Giáo trình English for Business I Intensive Reading - Phần 2

Chapter 4<br /> <br /> ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH<br /> <br /> Objectives<br /> • P r o v i d i n g knovvledge ô n environment and health.<br /> • I m p r o v i n g reading skills: ansvvering pre- reading questions about texts,<br /> scanning, s k i m m i n g , detailed reading, a p p l y i n g true/ false questions to texts.<br /> • F o r m i n g appropriate manner.<br /> Contents<br /> • I n í o r m a t i o n ô n conservation, air p o l l u t i o n , healthy diets.<br /> • The use and í ò r m a t i o n ô n the gerund, prepositions f o l l o w i n g adịectives.<br /> • V o c a b u l a r y r e l a t i n g to environment and health.<br /> <br /> 55<br /> <br /> U n i t l<br /> <br /> C O N S E R V A T I O N<br /> <br /> Pre-reading<br /> Ì . W h a t are natural resources?<br /> 2. W h y do we need to conserve natural resources?<br /> <br /> Conservation is the safeguarding and preservation o f n a t u r a l resources, so<br /> thát they can continue to be used and erỹoyed. I n the past, m o s t<br /> <br /> people<br /> <br /> believed t h á t the w o r l d ' s resources c o u l d never be used ú p . T o d a y , w e k n o w<br /> thát this is n ó t t r ú c A n i m p o r t a n t part o f conservation is t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f<br /> waste- waste o f í o r e s t s , s o i l , w i l d l i f e , minerals and h u m a n l i v e s . A s important<br /> is the íĩght against p o l l u t i o n o f our e n v i r o n m e n t , i n p a r t i c u l a r , the d i r t y i n g and<br /> poisoning o f air and vvater. Conservation is also concerned w i t h the r e c l a i m i n g<br /> o f land b y i r r i g a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g swamps or p u s h i n g b a c k the sea.<br /> Farmers can protect their land b y yearly r o t a t i o n o f crops- t h á t is, g r o w i n g<br /> d i f f e r e n t crops ô n the same land f r o m year to year. I n this w a y , d i f f e r e n t<br /> elements o f the soil have t i m e to replace lost elements. F a r m e r s c a n h e l p enrich<br /> the soil by a d d i n g f e r t i l i z e r s . T h e y can prevent erosion b y p l o u g h i n g a l o n g the<br /> contours o f a h i u rather than ú p and d o w n . I n this w a y w a t e r does n ó t r u n o f f<br /> and take the soil w i t h Ít.<br /> Trees and shrubs are also needed to preserve l a n d because t h e i r roots bind<br /> the soil and retain vvater. W h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t , the s o i l can<br /> easily become loose and b l o w away.<br /> Forests provide t i m b e r , one o f M a n ' s most valuable resources, b ú t they<br /> must be managed c a r e í u l l y . O n l y mature trees should be c ú t , l e a v i n g the y o u n g<br /> ones to g r o w bigger.<br /> <br /> 56<br /> <br /> T o protect w i l d - l i f e , many countries have passed laws r e s t r i c t i n g h u n t i n g<br /> and í i s h i n g . W i l d - l i f e preserves areas where animals are protected vvithin their<br /> natural environment are becoming more c o m m o n i n regions vvhere a n i m a l l i f e<br /> is threatened.<br /> D i r t y air is c h i e f l y a c i t y p r o b l e m . London's f a m o u s "pea soup" f o g s were<br /> cleared by laws b y f o r b i d d i n g the b u r n i n g o f s o f t f u e l s ; b ú t car exhaust f u m e s<br /> continue to pollute the air. Some large cities m a y have to ban cars f r o m the c i t y<br /> centre to wipe out smoke.<br /> Minerals t h á t are taken f r o m the Earth i n immense quantities i n c l u d e<br /> petroleum, coal, natural gas, iron and copper. Once used ú p , these minerals can<br /> never be replaced to conserve t h è m , we must c ú t waste and recycle (put back<br /> into use) the metal i n discarded products, such as e m p t y cans. Conservation<br /> also includes searching f o r altemative f u e l s , such as the energy o f the Sun.