A study on farmers attitude and preference towards export of agricultural products in selected districts of Tamilnadu

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Agriculture occupies a central position in the Indian economy. It contributes 29.4 percent of GDP, employing 64 percent of the country's workforce. Food price volatility has had a dramatic impact on the food security of poor households in developing countries.

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Nội dung Text: A study on farmers attitude and preference towards export of agricultural products in selected districts of Tamilnadu

International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 8, Issue 3, May–June 2017, pp.143–147, Article ID: IJM_08_03_015 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=8&IType=3 Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.1920 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 © IAEME Publication A STUDY ON FARMERS ATTITUDE AND PREFERENCE TOWARDS EXPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF TAMILNADU R. Priya Dharshini Research Scholar, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Dr. P. Abirami Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Management Studies, MNM Jain Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT Agriculture occupies a central position in the Indian economy. It contributes 29.4 percent of GDP, employing 64 percent of the country's workforce. Food price volatility has had a dramatic impact on the food security of poor households in developing countries. Equally serious has been the impact of long-term trends such as a slowdown of agricultural productivity growth, urbanization and an increasingly sophisticated supply chain. These changes have led farmers to focus on exports and other means of commercialization for better returns. For this a positive attitude of farmers towards farm management and export benefits is essential. With this back ground, the present study is taken up with the rigor. Key words: Agriculture, Indian economy, Agriculture Product, Farmer. Cite this Article: R. Priya Dharshini and Dr. P. Abirami, A Study on Farmers Attitude and Preference Towards Export of Agricultural Products in Selected Districts of Tamilnadu. International Journal of Management, 8 (3), 2017, pp. 143–147. http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=8&IType=3 1. INTRODUCTION This study explored and described the farmers’ attitudes towards farming and export preferences in three districts of Tamil Nadu state in India, namely, Villupuram, Thiruvannamalai and Kancheepuram. It examined the farmers’ personal characteristics, determined their overall attitude towards farming and how this attitude varied based on their personal characteristics. Six hundred farmers from the three districts on the basis of quota sampling are targeted and formed the sample. The study revealed that majority of the farmers were middle aged, formal education or with primary education, had 8-10 years of experience in farming and had a farm size of 2-10 acres. A majority of the respondents were found to http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 143 editor@iaeme.com
R. Priya Dharshini and Dr. P. Abirami have a favourable attitude towards farming after 2015 heavy rains and floods in the state of Tamilnadu. The farming interest has increased due to change in the availability of irrigation water through increased level of ground water. In addition, the connectivity to markets and the logistics availability and accessibility is increased over a period of time in the sample districts. Education, family type and average size of the farm land were found to have a negative and significant association with attitude. Introducing basic scientific concepts in farming, irrigation and export mechanism with simplified procedures is advised to enhance the farming attitude and export attitude among the farmers in the sample area in the state of Tamil Nadu. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Attitudes’ may be thought of as favourable or unfavourable dispositions and can be measured in abstract and qualitative terms. Hogg & Vaughan (2005) define an attitude as "a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols" (p. 150). In considering the significance of attitudes, characterised in this way, to environmental management, it is important to keep in mind three important observations about the link between attitudes and action in this context. First, attitudes do not just appear sui generis. They are formed or constructed, and the factors that influence the formation or construction of attitudes are of as much interest to social scientists as the attitudes themselves. According to the American Society of Agronomy (ASA, 1989) agriculture is considered as sustainable when over the long term it (i) enhances environmental quality and the resource base on which agriculture depends, (ii) provides for basic human food and fiber needs, (iii) is economically viable, and (iv) enhances the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole (Betts et al., 2004 and Veisi et al., 2010). According to the 1990 Farm Bill, sustainable agriculture is an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long- term, satisfy human food and fiber needs; enhance the environmental quality and natural resources base upon which the agriculture economy depends; make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate natural biological cycles and controls; sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole (Veisi et al., 2011). 3. RESEARCH GAP IDENTIFIED After reviewing the literature available on farming and its associated dimensions the following gaps were identified. • The farmers attitudes towards farming, sustainability, technology, environmental conservation, safety, methods of innovation, crop patterns and other aspects like marketing of commodities are widely reviewed and found that, there is no direct study focusing on the farmers attitude and preferences towards exports in India or in the state of Tamilnadu. • Majority of the studies reviewed in the literature belongs to western countries and very few are from India. Hence, the present study is titled as “Farmer’s Attitude and preferences towards exports of selected agricultural products in selected districts of tamilnadu”. http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 144 editor@iaeme.com
