Proapoptotic

Viral subversion of apoptosis regulation plays an important role in the outcome of host⁄virus interactions. Although human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes several immediate early (IE) antiapoptotic proteins (IE1, IE2, vMIA and vICA), no proapoptotic HCMV protein has yet been iden-tified. Here we show that US28, a functional IE HCMV-encoded chemo-kine receptor, which may be involved in both viral dissemination and immune evasion, constitutively induces apoptosis in several cell types.

15p fptmusic 11-04-2013 38 1   Download

Nucling is an Apaf1-binding proapoptotic protein involved in apoptosome-mediated apoptosis. Luciferase assays have revealed that the activation of nuclear factor-jB induced by tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1band lipopolysaccharide is downregulated by the overexpression of Nucling in HEK293 cells.

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Monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factorb (MNSFb) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the ubiquitin-like family that has been implicated in various biological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that MNSFbcovalently binds to the intracellular proapoptotic protein Bcl-G in cells of the macrophage cell line Raw264.7, suggesting involvement of this ubiquitin-like protein in apoptosis.

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14-3-3 is a family of proteins comprising several isoforms that, in many cases, promote cell survival by association with proapoptotic proteins. This study was designed to obtain further understanding of the 14-3-3 role in apoptosis regulation, by analyzing apoptosis-related protein–14-3-3 interactions.

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Thymoquinone, a naturally derived agent, has been shown to possess anti-oxidant, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities. In the present study, we explored thymoquinone effects on the proteasomal complex, the major system involved in the removal of damaged, oxidized and misfolded pro-teins.

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Although thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent promoters of adipogenesis in the preadipocyte, they induce apoptosis in several other cell types, such as cancer cells, endothelial cells and T-lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the proapoptotic effect of TZDs in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which express high levels of the peroxisome proliferator-acti-vated receptor-c (PPARc) protein.

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Pancreaticb-cell dysfunction is a prerequisite for the development of type 2 diabetes. Alcoholism is a diabetes risk factor and ethanol increases oxida-tive stress in b-cells, whereas the mitochondrial chaperone prohibitin (PHB) has antioxidant effects in several cell types.

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Anthrax lethal toxin triggers death in some cell types, such as macrophages, and causes a variety of cellular dysfunctions in others. Collectively, these effects dampen the innate and adaptive immune systems to allowBacillus anthracis to survive and proliferate in the mammalian host.

9p mobifone23 18-01-2013 33 3   Download