication and poverty reduction. Nghe An Provincial Party Committee chose the delete key issues dilapidated houses, temporary poor households, mainly in the mountainous districts to deal with Directive No. 21, to mobilize the power of unions, community, accordance with the aspirations of the people, therefore, only in 1 year was 84% deleted their houses, and temporary in the province. It is most evidence for the Party's guidelines apply in directing the implementation of social policy locally. From directing the implementation process, awareness of resolving the social policy of the Party committees, governments mountainous districts of Nghe An has been a marked improvement in the overall economic development - social local. Therefore, some mountainous districts of Nghe An province have applied Party's policies, Provincial Committee a flexible way to bring back the real results and effectiveness as soon Qishan County Commissioner issued a resolution on hunger eradication poverty reduction to overcome the poverty rate in the area; Thanh Chuong districts to mobilize the power of the community, especially children living home, work outside the district to contribute to building infrastructure, economic development, improving people's lives. Despite the efforts of leaders implemented social policies in the mountainous district, Nghe An Provincial Party but still faces many social problems to be solved, such as higher poverty rates, lower educational quality , and the distance to the lowland districts, health care was inadequate, weak staff expertise, indicators and proposed solutions are not consistent with reality ... This requires the Party committees, governments and Nghe An provinces in mountainous districts continued leadership and close guidance and more
13 effective to put the mountainous districts soon overcome underdevelopment, towards sustainable development. Chapter 2 THE LEADERSHIP OF NGHE AN PARTY COMMITTEE IN IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL POLICIES IN THE HIGHLAND DISTRICTSTO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS PROMOTING THE INNOVATION OF THE NATION (2006 - 2010) 2.1. The guidlines of Nghe An Provincial Party about social policy in the highland districts in the new situation 2.1.1. Social Policy of the Party and State requirements before promoting industrialization and modernization On the basis of analyzing the impact of the global situation of the country, continue to confirm the thesis of the Communist Party of Vietnam on social policy in Congress, especially in solving social problems Assembly in mountainous areas, ethnic minority. New in the text of the Party, State period 2006 - 2010 is more clearly defined position of social policy in the overall economic development - economic development of the country, which was concretized development of regions and localities, especially in mountain areas and the role of social policy for the comprehensive development of the mountainous nation. Since then, the party has properly handle the relationship between economic policy with social policy in conditions of market economy in the local mountains. At the same time, the Party and State policies have mobilized resources to contribute to solving social problems and organize the implementation of social policies with the ability of the participating organizations, unions and every people on mountain areas. Implementation of social policy in mountainous regions not only meaningful support, solving the difficulties of the mountain people but also creating equal opportunity for people to access developer resources and enjoyment services , social welfare. 2.1.2. New requirements and guidelines of Nghe An Provincial Party on Social Policy in the mountainous district (2006-2010) Thesis clarify the advantages and difficulties affecting the policy making of Nghe An Provincial Party social policy hoitren mountainous areas. Congress locked in Nghe An Provincial Party XVI (2006 - 2010), thoroughly understand the Party's policies of economic development associated with better care for social issues, implementation of social justice, wealth gap poverty between regions. Maximum mobilization of resources for development investment, investment priorities for exploiting the potential of the western provinces; specific plans to take appropriate steps to implement the Decision No. 147 of
14 the Government Economic development - Social western provinces of Nghe An in 2010. Nghe An Provincial Party Committee has issued several resolutions, directives, concluded that social policy leader in the mountainous districts as 06-NQ/TU 16/10/2006 Resolution on the implementation plan Decision 147 of the Prime Minister on economic development - social western Nghe An in 2010; Conclusion No. 24-KL/TU to Accelerate, improve the efficiency of the implementation of Decision 147 of the Prime Minister; Conclusion No. 10- KL/TU Date 5/12/2006 Build system on the basis of political ethnic minorities; Policy support schemes specifically aimed at implementing economic alleviation of poverty and eventually eradicate shifting cultivation, nomadic freedom of Mongolia (dated 7/10/2008); Conclusion dated 03.13.2009 No. 20- KL/TU to implement effective programs and sustainable poverty reduction in Ky Son district 3, Tuong Duong, Que Phong and continue to target Congress Resolution Party XVI set; 02-DA/TU number of projects Training and retraining of ethnic minority cadres, female cadres and local officials, promising young officers; Resolution No 08-NQ/TU Improving the quality of health care and health care to the people in 2010 and the next year ... Thus, in the years 2006-2010, Nghe An Provincial Party Committee has issued several resolutions, directives, conclusions leaders to strengthen social policies for the mountainous districts; especially direct the implementation of Decision 147 of the Prime phu.Tiep continuous investment perspective to the mountainous district, provincial steering committees focused comprehensive development for the poor mountainous districts, and interested to the ethnic Mong, Đan Lai, Ơ Đu umbrellas by the project, the specific program. 