Summary of doctoral thesis: Develop border gate economic zone in Vietnam northern border in terms of international economic intergration

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The objective if this thesis is to clarify the basic issues of development in terms of (BEZ) economic intergration and proposed international perspective, measures to boost growth in up coming year of (BEZ).

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Nội dung Text: Summary of doctoral thesis: Develop border gate economic zone in Vietnam northern border in terms of international economic intergration

Ministry of Education HA nOi, 2011 Works to be completed at the university of national economy University of National economy The scientific guidance: 1. Prof.Dr. PhAm Quang phan 2. Associate PROF.Dr. TrAn viEt tiEn §Ang xuAn phong Objection 1: Associate PROF.Dr. ®Ao thI phUOng liEn Develop border gate economic zone in Vietnam University of national economy northern border in terms of international economic intergration Objection 2: Associate PROF.Dr. nguyEn vAn lIch Diplomatic ACADEMY Major: Political economy Identification number number: 62 31 01 01 Objection 3: Associate PROF.Dr. trAn thI minh chAu Political Academy - National Administrative hcm The thesis will be evaluation at the council of state thesis put, meeting at university of national economy At….., date….month….year Work could be found at - National Library - University of National Economy Library 1 2
Works has been published by author related to thesis Introduction 1. The urgency of thread 1. Dang Xuan Phong (2008), “Attracting and using effectively The border provinces of northern Vietnam currently has 22 international the investment capital for development in Lao Cai”, The industry border and national. In adjacent to China, Vietnam has 7 provinces (Quang Ninh, magazine month 3 year 2008. Lang Son, Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Dien Bien) with 18 2. Dang Xuan Phong (2008), “The problem of vocational training for international border, national and 1.463 km of border lines, currently has 8 workers in 2007-2010, vision to 2020, Lao Cai province”, Economy economic gate zones (BEZ) which established by permitment from Prime and Development magazine number 129 month 3 year 2008. Minister. 3. Dang Xuan Phong (2008), “A number of measures to Since opening the border, the (BEZ) has become the a dynamic economic accelerate economic development zone of Lao Cai border gate for region to contribute actively to the conomic development of the country in general 2008-2010, Vision 2020”, Trade magazine number 6 year 2008. and in particular the border provinces, especially the system of international border 4. Dang Xuan Phong (2009), “Development of border zone economic adjacent to China. However, the development of (BEZ) in Vietnam in general and cooperation, an important solution to develop border gate the northern border (BEZ) in particular in recent years still exist, weakness, economic zones in Vietnam in terms of international particularly the issues raised in the current period when the country joined the World economic integration”, Economic and Deveopment magazine 10/2009. Trade Organisation (WTO). To meet the requirements of new situation, to fully 5. Dang Xuan Phong (2011), exploit the potential advantages of (BEZ) , the selection of topics “Theinadequacies of the economic development area borders Vietn “develop border gate economic zone in Vietnam northern border in terms of am - China in terms of international economic integration ”, Economic international economic intergration” is essential in the current period. and Deveopment magazine month 3 year 2011. 2. The situation concerning research topics The study of economic development zone (EDZ), (BEZ) in general, BEZs Vietnam - China border has attract many foreign researchers, especially the chineses economists, strengthening the role of diffuse border trade and promote new developments in economic relations, China-Vietnam Ma Tue Quynh author’s; gradually promote the economic cooperation of transnational China-Vietnam. In case of economic cooperation of transnational Dong Hung – Mong Cai of Luu Kien Van author’s 3 4
In Vietnam, related to this issues has had several academic institution and - Definition of (BEZ), development of (BEZ), inner meaning of these definition, the researchers studies, works has been published are valued both theoretical and main contents of (BEZ) development, position, the important of each content in the practical. There might be a number of works such as the border gate economic development process of (BEZ). zone along Vietnam-China border and it’s impact to the development of - Development situation of (BEZ) Vietnam border in adjacent with China at present, commodity economy in Vietnam bt Dr. Pham Van Linh, National political achievements and it’s limitation, the difficulties that prevent the development of publishing house, Hanoi, 2001; encouragement of comercial invesment in border gate (BEZ) Vietnam that adjacent to China. economic zone of Vietnam by Nguyen Manh Hung, statistic publisher, Hanoi, 2000; - Vietnam’s determination of development of (BEZ) in adjacent to China in A number of policies and urgent measures primarily aimed at developing trade upcoming years, solutions primarily to promote the development of Vietnam (BEZ) relations border Vietnam - China, a study granted by Trade ministry, year 2000; the in adjacent to China in upcoming years. economic development borders Vietnam-China in up coming period, Information Economy-Society magazine, 1st year 2003; Comercial development of economic 3. Objective, research tasks corridors Kunming-Lao Cai- Hanoi- Hai Phong, by Dr. Nguyen Van Lich, Statistics 3.1. Objective Publisher, Hanoi, 2005; the development of measures to promote trade relations The objective if this thesis is to clarify the basic issues of development in terms between Vietnam with Yunnan and Guangxi (China), a study at ministry level leaded of (BEZ) economic intergration and proposed international perspective, measures by Dr. Nguyen Van Lich, 2005. to boost growth in up coming year of (BEZ). In addition, many international conference Vietnam - China has been held as 3.2. Task “research methods for specific policy areas of economic cooperation China- Vietnam”, - Stematically the prblem of theoretical and the international experience in “ Report on feasibility studies and economic cooperation zone in Lao Cai, Vietnam - developing (BEZ) in conditions of international economic intergration. Hong Ha, China”; ”Strategic research areas of economic cooperation across border China - Vietnam”; “Cooperative economic development corridor Kunming- Lao Cai – - Analyze, evaluate the current stage of development of Vietnam (BEZ) in Hanoi - Hai Phong”; “Border trade Vietnam - China, prospects and solutions to adjacent to China in period of 2005-2010, identify the archievement, limitation promote”; “the solutions to develop two corridor and a belt economic Vietnam - China and causes of limitations. in new context”…published studies of Chinese writer and Vietnamese writer related to - Proposed perspectives and fundamental solution to further develop this subject. Vietnam (BEZ) adjacent to China in upcoming years. Overall, the studies addressed the problem of developing theoretical (BEZ), 4. Objects, scope of research indentified the location, the important of (BEZ), the situation of developing comercial 4.1. study subject activities in (BEZ). However, a number of issuses that the studies published have not been The object of this thesis research is to develop the adjacent (BEZ) Vietnam with mentioned or is mentioned but not systematically that why it is a task of this thesis topics to China in term of international economic intergration. be addressed are: 5 6
4.2. Scope of research Thesis method using expert consultation manager at all levels of state and The contents: the development of (BEZ) had a wide scope, this thesis will enterprise in BEZ. focus mainly on research and develoment of the territorial space of socio-econo 6. The sicentific contribution of the thesis. and developing economic at (BEZ), especially focus on trading, tourism, services - The most important contribution of the thesis is the idea proposed under the system impact of policies, Macro level of management and the use of development does not just stop at BEZ develop import and export trade (import local government to ensure the development of (BEZ). and export), immigration which must be built into the urban development BEZ just Spaces: There are 7 provinces of Vietnam that has the border adjacent to about to promote economic development, organised trade exhange, tourism China, Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Dien Bien và Lai development, promotion and invesment promotion, industrial development in the Chau. At 7 border provinces has 8 BEZs. In this thesis scope, had been selected 6 border provinces, both social development in regions border, to the borders dens BEZs that has been operating in six provinces to study. Specifically, BEZ Mong urban population, in to the dynamic of the border to keep the frontier, defense and Cai, Quang Ninh province; BEZ Dong Dang, Lang Son province; BEZ Lao Cai, Lao protection of the nation’s territory. Cai province; BEZ Cao Bang, Cao Bang province; BEZ Thanh Thuy, Ha Giang - Some specific contribution: province and BEZ Ma Lu Thang, Lai Chau province. Firstly,have been systematized and supplemented with distinct concept and Time frame: The studies of development BEZs adjacent China since our development of BEZ. nation open up the border up until now, the data is collected mainly from 2006- Secondly, extensive experience of BEZ development of some countries in 2010, given point, orientation of BEZs in northern border adjacent China to 2020. the world as recommendations for the development of BEZ Vietnam adjacent to 5. Methodology and research methods China. The methodology of the thesis is the method of dialectical