Quanta of light

Ebook "Non-relativistic QED theory of the van der waals dispersion interaction" provides details of the calculation of the interaction between two neutral polarizable atoms or molecules using molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED). To better understand the origin of this force, it briefly outlines molecular QED theory, the well-known van der Waals dispersion potential first evaluated by Casimir and Polder, who accounted for retardation effects.

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Ebook "Radiometry in modern scientific experiments" is provided with information about methods of calibration of light sources and photodetectors as well as responsiveness of spectral instruments ranging from near infrared to vacuum UV spectral, 1200 – 100 nm, and radiation intensities of up to several quanta per second in absolute and arbitrary units. The author describes for the first time original methods of measurements they created and draws upon over 40 years of experience in working with light sources and detectors to provide accurate and precise measurements.

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Lecture Physical science: Chapter 4 provide students with content about: classical physics; quanta of energy; bohr model of Hydrogen atom; particle-wave duality; heisenberg uncertainty principle; schrodinger equation;... Please refer to the detailed lecture content!

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LCD basically consists of a layer of liquid crystal, sandwiched between two polarizing plates. The polarizers are aligned perpendicular to each other (one vertical and the other horizontal), so that the light incident on the first polarizer will be blocked by the second. This is because a polarizer plate only passes photons (quanta of light) with their electric fields aligned parallel to the polarizing direction of that plate.

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The light phase of photosynthesis is considered a joint operation of 2 functional pigment–protein complexes: A light harvesting antenna, absorbing sunlight in a wide spectral range, and a reaction center, utilizing the energy of absorbed light quanta in photochemical charge separation reactions.

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