2.2. Nghe An Party Committee in implementing social policies in the highland districts(2006 - 2010) Grasping the resolutions of the Provincial Committee, implementation of the decision of the Prime Minister on economic development - society western Nghe An, Nghe An provincial People's Committee issued Decision No. 436/QD-UBND on 03/02 / 2006 dated 5/10/2006 309/2006/KH-UBND-TH Plan with 22 projects, development projects in the mountainous areas of many areas of the departments associated with the solution synchronization. In particular, the focus of economic development priority attached to addressing social issues. With the close guidance, the People's Council, People's Committee and other departments and agencies of Nghe An integrated active steering, coordination of projects and programs of economic development - social
15 mountain areas, organizing and directing the implementation of social policies effective on the following key aspects: 2.2.1. Promote hunger eradication and poverty reduction in a sustainable way in the mountainous districts. Focus steering finish removing dilapidated houses, temporary for the poor; implementing effective alleviation of poverty in three mountainous districts with Decision 30a; implementation of social policies for ethnic minorities, such as navigation, Mongolia, umbrellas ... The alleviation of poverty is to attract the participation of political institutions - social, unions and the will of the poor escape poverty with more movement, model reduction effective poverty, contribute to reduce the poverty rate from 37.35% (2006) to 25% ( 2010), reaching its objectives. However, the number of poor households in the high mountainous districts even more, not yet implemented support for the protection of productive land under the program implementation plan 134 ... 2.2.2. Improving the quality of labor, contributing to job creation in the mountainous districts. Implementation of the resolutions of the Provincial Committee of the jobs program for 2006-2010, the provincial People's Committee has issued a number of resolutions and decisions, mechanisms and policies to attract jobs, focusing on building vocational training centers in the mountainous districts; expanding the types of training ... Compared to the period 2001 - 2005, the number of workers employed in agriculture and forestry decreased by 25.2% (61.19% left), the number of employees in the industry construction increased 14.45% (reaching 19.05%) and services sector increased 10.76% (19.76% achieved); create new jobs for approximately 30,400 employees, the average per year over 6000 employees. The proportion of trained workers increased from 13% to 23%, in which workers are trained from 6.38% to 15%, an increase of 2.5 times compared with 2005. However, the number of employees vocational training in the mountainous districts was low, only 15%; quality training, especially short-term vocational training, vocational training establishments in the non-public limited and can not meet the requirements of the labor market. 2.2.3. Focus investment in education and training, building staff development to meet the requirements of the mountainous districts. Implementing Resolution No. 04 of the Provincial Committee on Development Program Human Resources 2006-2010, People's Committee issued Decision No. 3524/QD-UBND.VX, 12 / / 9/2007 on the consolidation of schools and
16 classrooms, building housing for teachers, improving the quality of early childhood education and general education Western Nghe An for 2007-2015 ... Nghe An province is one of the earliest plans for building a learning society, thus arousing the spirit of learning of all people, equality of learning opportunities and social policies in education education, especially in the mountainous districts. Many private schools, private shows built their hands together of organizations, businesses and people in the education and training of children mountainous nation. The training and retraining, staff rotation basis focused. Training of project implementation, staff training establishments Western Nghe An for 2008-2010 (dated 1/8/2008) effectively contribute to improving the professional, educated staff , especially the grassroots cadres deep, remote and ethnic minority areas. 2.2.4. Strengthening protection, health care for people in mountainous districts. Provincial People's Committee has issued many decisions, typical 3413/QD-UBND-VX 31/8/2007 Decision on Health Network Development Western Nghe An area in 2010 with the policy of smoking, support for health workers, strengthening team of doctors, clinics, building up to national standards for health... Therefore, infrastructure and medical equipment in mountainous areas of Nghe An has gradually been expanded and renovated spacious, better equipped, contributing to improving the quality of healthcare for people . The percentage of national social standards of health by 5 times compared with 2005, reaching 63.42%, exceeding the target set; team doctor promptly supplement and enhance physician ratio from 2.3 / lakh population (2005) increased 4 doctor / ten thousand people; increase the percentage of clinics have doctors 2.4 times compared to 2005, contributing to improving the quality of healthcare at the grassroots level. However, the standard rate of national social health and number of beds / thousand people on low mountain areas, especially in the high mountainous districts. Brief Chapter’s summary: In 5 years (2006-2010), sticking to the policy of the Party and State on the implementation of social policies hoitren mountainous areas, the Party, the government and the mountainous province of Nghe An leadership, directing the implementation of effective policies eliminate hunger, reduce poverty, create jobs for workers, improving the quality of education - training, strengthening and protecting health care workers population.