materialism, Thirdly, assess the development status of BEZ Vietnam adjacent China historical materialism, scientific abstract at the same time based on the currently, find out the archievement, limitations and the reason behind the perspective of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh, guidelines and policies limitation of development of BEZ. Party and State in economic field to consider the subject matter. Fourdly,proposed the perspectives, development orientation of Vietnam The thesis uses survey methodology, survey information collection of BEZ adjacent China toward becoming the urban boundary and to promote primary document on the basis of interviewing 301 managers at central government economic development, social development, strengthening defence and keeping concerned provincial departments and enterprises in the province of BEZ. our border line. The thesis investigated the reported data collected from the BEZ management Fifthly, systematized recommendations a number of solutions to further and documentation of the local statistics are concerned. The thesis also inherited the promote the development of BEZ Vietnam contiguos border with China in terms works, articles and use of secondary data, reports of local related economic of international economic intergration, ensure promotion of economic efficiency, development activities in the BEZ. 7 8
contribute to political stability, maintaining national defense and security on the border, it’s include the trading activities, import-export, invesment and services border. are implementing via mechanism and policies, with the goal of improvement the 7. Structure of the thesis. efficiency of foreign economic relations and sustainable development of border gate area. Besides an introduction, conclusion, lists of refences and relevant appendices, the content of the thesis is structured in to three chapters, as follow: This perception is clearly included two core issues of BEZs: Chapter1:Theoretical basis and practical experience in economic 1) BEZs border is a space of economic territory as well as territorial space development border zone in conditions of international economic intergration on population. Chapter2: Current development status of BEZs in Northern border provinces 2) BEZs border focus mainly on economic activities via border gate as main activities. Chapter3: Orientations and solutions primarily to further develop BEZ in nothern Vietnam border. The thesis indentified that, development of BEZs is the process of improvingthe level of quality, degree of BEZs based on some assumption. It is the enlargement of econo-socio territories, increasment of trading, increased export turnover, Chapter 1 improvement sales of services..associated with restructuring the economy Theoretical basis and practical experience of development economic towards modernizing and improving the institutional economy with socialist border gate zone in international economic intergration. orientation, to expand, improve the efficiency of foreign trade relation and sustainable development of border areas. 1.1 ECONOMIC GATE ZONE AND THE ROLE OF BEZ 1.1.2. As ruled, condition of formation and development of economic gate INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERGRATION. zone. 1.1.1. The concept of economic border gate zone and development of border 1.1.2.1. As a rule of formation and development of economic border gate zone. gate economic zone. This thesis analysing the formation and development BEZs is an economic On the basis of analysis, comparing to comment on relevant concepts such as objectivity, derived from the socialized production, economic cooperation, on the Economic Zone, Industrial Zone, Export Processing Zones, Hightech Zone, basis of enhace the strenght and maximise the growth rate of each country. Non-tariff area, the cooperation border zones, border economic exchange, the 1.1.2.2. Condition of formation and development of border gate economic zone. area around the border economic corridors, economic belt development and Firstly, the infrastructure of economic-technical and economic-socio in border inherit different notions about the economy of border, this thesis noted that: gate area developed to a certain degree BEZ is a form of economic organisation, reflecting the relationship Secondly, the movement of economic activities to become centralising and upper organisation - Management. It is a economic space-social associated with the scale leading to devisionizing, specializing and formation of EGZ 9 10