<br /> <br /> W O R D LIST<br /> Conservation(n)<br /> <br /> Bảo tồn<br /> <br /> Contour(n)<br /> <br /> Đ ư ờ n g v i ề n , đ ư ờ n g quanh, đ ư ờ n g n é t<br /> <br /> Element(n)<br /> <br /> Yếu tố<br /> <br /> Environment(n)<br /> <br /> Môi trường<br /> <br /> Erosion (n)<br /> <br /> Xói m ò n<br /> <br /> Mineral(n)<br /> <br /> Khoáng<br /> <br /> Poisoning(n)<br /> <br /> Sự đ ầ u đ ộ c<br /> <br /> Pollution(n)<br /> <br /> Ô nhiễm<br /> <br /> Preservation(n)<br /> <br /> Bảo vệ<br /> <br /> Prevention(n)<br /> <br /> Sự n g ă n ngừa<br /> <br /> Quantity<br /> <br /> Số lượng<br /> <br /> Reclaim(v)<br /> <br /> C ả i t ạ o , ( n ô n g ) k h a i hoang<br /> <br /> Resource(n)<br /> <br /> Nguồn<br /> <br /> Root(n)<br /> <br /> Gốc<br /> <br /> Rotation(n)<br /> <br /> Sự l u â n p h i ê n , q u a y<br /> <br /> Guarding(n)<br /> <br /> Bảo vệ<br /> <br /> 57<br /> <br /> Soil(n)<br /> <br /> Đt<br /> <br /> Swamp(n)<br /> <br /> Hầm<br /> <br /> Timber(n)<br /> <br /> GỖ l à m n h à , k è o , x à<br /> <br /> Waste(n)<br /> <br /> Cht t h ả i<br /> <br /> Alternative(n)<br /> <br /> Sự lựa c h ọ n<br /> <br /> Immense(adj)<br /> <br /> Lớn, khổng l ồ<br /> <br /> Mature(v)<br /> <br /> Trưởng thành<br /> <br /> Natural(adj)<br /> <br /> Tự nhiên<br /> <br /> Chiefly(adv)<br /> <br /> Chính<br /> <br /> Discard(v)<br /> <br /> Bỏ<br /> <br /> Drain(v)<br /> <br /> Làm khô<br /> <br /> Forbid(v)<br /> <br /> Cm<br /> <br /> Irrigate(v)<br /> <br /> Tưới(đt, ruộng), d ẫ n nứóc v à o<br /> <br /> Pollute(v)<br /> <br /> Làm ô nhiễm<br /> <br /> Preserve(v)<br /> <br /> Bảo tồn<br /> <br /> Retain(v)<br /> <br /> Giữ<br /> <br /> Wipe(v)<br /> <br /> Lau,chùi<br /> <br /> Particular(adj)<br /> <br /> Riêng biệt<br /> <br /> A. C O M P R E H E N S I O N<br /> A I . R e a d t h e text a n d ansvver the f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s<br /> Ì . W h a t is conservation concerned w i t h ?<br /> 2. H o w can farmers protect their land?<br /> 3. I n vvhat w a y can trees preserve land?<br /> 4. W h a t happens w h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t ?<br /> 5. W h a t are some example o f minerals taken f r o m the earth?<br /> A2. Write T betore true statements. Write F b e í o r e false statements.<br /> Ì. Most people believe thát the world's resources can never be used ú p .<br /> 2. Conservation is o n l y the s a í e g u a r d i n g o f natural resources.<br /> <br /> 58<br /> <br /> 3. Y e a r l y rotation o f crops means grovving d i f f e r e n t crops ô n<br /> <br /> the<br /> <br /> same land f r o m year to year.<br /> 4. A d d i n g fertilizers can help enrich the soil.<br /> 5. Once used ú p , minerals can be replaced.<br /> <br /> B. T H E G E R Ư N D<br /> The - I N G f o r m o f t e n acts like a verb and a n o u n át the same t i m e . ít can be<br /> f o l l o w e d by án object (e.g. i ư i t a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g svvamps) b ú t Ít can also<br /> itselí be the subject, object or complement o f a sentence.<br /> Examples:<br /> D r a i n i n g svvamps is necessary to r e c l a i m land.<br /> ( D r a i n i n g - > subject)<br /> Conservation also includes searching f o r alternative f u e l s .<br /> (Searching —> o b j e c t )<br /> Conservation is the s a í e g u a r đ i n g and preservation o f natural resources.<br /> (Saíeguarding - » complement)<br /> Farmers can protect their land by growing<br /> <br /> d i f f e r e n t crops.<br /> <br /> (Grovving - > object o f the preposition B Y )<br /> L i k e any<br /> <br /> other n o u n , the<br /> <br /> - I N G f o r m can<br /> <br /> be<br /> <br /> used w i t h an<br /> <br /> article<br /> <br /> or<br /> <br /> possessive or demonstrative adjective.<br /> The saịeguarding<br /> <br /> oi natural resources<br /> <br /> D o you m i n d m y making<br /> <br /> a suggestion?<br /> <br /> ( I n í ò r m a l : D o y o u m i n d me m a k i n g a suggestion ?)<br /> Note<br /> <br /> thát<br /> <br /> have a direct<br /> <br /> when<br /> <br /> the -ING form<br /> <br /> is usecl with<br /> <br /> an articỉe,<br /> <br /> Ít cannot<br /> <br /> usualìy<br /> <br /> obịect.<br /> <br /> The reclaiming<br /> <br /> oi land ( + n ó t the r e c l a i m i n g land)<br /> <br /> B I . M a k e s e n t e n c e s u s ỉ n g the f o l l o w i n g V - i n g ,or V - i n g p h r a s e<br /> as s u b j e c t , o b j e c t o r c o m p l e m e n t o f a s e n t e n c e<br /> Ì . Preserving natural resources<br /> <br /> 59<br /> <br />