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Cãlo¹ithùcvËtth−îng®¼ngkýsinhchØchuyªnkýsinhëbéphËnrÔc©ytrångnh−
häorobanchaceae,Scrophilariaceae.Cãlo¹ichØkýsinhtrªnc¸cbéphËnth©ncnhcña
c©ykýchñnh−c¸cloit¬hång(Cuscutaceae)vtÇmgöi.Tuynhiªn,còngcãlo¹ivõacã
thÓkýsinhërÔ,võacãthÓëth©ncnhnh−Santalaceae.
C©ytrångkhibÞkýsinhth×Ýtcãnh÷ngbiÕn®æilínvÒmÆth×nhth¸i,nÕucãth×chØ
ëvÞtrÝmc©ykýsinhtiÕpgi¸pb¸mchÆtvc©ykýchñcãhiÖnt−îngthay®æinæius−ng
nh−ngvÒmÆtsinhtr−ëngth×bÞøcchÕm¹nhbiÓuhiÖnrangoi:c©ylínchËm,yÕuít,l¸
bÞkh«rông,qu¶rônghoÆcëtrªnc¸ccnhbÞkýsinhkh«ngcãqu¶,métsè®o¹nth©n
cnhhoÆctonc©ydÇndÇnbÞkh«óachÕt.
II. T¸c ®éng g©y h¹i cña thùc vËt th−îng ®¼ng ký sinh víi c©y
trång
T¸c®éngcãh¹ic¬b¶ncñathùcvËtth−îng®¼ngkýsinh®èivíic©ykýchñkh«ng
ph¶ilt¸c®éngcñac¸c®éctè,còngkh«ngph¶ilnã®?chiÕm®o¹thÕttÊtc¶nh÷ngvËt
chÊtdinhd−ìngcñac©ykýchñ,mchñyÕulphÇnlínn−íctrongc©ybÞchiÕm®o¹tlm
choc¸cchøcn¨ngsinhlývt¸cdông®ångho¸cñac©ytrångbÞph¸ho¹i.
Métsèlo¹ithùcvËtth−îng®¼ngkýsinhchñyÕuph¸ho¹itrªnc¸cc©yn«ngl©m
nghiÖp, c©y ¨n qu¶ th−êng thÊy ë n−íc ta l nh÷ng lo¹i thuéc hä Loranthaceae v
Cuscutaceae.C¸clo¹ic©ytÇmgöinh−:LoranthuschinensisD.C,Loranthusparasiticus
(Linn)Merr,LoranthussampsoniHanceth−êngsèngkýsinhtrªnth©n,cnhc¸cc©ychÌ,
®o,mÝt,chanh,b−ëivc¸cc©ygçrõng.§ãlnh÷nglo¹icãl¸xanh,d¹ngh×nhc©ybôi
nhá,cãhoaqu¶vh¹t.H¹tchÝnr¬iv?idogiã,chimchãcmlantruyÒn®ixa,b¸mtrªn
th©n,cnhc©ygÆp®iÒukiÖntèt,Èm−ítsÏn¶ymÇm®©mrÔtiÕtradÞchnhênph©ngi¶im«
biÓub×c©y,mäcrac¸cvßihót(rÔgi¶)x©mnhËpvotÇngvác©yråi®©mnh¸nht¹othnh
métchïm“rÔgi¶”lanréngtronglípvác©y,vÒsaul¹itiÕptôc®©mranh÷ngvßihótmíi
chäcquatÇngm«sinhtr−ëngvotíim¹chgç.Tõ®ãtrë®inh÷ngvßihótnyph©nho¸
thnhnh÷ngm¹chdÉnnèith«ngvíim¹chdÉncñac©ykýchñdo®ãmhót®−îcc¸cvËt
chÊtv«c¬vn−ícdoc©ykýchñhóttõ®Êtvc©ytÇmgöicònglíndÇnlªntõmÇmthnh
th©nl¸xanhtèt.