Thirdly, in condition of mordern economic market, the formation and The thesis clarify the economic exchange across borders, its economic development require the guidance and management of Government. development in BEZ, it is an open concept, it is associated with commercial 1.1.3. The role of EGZ in international economic intergration activities, related to the border gate. It is point out that the main contents of economic development in BEZ including the sale and purchase of goods, Firstly, development of border gate economic zones to facilitate trading activities provision of services, trade promotion, processing trade and tourism activities in of nations in adjacent. the BEZ. Secondly, development of border gate economic zone will facilitate the 1.2.2. Assessment criteria of development of Border gate Economic Zone establisment of frienship relations of Vietnam and adjacent nation and reaching out for further. Base on contents and degree of development of BEZ, this thesis building a system of criteria are: the criteria reflect the economic territorial like total size of Thirdly, development of BEZs will facilitate the upgrading of quota trading BEZ, the main lines of activities in BEZ, the criteria reflect the development of activites across the border socio like size of population, labour force, the percentage of urban population, Fordly, development of BEZs contribute to the implementation of preferential income, quality of life, the development criteria of BEZ as economic growth in policies for people who live in border areas. trade and services, the number of people and vehicles leaving or entering the Fifthly, development of BEZs will enhace defense, security and social stability in gate, the performance of invested capital, economic structure and economic border area. restructuring, the contribution to the state budget.. 1.2. CONTENTS, ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND FACTORS AFFECT The thesis stated that, when BEZ development at higher level, there will be THE DEVELOPMENT OF BORDER GATE ECONOMIC ZONES higher trading activites within nations, higher production level which will lead to 1.2.1. The content of development of economic border gate zone additional criteria reflects the economic development as domestic trade in the BEZ, the contribution of industrial production… 1.2.1.1. Development of economic territorial and population territorial of border gate economic zones 1.2.3. Factors affect the development of Border gate Economic Zone Organising the economic territory BEZs is the determination of the The thesis indicate the factors are: geographic boundaries of BEZs to conduct economic activity. In determination, - The policies of the state of Vietnam and adjacent countries bordering with this note some issues such as: respect the sovereignty of national territory, to Vietnam. determine the type of economic activity in BEZs, in organisation of economic - Management of economic state in BEZ territorial in BEZs, should also pay attention to the types of services, trade, - The development of infrastructure systems. tourism and development of residential in border gate economic zones. - The development of enterprises in BEZ 1.2.1.2. Development of economic exchanges across border - The management capacity of state’s staff. 11 12
1.3. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF DEVEOPMENT OF Secondly, nowaday, exchange across borders not only mean merely the ECONOMIC IN BORDER GATE ZONE AND THE FINDING FOR trade activities but it’s also the new approaches to promote economic cooperation VIETNAM activities, in different form, by different way. 1.3.1. CHINA EXPERIENCE Thirdly, it is ever increasing complexity and the increasing role of This thesis will analyse the formation and development BEZ of China. economic exchanges across borders require specific policies, clearly planned for Research the specific policies of Chinese govement shall apply to economic these activities exchanges in the border region and the favorable policies of development of BEZ Fordly, the border policies needs consistency and flexibility like tax excemption, decentralising by giving power to local government, the Fifthly, the border gate economic expressing specific detail and focal state government supply an amount corresponding to the construction, repair the points border gate and also the local government used the fee of goods across the border to build , repair infrastructure, open the business operation in border area… through such policies, the chinise border BEZ thrive. Chapter 2 1.3.2. The experience of Thailand CURRENT PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT BORDER GATE ECONOMIC ZONE The thesis point out the experiences of organising trading and economic activities with adjacent countries, focus mainly on trading. The policy measures for commercial use as temporary border market, temporary checkpoints, the 2.1. THE FORMATION OF BORDER GATE ECONOMIC ZONE IN official checkpoint.. the dissertation also shows that Thailand has made NORTHERN BORDER administrative reform of customs procedures at the border is very simple. 2.1.1. Overview of natural condition, econo-socio of Nother border provinces 1.3.3. The Experience of Lao. Analysis of natural conditions, natural resources, mineral resources, The thesis presents an overview of the regulations on import and export toursim resources, population, human resources, the situation of econo-socio goods of Lao’s border with the neighboring countries, emphasizing the development of northern border provinces adjacent to China, this thesis preferential tax policy on Vietnam. identified the advantage and disadvantage of developing BEZ in northern 1.3.4. The experience gained for Vietnam border. Firstly, BEZ development toward urban border city to protect the border 2.1.2. Formation of BEZ in northern border line, improvement of econo-socio of rural areas which has disadvantage The thesis presents two BEZ development stage are: the pilot phase(1996- comparing to other province within our nation 2000) and extended period (from 2001-present). Base on that finding, it had identified there are currently 8 BEZs of nothern border adjacent with China, BEZ 13 14