17 From the state of implementation of social policy in the mountainous district, Nghe An Provincial Party leaders close in time and undertakings set out to solve many difficulties and shortcomings. At the same time, interest in directing the poor districts, there are guidelines and specific policies for ethnic minorities difficulties (Mong, O Du, Dan Lai). From the general policy of the Central Government on hunger eradication and poverty reduction, Nghe An Provincial Party creatively applied, subject to the policy of social support for the poor have poverty rates over 25% outside Decision 30a. Therefore, extended object provincial investment contributed to rapid social completing the hunger eradication and poverty reduction. Many issues need to be resolved for the poor, Party, Nghe An provincial government has focused leadership, focused direction, need immediate assistance deleted dilapidated houses, temporary for the poor to people stable life and decision to finish before 09/02/2007. Demonstrate the leadership of the executive committee, the provincial government and the mountainous districts have closely the actual situation of local mountainous districts, advocates accord with the aspirations of the masses. With determination on, until 2010, Nghe An Province is one of complete deletion of temporary houses for the poor under Resolution No. 37 of the Politburo. New in the leadership of the Party, Nghe An provincial government has mobilized the synergy, the general strength of political institutions - social business in social work education and training create, step by step improve facilities, increase the percentage of schools meeting national standards in mountainous areas. System in private schools and vocational secondary schools are established and expanding, contributing to improving the quality of human resources in the mountainous district of Nghe An province. With Resolution No. 08 on health, Nghe An Provincial Party Committee has strengthened the leadership for the protection of health care workers and people in mountainous districts, focused on improving the quality of staff, staff medical doctors to strengthen district, commune, infrastructure investment for health centers, therefore, the rate of communes, wards and towns meet national standards for health, the rate of CHCs have Doctors are exceeding targets, exceeding the average rate of the northern mountainous provinces, significantly contribute to the human development index (HDI). The direction of all levels and sectors for the implementation of social policies on mountain areas more comprehensively and more effectively, contributing to local development requirements of the business before promoting industrialization, modernize the country and homeland.