Nh÷nglo¹ithùcvËtth−îng®¼ngkýsinhhontonth−ênggÆptrªnc¸clo¹ic©yc¶i
b¾p,c©y cóc tÇn, v¶i,nh?n, c©ychÌl nh÷ng lo¹it¬hång Cuscutav Cassytha. §ã l
nh÷nglo¹ic©ykh«ngcãl¸xanh,kh«ngcãrÔ,chØcãth©nnhállo¹ith©nd©yleo,mÇu
h¬ivnghoÆchång nh¹t,cãqu¶v h¹t. H¹tquamét thêi giantÜnhcãthÓ n¶y mÇm ë
trong®Êtmäcramét®o¹nmÇmm®©mxuèng®Êtb¸mchÆttrªnc¸ch¹t®Êt,cßn®o¹n
®ÇuphÝatrªnv−¬nlªnraxungquanh®Ót×mb¸mvoc©ykýchñ.Khi®?gÆpc©ykýchñ
vleoquÊnxungquanhth©nthilËptøcmäcrac¸cvßihót(d¹ngrÔcäc)xuyªnvotrong
m«th©nc©y,chäcth«ngtíic¸cbãm¹chdÉncñac©ykýchñ®Ób¾t®Çuhótc¸cchÊtdinh
d−ìngvn−íc.Lócny®o¹nd©yphÝad−íicñat¬hångcoteol¹i,t¸chl×akháimÆt®Êtv
tõ®ãtachØcßnthÊynh÷ngth©nd©yt¬hångleoquÊnch»ngchÞtl¬löngëtrªnc©yký
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chñ.D©yt¬hångph¸ttriÓnrÊtnhanh,cãthÓbßleotõc©ynysangc©ykh¸c.Do®ãcã
thÓthÊytõngchßmlínc©ybÞt¬hångph¸ho¹i,lmchoc©ytrångsinhtr−ëngyÕu,kh«
vng,®ångthêid−íit¸c®éngcñachóngcãthÓlmthnhc¸cus−ngtrªnchçbÞh¹i.
C¸c lo¹i thùc vËt th−îng ®¼ng kýsinh mÆc dï sovíi c¸c lo¹i bÖnhtruyÒn nhiÔm
kh¸cth×ÝtphæbiÕnvÝtt¸ch¹ih¬nnh−ngtrongmétchõngmùcno®ãcòngcãthÓg©y
ranh÷ngthiÖth¹inhÊt®Þnh.VËytuútheotr−ênghîpcôthÓmph¶itiÕnhnhc¸cbiÖn
ph¸ptrõdiÖt.CÇnc¾tbánh÷ngc©ytÇmgöitrªnth©ncnh.§èivíinh÷ngchçbÞt¬hång
ph¸ho¹icÇngìbá®i,thus¹ch®em®ètkh«ng®Ósãtl¹inh÷ngmÈuth©n.CÇncy®Êts©u
®Ó vïi lÊp c¸c h¹t t¬ hång xuèng líp®Êt s©u lm cho mÊt søcn¶y mÇm. Trong nh÷ng
tr−ênghîpcÇnthiÕtnªndïngc¸clo¹iho¸chÊt®ÓtrõphunAcsenitnatri30kg/haho
trong 500 e 750 lÝt n−íc, phun dung dÞch 4% Dinitrophenolat amon, phun dung dÞch
Pentachlorephenolatnatri30kg/hahotrong600e1000lÝtn−íc,hoÆcdïngmétvilo¹i
thuèctrõcákh¸c.
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Phôlôc(thuècb¶ovÖthùcvËt)
Tªnho¹tchÊtvtªnth−¬ngm¹imétsèthuèccãt¸cdôngtrõc«ntrïngchÝchhót
(RÖp,rÇy,bäphÊn,bätrÜ,vv...)m«igiíitruyÒnbÖnhvirush¹ic©ytrång:
Acephate(TTM:Anitox50SC;Binhmor40EC;Lancer4G,40EC;Monster40EC,
75WP;orthene97Pellet;Viaphate40EC,75BHN).
Acetamiprid (TTM: Domosphi 20EC; Mopride 20WP; Mospilan 3EC, 20SP;
Otoxess200SP).
Acrinathrin(TTM:Rufast3EC).
Alpha`cypermethrin (TTM: Alphacide 50EC; 100EC; Bestox 5 EC; Fastac 5EC;
Fastocide5EC;Motox205EC,5EC,10EC;Vifast5ND,10SC;).