Mong Cai, Bac Phong Sinh and Hoanh Mo, Quang Ninh province; BEZ Dong 7000 350 Dang, Chima, Lang Son province; BEZ Cao Bang, Cao Bang province; BEZ Lao 6000 285.7 295.8 300 Cai, Lao Cai province and BEZ Ma Lu Thang, Lai Chau province. In addition, 262 5000 250 BEZ A Pa Chai, Dien Bien is completing. 212.3 2006 4000 204.7 200 2.2. CURRENT PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT BEZ 171.4 165.5 2010 3000 150 2.2.1. Spatial development of economic and residential territory at Border 2000 100 100 gate Economic Zone 60.2 The thesis analyse the contruction of econo-residen territorial space at local 1000 11.8 20.5 50 1.0 1.7 4.9 province’s BEZ, planning and implementing of planning in land resources and 0 0 Kim Ngạch KKTCK KKTCK Lào KKTCK KKTCK Cao KKTCK KKTCK Ma numbers of jobs from the development of BEZ, replanning the residential and Xuất nhập Quảng Cai Lạng Sơn Bằng Thanh Thủy Lù Thàng khẩu Triệu Ninh. neighbourhood, invesment in techno-socio infrastructure of BEZ. The thesis USD analysed the overview of spartial development in econo-residen of each BEZ in Vietnam - China border. Fingure 2.1: Import and export Turnover at Vietnam – China BEZs 2.2.2. Current phase of econo-socio development of Northern Border gate Resources of MPI Economic Zone Secondly, immigration and toursim activities via border gate ever Firstly, there is an improvement in import-export and trading activities. increasing. The number of Chinese citizen doing businesses in Vietnam’s market There is a big leap in operation of temporarily import for reexport, transhipment and vice versa show an increasing trend. The number of companies, private and transfer. An enlargement of support trading services such as custom enterprisses, small businesses, affiliates, representatives of businesses inside and warehouse, services warehouse to furffil the need of transfer rate of enterprises. outside of province at the border area of Vietnam-China is increasing rapidly. Upgrade in market system via expansion and new contruction, formation of mall, Thirdly, business and invesment activities at BEZ be intensified dutyfree shops, bonded warehouses, the development of service facilities(banks, Fourthly, economic growth was associated with social change. From poor post office, hotels, restaurant…). That lead to further development of trade areas of the mountainous border region, argricultural economic with self- exhanges. As the results (2006-2010), import-export turnover in BEZ Vietnam - sufficiency is essential, recenttly the local BEZ Vietnam - China has many China increased 212,3% (see Figure 2.1 below) profound, became the area where the gwroth rate is high, the economic structure is completely changed. Fifthly, on contribution to state budget, the development of BEZ Vietnam - China actively contributing to revennue of local budget (see Figure 2.2 below) 15 16
2.3.1.2. Urbarnising the BEZ, job vacancies, imrpovment of salaries and reinforce defense at the border are 12000 1400 2006 An example of formation of border urbans are Mong Cai, Lang Son, Lao 9759.7 1200 10000 2010 Cai has facilitated the economic exchange, improve the image of Vietnam and Cơ cấu 2010 1000 8000 raise the profile of the country in the intergration process, contributing to 6373 800 economic restructuring and improving the material life and spiritual of 6000 600 populations around the border areas. 4000 2.3.1.3. To promote the friendship relationship between Vietnam-China 400 2000 2773.7 1500 thorugh trade cooperation, invement and tourism. 1000 200 450 400 36.7 Direct invesment from China had focused a number of border provinces in 0 1000 0 530.5 776 230 211.9 25.3 adjacent to China. Invesment and trade promotion of China to the border Tổng thu 1. KKTCK 2. KKTCK 3. KKTCK 4. KKTCK 5. KKTCK 6. KKTCK Ngân sách Quảng Lạng Sơn Lào Cai Cao bằng Thanh Ma Lù provinces of Vietnam has been strengthened. Through BEZs the Vietnam Tỷ đồng Ninh 2.2. Contribution to state budget Fingure Thủy ofThàng BEZs enterprise initially entered the Chinese market. Activities such as sightseeeing Source: author computed from Planning&Investment department of different tours, transportation including the border provinces as well as people throughout provinces the country had increased. 