18 Chapter 3 GENERAL COMMENTS AND SOME EXPERIENCES 3.1. General comments on the implementation of social policy in highland districts of Nghe An Provincial Party (2001 - 2010) 3.1.1. Basic Achievement In 10 years (2001-2010) led social policies implemented in the mountainous district, Nghe An Provincial Party gained remarkable achievements. One is, uniformly high in awareness of the importance, content, implementation of the principles of social policy in the mountainous district of Nghe An province From the practical implementation of policy leadership in the social mountainous districts, Nghe An Provincial Party has increasingly clearer awareness of the position and the important role of social policy in the process of economic development - social issues that are of strategic significance in the construction and home protection reform era. Through advocacy, education and creating general awareness, consensus in the Party and society, bringing to life the policy; entire population launching arouse the spirit of overcoming conservative, stagnant, narrow-minded, dependence, decision taken mountainous provinces of Nghe An escape from underdevelopment, limited distance between mountain and on lowland areas - economic society. Leaders implement social policy in mountainous, Nghe An Provincial Party has renewed awareness of the implementation of the principle of equality between the regions and the nation. It simply is not fair equality of income distribution, economic benefits, but also fair and equal opportunity to develop economic, cultural, educational, health care for individuals, community, opportunities for mountain people equality in social consumer products. Implementation of social policy in the mountainous districts of Nghe An is not only help bring that subsidized domestic resources to promote each locality. The help for the mountain means to facilitate greater access to resources, developing internal resources available, ensuring sustainable development, creating conditions for people in mountainous districts done right equality of opportunity and enjoyment development services, social welfare. Second, the process leading social policies implemented in the mountainous district, Nghe An Provincial Party has achieved some concrete results:
19 The leaders implemented social policies of the Party Committee of Nghe An province in the mountainous districts have created equal opportunities for people to access developer resources and enjoyment services, social welfare on the field : poverty reduction; jobs; education - training and protection of people's health care. The initial success achieved in the process of implementing social policies in the mountainous districts to fully grasp and manipulate the fit characteristics and situation of the mountainous areas of Nghe An Provincial Party 2001 -2010 has contributed to raising living standards and morale of ethnic minorities. Rural areas, especially mountainous regions inhabited by the ethnic minorities are renewed each day. That is the test of the correctness of social policy in practice, and affirms the efforts and proper orientation of the Party and State in sustainable mountain development. * The cause of the achievements - Party and State of Vietnam was aware of the role and importance of social policy in the area are generally mountainous and mountainous districts in Nghe An province, in particular the industrialization, modernization water. Government planned economic development - social western Nghe An province with orientation, a clear mission. - Party authorities and Nghe An provinces, especially committees, government mountainous districts of the province are thoroughly consistent, flexible application guidelines and policies of the Party and State policies in a new social situation, in accordance with local practice. Some committees, governments in the mountainous district of Nghe An province also has a policy early in directing the implementation of social policy in advance of the situation requires specific, it reflects the creativity and initiative of lower levels of general policy, and at the same time show the correctness of the general policy is to realize in practice. - The consensus of the political system, companies, international organizations and the people in the implementation of social policies. The close coordination and synchronization in the political system from provincial to grassroots has made clear consensus among the leadership and direction of the party committees with management role and implementation of the authorities, social organizations at all levels, resulting in a profound shift in perception as well as in the implementation of social policies in each locality.
20 - With the unanimous support of the people of the mountainous district of Nghe An province, especially ethnic minorities in the process of implementation of programs and projects of the State Party and social policy in the area. People are not only beneficiaries of the fruits of social policy by the State "subsidy", which is the subject of the process of implementing social policies with the active role, positive. This is one important reason for the effective implementation of social policy in the mountainous districts. 3.1.2. A limited number One is, in leading social policies implemented in the mountainous districts of Nghe An Provincial Party Committee, a number of social policy issues have not been implemented in accordance with the province's mountainous regions; also spread investment, lack of focus, not yet identified any areas need major investment to create the stimulus point, a "positive development" for the province's mountainous region; not effectively promote good inter-mountainous region between localities in the province, neighboring provinces in implementing social policies; a number of committees, local administrations and industry awareness and not properly understood the links the economic development - social defense and security to solve social problems seamlessly. Activities of the Steering Committee are not program at all levels. The propaganda and dissemination of policies, guidelines implementing the policies of the local grassroots level is weak and not really focused. Second, in directing the implementation of social policy, and some exist on the specific areas: The number of poor households in the mountainous districts of the country compared to other provinces and higher; reduce the level of poverty in a region, a district uneven. Some social policies are summarized delay, modify, supplement or other policy applies principles, not promote all the positive meaning of the policy, but also create moral hazard, expectations people of the State policy. Labor also working mainly in the agricultural sector (accounting for 61.19%). Employment policies are mainly focused on creating new jobs by the width, less attention to quality jobs. The proportion of trained workers, low skilled workers in the labor structure. Quality education - training low, failing to meet the training requirements of human resources for economic development - social mountainous areas. The system centers and treatment delayed development, concentrated in the low mountains in the high country is still insufficient. Regarding training, staff