Ganglioside

Prosaposin is a neurotrophic factor that has been demonstrated to mediate trophic signalling events in different cell types; it distributes to surface membranes of neural cells and also exists as a secreted protein in different body fluids. Prosaposin was demonstrated to form tightly bound complexes with a variety of gangliosides, and a functional role has been suggested for ganglioside–prosaposin complexes.

10p research12 29-04-2013 43 5   Download

Campylobacter jejuniinfections are one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis and are suspected of being a pre-cursor to Guillain–Barre´ and Miller–Fisher syndromes. Recently, the complete genome sequence ofC. jejuniNCTC 11168wasdescribed. In this study, themolecular structureof the lipooligosaccharide and capsular polysaccharide of C. jejuniNCTC 11168 was investigated. The lipooligosac-charide was shown to exhibit carbohydrate structures anal-ogous to the GM1a and GM2 carbohydrate epitopes of human gangliosides (shown below)...

18p tumor12 22-04-2013 41 2   Download

Gangliosideshavebeen found toreside inglycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEM) of the plasma membrane and to be involved in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr or ErbB1) activity.To gain further insight into the mechanisms involved in EGFr modulation by gangliosides, we investigated the distribution of EGFr family members in the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cells, which were genetically modified to express different gan-glioside molecules or depleted of glycolipids.

10p dell39 03-04-2013 43 5   Download

The GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) is an essential cofactor for the degradation of ganglioside GM2 by lyso-somal b-hexosaminidase A. It mediates the interaction between the water-soluble exohydrolase and its membrane-bound substrate at the lipid–water interphase. Inherited defects in the gene encoding this glycoprotein result ina fatal neurological storage disorder, the AB variant of GM2-gangliosidosis. To elucidate the mode of action of this gly-coprotein cofactor, we synthesized the two photoaffinity labels [ 14 C]C3 -TPD-GM2 and [ 14 C]C7 -TPD-GM2. ...

14p dell39 03-04-2013 61 4   Download

We have investigated the conformational changes of New-castle disease virus (NDV) glycoproteins in response to receptor binding, using 1,1-bis(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) as a hydrophobicity-sensitive probe. Temperature- and pH-dependent conformational changes were detected in the presence of free bovine gan-gliosides. The fluorescence of bis-ANS was maximal at pH 5.

8p dell39 03-04-2013 41 4   Download

We analyzed the role of gangliosides in the association of the ErbB2 recep-tor tyrosine-kinase (RTK) with lipid rafts in mammary epithelial HC11 cells. Scanning confocal microscopy experiments revealed a strict ErbB2– GM3 colocalization in wild-type cells. In addition, analysis of membrane fractions obtained using a linear sucrose gradient showed that ErbB2, epi-

10p inspiron33 26-03-2013 58 5   Download

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids present on mam-malian plasma membranes, where they participate in cell-surface events such as modulation of growth factor receptors and cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Antibodies to gangliosides have been associated with a wide range of clinically identifiable acute and chronic neuropathy syn-dromes.

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The GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) is an essential cofactor for the lyso-somal degradation of ganglioside GM2 by b-hexosaminidase A (HexA). It mediates the interaction between the water-soluble exohydrolase and its membrane-embedded glycolipid substrate at the lipid–water interface. Functional deficiencies in this protein result in a fatal neurological storage disorder, the AB variant of GM2 gangliosidosis.

10p inspiron33 26-03-2013 51 4   Download

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids mainly present at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, where they participate in recogni-tion and signalling activities. The synthesis of gangliosides is carried out in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus by a complex system of glycosyltrans-ferases.

14p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 41 3   Download

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent protein toxins for humans. There are seven serotypes of BoNTs (A–G), based on a lack of cross-antiserum neutralization. The BoNT⁄C and BoNT⁄D serotypes include mosaic toxins that are organized as D–C and C–D toxins.

11p cosis54 04-01-2013 35 3   Download