2.3. GENERAL REVIEW OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT NORTHERN BORDER GATE AREA 2.3.2. The shortcommings and Limitations 2.3.1. Archievement Firstly, the development of econo-socio territory zone was early phase, 2.3.1.1. Encouragement of economic development in Vietnam -China boder orientation on socio-econo territorial in shorterm, long term and strategic provinces and all provinces whithin country as a whole. development of residents was not clear. The increasement in number of BEZ is the major force in economic Secondly, economic exchange activities focus mainly on border gate area has development in border area and economic activities between Vietnam and China, some archivement but not sufficient to BEZ potential. Unstable in increasement of commercial activites, tourism activities are increasing not only the border area but economies, oprating at the small scale that was not up to potential, trade deficit also other provinces as well therefore there will be an increase in state revenue, between Vietnam and China show an inceasing trend, the quality of import-export at development of economies, strengthen the position of provinces that has BEZ and the BEZ was low, spontaneous, seasonality, provision of service and tourism also spread out to our nation development were not sturdy. Contribution to the economic growth in BEZ was not true to their potential, limitation in invesment and trade promotion, development of processing trade activites in BEZ was very weak. 17 18
Thirdly, there were no connection between BEZ therefore it became the wings” follow the example of “ axis of economic cooperation (Mainland EC) weaklink, BEZ was not plan associate with the vision of modern urban Nam Đinh - Ha Noi – The Middle Region of Vietnam - Bangkoc và Singapo, one development. axis is the cooperation of Mekong delta and the other is marine economic cooperation (Marine EC). One of the development of the West and Southwest 2.3.3. The cause of Limitation regions are cooperation of development with Vietnam through EGZ. To This thesis identified the shortfold come from different reasons such as, implement this policy, the development orientation of China’ influence our the difficult of both parties in implementing the agreement, not syncronise in development of BEZ in Northern border. immigration policies, especially Vietnam policies was not prompt adapt to Secondly, In Vietnam, our nation is promoting the development of market change to China’s policies on development of BEZ. economy, industrialisation, modernisation and urbanisation. That is require an There are some reasons related to the state management capacity on expansion of international economic exhanges across the country as well as development of BEZ that does not meet requirement; mechanisms and policies of locality in which the border is the focal BEZ connecting our country to state of Vietnam for economic development in BEZ was inadequate, international. inconsistencies in infrastructure, many important works have not been invesnted, The invesment in BEZ development, commercial development activities invesment in social of enterprise is weak, awareness of BEZ is inadequate. via BEZ are requirement but also an oopotunity for local border gate economic development. Resolution No.37 NQ/TW 1st July 2004 Ministry of Political “ Chapter 3 Orientation of eono-socio development and ensuring defense, security of Nothern Orientation and major solution to continue development of northern border midland”, proven development and BEZ area is “ an important breakthrough in gate economic zone. economic development of the provinces” 3.1. Focal point of development of border gate economic zone Thirdly, the idea of cooperation to build two galleries, one economic belt Vietnam-China is a major concern of both goverments to promote the implementaion 3.1.1. Opportunity, challenge in development of Bordergate Economic Zone within the frame work of bilateral cooperation between Vietnam and China between Vietnam and China in up coming years Fourdly, there is an increasing in trading and invesment between two 3.1.1.1. Oppotunities nation. International context and the area generally are more favourable to develop 3.1.1.2. Limitations and Challenge economic in our BEZ Firstly, China has made several important decisions, flexible, making a vibrant Firstly, china side, China is currently implementing the policy focus on economic boundaries (eg. right, favorable policy, border gate economies..) while the invesment to promote the development of west and southwest, improving respond of Vietnam was too slow uniform national development and intergration with sout east asia nations, China advocates to build a new growth point of China-ASEAN strategy “ an axis of two 19 20
