Student agency in intercultural communicative competence development: A literature review

The paper begins with an exploration of ICC, delving into its definition, models, and the ultimate goal of developing intercultural speakers. Subsequently, it discusses pedagogical implications, with teaching approaches, assessment, and activities for fostering ICC in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. The second part of the paper delves into the concept of student agency, presenting its definition and models proposed by scholars.