Amitraz(TTM:Mitac20EC).
Beta`cyfluthrin(TTM:Buldock025EC).
Buprofezin(TTM:Aklaut10WP,Aperlaur10WP;Apolo10WP,25WP;Applaud
10WP, 25 SC; Butal 10 WP; Butyl 10 WP, 40WDG, 400 SC; Difluent 10WP, 25 WP;
Encofezin10WP,25WP;MapeJudo25WP;Profezin10WP;Ranadi10WP;Viappla10
WP):Carbaryl(TTM:Sevin43FW,85S;Sebaryl85BHN).
Carbosulfan(TTM:Carbosan25EC;mashal200SC).
Chlorpyrifosethyl(TTM:Chlorban20EC,48EC;Virofos20EC).
Deltamethrin(TTM:Decis2.5EC).
Diafenthiuron(TTM:Pegasus500SC).
Diazinon(TTM: Agrozinon60EC;Basudin10G, 50EC; Diaphos 10G, 50 EC;
Diazol10G,60EC;Kayazinon40EC,50EC,60EC;Vibasu40ND,50ND).
Dimethoate(TTM:Arriphos40EC;Bie5840EC;Bian40EC,50EC;Binhe5840
EC;Bini5840EC;Bitox40EC,50EC;§imecie40EC;Dimenat40EC;Dithoate40
EC;Fezmet40EC;Forgon40EC,50EC;Nugor40EC;Pyxoate44EC;Tigithion40
EC,50EC;Vidithoate40ND;Watox400EC).
Esfenvalerat(TTM:Alphago5EC;Sumisana5EC).
Etofenprox(TTM:Trebon10EC,20WP,30EC).
Fenobucarb(TTM:Anba50EC;Bascide50EC;Bassan50EC;Bassatigi50ND;
Dibacide50EC;ExcelBasa50ND;Forcin50EC;Hopkill50ND;Hoppecin50EC;Nibas
50 ND;Pasha 50 ND; Super kill 50 EC; Tapsa 50 EC; Triray 50 EC; Vibasa 50 ND;
Vitagro50EC).
Fenpropathrin(TTM:Daniton10EC).
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Fenthion(TTM:Lebaycide50EC,500EC;Sunthion50EC).
Fenvalerat (TTM: Dibatox 10 EC, 20 EC; Encofenva 20 EC, Fantasy 20 EC;
Pyvalerate20EC;Sagomycin10EC,10ME,20EC;Sanvalerate200EC;Sumicidin10EC;
Sudin20EC).
Imidacloprid (TTM: Admire 050 EC; Admitox 050 EC; Amico 10 EC; Armada
50EC;Gaucho70WS,020FS,600FS;Confidor100SL,700WG;Conphai10WP,15WP,
000S; Just 050 EC; Miretox 10 WP; Midan 10 WP; Sahara 25 WP; Sectox 10 WP;
Yamida10WP).
Soprocarb(TTM:Capcin20EC,25WP;Mipcide20EC,50WP;Tigicarb20EC,
25WP;Vimipc20ND,25BTN).
Methidathion(TTM:Supracide40EC;Supathion40EC).
Nereistoxin(TTM:Binhdan10H,18SL,95WP;Dibadan18SL,95WP;Vithadan
18SL,95WP).
Phenthoate(TTM:Elsan50EC;Nice50EC;Rothoate50EC).
Phosalone(TTM:Pyxolone35EC;Saliphos35EC).
Pirimicarb(TTM:Ahoado50WP).
Profenofos(TTM:Binhfos50EC;Selecron500EC).
Pyridaphenthion(TTM:Ofunack40EC).
Silafluofen(TTM:Silatop7EW,20EW).
Thiamethoxam(TTM:Actara25WG).
Triazophos(TTM:Hostathion20EC,40EC).
Ghichó:TTM:Tªnth−¬ngm¹icñathuèc.
Trưng ñi hc Nông nghip 1 – Giáo trình Bnh cây ñi cương ---------------------------------------------------
158
TiliÖuthamkho
*T>iliÖutrongn−íc
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