Secondly, increasing in the number of competions within nations that has market economy and international economic intergration, so that the parties all borders in ASEAN while Vietnam position is quite modest compare with many benefit from development of BEZ ASEAN countries Fordly, development of BEZ must has the longterm vision, priority in Thirdly, the border line between China and Vietnam still exist difficulties in stages in accordance with specific conditions and in accordance with the direction historic and border territory. of national development. Fourdly, beside the development of economy, in the process of building Fifthlt, Development of BEZ Vietnam adjacent to China on the basis of BEZ needs to consider the security, political and complex social problem. national defense, territorial sovereignty, dealing with comercial disputes, enviromental protection. Fifthly, Vietnam still lacking a mechanism of economic development in BEZ, the coorditation of policies between Vietnam and China as well as infrastructure 3.2. DIRECTION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHERN systems including transportation, information, power supply, water supply, VIETNAM BORDER GATE PERIOD 2010-2020 warehouse .. 3.2.1. Development of econo-socio territory border gate zone Sixth, development economic at BEZ face some challenge such as With the prediction from now forworth to 2020, there will be completion expansion together with protect environment, secure national defense, improment of form and paper for BEZ, A Pa Chai-Long Phu from Dien Bien province in of education level, inner competition. operating, take into account nine BEZs Vietnam-China, with the total population 3.1.2. Focal point of economic development in Northern border gate of 515,000. The general view of coming years is to develop the northern border BEZ to 3.2.2. promotion of economic activites at BEZ become the province(territory) has the best combination of economic activities, Firstly, promoting the import-export activities. In coming years, trading politics, culture, security, defense and economic activities between Vietnam ( activites, import-export still the most prioritise in invesment and development at included the border provinces) with other countries (not just the country which has BEZ. Popuplar trend is to take advantge from the development of China to raise the border line with us). As follow: the level of import-export, limit the trade deficit, management of border trading, Firstly, development of BEZ Vietnam adjacent to China in upcoming year result the trade dispute, trade exchange in relation with equallity and accordance with the vision of urbanising BEZ to become econo-tourism BEZ with WTO. Secondly, BEZ development toward promoting economic restructuring, The thesis analysed the orientation of product categories, market restructuring industries, further attract domestic and foreign invesment positioning and size of export growth and import of goods across the BEZ Vietnam-China in coming years also suggest oriented perspective and resolve the Thirdly, Development of BEZ Vietnam adjacent to China should take trade deficit, development of border trade and the market whithin BEZ to serve economic effective, political as an important criterio, calculate the full impact of the needs from local resident and trourist cross the border in coming years. 21 22
Secondly, improving the scale and increase the level of services, tourism 3. The proportion of processing trade, industrial at BEZs production in BEZs/ value of industrial production 30 The thesis indicate, a number of direction to plan and develop the tourist in the province (%) route and major tourist sites in order to exploit the potential for tourism 4. Investment fund for development (VND Bill.) 4.929 7.782 22.275 development based on the development of BEZ, on the other hand, direction for Out of which FDI (USD mill.) 59 390 1.156 development of services such as finace, banking, logistic, telecomunition at BEZ 5. Total investment per BEZs (VND Bill.) 616 778 2.228 to provide for development of economic activities 6. Revenue (VND Bill.) 4.648 7.723 16.275 Thirdly, strengthen activites to promote trade and invesment. The thesis points out the direction to improve the efficiency of trade promotion and local Out of which Import and export Tax (VND Bill.) 1.258 2.300 5.100 invesment activities in the coming years. % Import and export tax/Revenue 27 30 31 Fordly, the thesis suggest the processes, time line of commercial and 7. Revenue/ man (VND Mill.) 32,4 42,7 72,5 industrial development in BEZ. The theis identify that this is an important matter to Resources form MPI (2008) implement strategies to develop BEZ as Urbans for country. 3.3. MAJOR SOLUTIONS TO CONTINUE THE DEVELOPMENT OF On that basis, the thesis predict a number of guidline in economic NORTHERN VIETNAM BEZ development of BEZ Vietnam adjacent China up to 2020 as follow: 3.3.1. Completion of spatial planning of territorial socio-econo zones at Table 3.1: Estimated some main economic development indexes of Vietnam – bodergate. China Border Gate Economic Zones forwards 2020 On the notion of approved plan, the thesis point out a number of solution such as syncronise the building of infastructure inside and outside of BEZ, stablise the size of Index 2006 2010 2020 BEZ. Explaning the specific issues for each planing of nothern boder BEZ. The thesis 1. Import - export Turnover (USD mill.) 2.102 10.000 25.000 finding that must prioritising in invesment in BEZ which has the most important feature as 1st in economic axis inter-regional and international such as Mong Cai, Lao - Export (USD mill.) 1.076 4.000 10.000 Cai và Lang Son. - Import (USD mill.) 1.026 6.000 15.000 3.3.2. Further improve import-export, immigration policies at BEZs 2. Immigration (Thousand mantimes) 423 600 1.000 The thesis examplise the specific issues for compleation of export-import, - Exit (Thousand mantimes) 83 120 250 entry-exit border gate, temporary residence in BEZ. - Entry (Thousand mantimes) 340 480 750 3.3.3. Evolutions in building and improving the technical infrastructure for economic development at BEZs 23 24
The thesis recomment the syncronising in building the infrastructure, The thesis state that in order to enhance defense, security at BEZs need to include the technical, social, eg. infrastructure. Promote the diversification of actively participate in economic development-economic society in the border capital invesment to build infrastructure projects with the appropriate areas with more suitable form such as economic zone, national defense, increase mechansims. the population in border area, coordination mechanism between the forces 3.3.4. Intensify the campaign to promote invesment and diversify the source associated with activities within border of our country and between Vietnam- of capital invesment on Border gate Economic Zone China, increase the mass movement of national security protection, planing, repositioning the border protection. The thesis proposal the forms and measures to promote the invesment and diversification of invesments on developing BEZ, under the direction of 3.3.8. To raise awareness, strenghten the implementation of the minimizing the involvement of the state, creating favorable opportunities and assigment, decentralisation and coordination in the management of the average level for other components involved in economic development in BEZ. state Border gate Economic Zones. Improvement in management skill of BEZ management board and local - Continue to implement stronger decentralisation to the Provincial authorities People’s Committee 3.3.5. Improved initiative, promoting the application of technologies and - Grasping and syncronising between the ministries, department, provincial enhance the competitiveness of Vietnam enterprise people’s committees in organisasing and directing. The thesis suggestion with business enterprise needs to adapt to change, exploit the favourable terms in free trade ASEAN – China (ACFTA), make a strong connection with the authorities monitoring the bi-lateral trade, change to newer technologies and stae of art design, furfill the ever increase of needs of Chinese market. 3.3.6. Improving the quality of human resources, enhance enviromental protection in order to develop border gate economic zone towards sustainable - Promote training and retaining, development of human resources for economic development in the BEZ - Promoting the enviromental protection in BEZ. 3.3.7. Strenghten the national defense at BEZ 25 26
INCONCLUSION Economic development in the border gate economic zoneis an emerging problem in the process of economic development, increasingly show it’s strategic position in the development of econo-socio of nations that has the borderline. However, until now, many theoretical issues are still very new In our country, there are 7 provinces adjacent to China (Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Dien Bien) with eighteen international border gates and there are eight BEZs approved by Vietnam Prime Minister. These BEZs are becoming a major force in contributing in economic development of border provinces adjacent with China in particular and our country in general, but it is only an early stage, still exit the problems, limitations in the current phase when Vietnam joint WTO. Therefore, the selection of thesis “ developing the border gate economic zone of northern border in term of international economic intergration” is necessary in theory and pratice. The thesis gives an general over view of theoretical and practical experience in developing BEZs. Analyse the formation and development of BEZs between Vietnam and China, find out the achievements, constrains and limitations of BEZ development. On that basis, that had proposed to set direction and develop solution for BEZ Vietnam adjacent to China in coming years. The overall concept of the thesis is to develop not only import-export, trade development, immigration but turning it in to uban EGZ to promote economic development, trade organisation, exchange, tourism, promotion in invesment, industrial development but also develop in sicial, turning border gate into driven force and concentration of population in border area to protect national security, national defense and political. 27