A Study on Farmers Attitude and Preference Towards Export of Agricultural Products in Selected Districts of Tamilnadu 4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The present study is conducted with the following objectives: • To study the Profile of farmers, farming patterns among the farmers in the sample area. • To find the degree of attitude and preferences towards farming and export of agricultural products among the farmers in the sample area. • To identify the measures to improve the farming attitude and export preferences among the farmers in the sample area. 5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The study is mainly based on both Primary and secondary .Primary data which was collected from the 600 farmers selected on quota sampling basis from Thiruvannamalai, villupuram and Kancheepuram districts in the state of Tamilnadu. From each district 200 samples were estimated and targeted to meet in person by visiting the villages the farmers for the purpose of survey were chosen according to the simple random sampling method. Table 1 showing the structure of the questionnaire along with the nature of questions Type of Part with description Scaling Question method MCQs Part-I: Profile of the Farmers in the sample area Nominal Scaling(1-5) Statements Part-V: Variables affecting the farming attitude and its dimensions Likert’s Frontier Mentality Scaling Appreciation of Nature Benefits of Farming(Positive) Attitude towards leaving the farms Drawbacks in farming(Negative) Satisfaction with the farm life Relationship with the land Five point scaling indication Strongly Agree-5 to Strongly disagree-1 Data analysis using Friedman test Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between attitude of farming and educational qualification. Table 2 Educational Qualification Graduat F value P value High e and Illiterate Primary School HSc above Frontier Mean 30.33 33.38 34.38 36.08 33.77 2.256 .062 Mentality SD (14.92) (13.41) (14.31) (12.03) (13.53) Appreciatio Mean 22.95 25.70 25.95 28.23 26.30 3.719 .005 n of Nature SD (10.78) (9.51) (10.30) (8.92) (9.23) Benefits of Mean 23.66 27.61 26.55 30.14 27.28 5.547 .000 Farming SD (11.04) (9.72) (9.95) (8.64) (9.33) Leaving Mean 17.96 17.62 15.65 15.64 14.42 6.912 .000 their Farms http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 145 editor@iaeme.com
R. Priya Dharshini and Dr. P. Abirami SD (6.31) (6.34) (5.98) (6.55) (6.47) Drawbacks Mean 5.626 0.000 18.66 17.28 16.29 15.90 15.64 ofFarming SD (5.37) (4.99) (5.66) (5.77) (5.17) Satisfaction Mean with farm 26.22 29.34 30.85 32.57 31.59 8.510 .000 Life SD (9.53) (8.15) (9.82) (8.18) (7.62) Relationshi Mean 7.346 0.000 p with the 21.93 24.56 25.68 26.61 26.64 Land Factor Analysis-4 Communalities Table 3 Suggestions to improve export attitude among farmers Extractio Initial n Removal of licensing system for export of agriculture commodities 1.000 .890 Rural export logistic network establishment and implementation 1.000 .632 Rural logistics for improving storage facilitates and export 1.000 .979 Advanced farm technology mission to improve farm production and 1.000 .830 surplus Rural export Corporation to procure from farmers and export 1.000 .785 Protection for export value realization and advance payments for 1.000 .826 exports. Export insurance and free claim settlement mechanism 1.000 .839 Improving the awareness on export procedures and benefits 1.000 .979 Removal of political and beaureucracy in export of agriculture 1.000 .822 goods. Zero tax on agriculture exports and farm inputs import 1.000 .882 6. LIMITATIONS • The present study is conducted only in the state of Tamilnadu covering three districts namely, Thiruvannamalai, villupuram and Kancheepuram, and the prime focus in on major panchayats and village development blocks in the sample area. • The sample size is restricted to only 600 and the prime focus is given to farming farmers cultivating nonperishable goods only. • Other segments in agriculture are not included .cattle and livestock, poultry, Sericulture are excluded from the study. 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Agriculture is noble occupation in India. There is more than 65 percent of the population is living in India and depending on the agriculture and farming activities, self sustainability either in food grains or in commercial crops is highly achieved but Market access and reaping complete profits was not possible until now. The base reasons for the same could be lack of storage facilities, lack of proper price fixation policy, rapid growth of urbanization and migration of farmers and small and marginal farmers from rural to urban for employment. The large scale farmers too, restricting the farming activities due to http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 146 editor@iaeme.com
A Study on Farmers Attitude and Preference Towards Export of Agricultural Products in Selected Districts of Tamilnadu monsoon failures, crop diseases, and poor availability of labour and low level of margin from the produce. In addition, the input subsidies and investment incentives from the banks are not received by the farmers in time. The role of government in crop insurance and protection of farmers from risk of loss due to calamities is nil. The scenario is slowly changing and in the years to come with the betterment of the farming attitude farmers will have produced more to have a market surplus for exports. This can help in getting better margins to the farmers and to have sustainable growth in agriculture sector. REFERENCES [1] Prof. Shrikant Waghulkar, Dr. Kumardatt Ganjre, Pro f. Nitesh Behare and Prof. Niranjan Diwan, A Feasibility Study for Online Marketing of Agricultural Greenhouse Products W.R.T. Pune District, International Journal of Management, 8(1), 2017, pp. 98–110. [2] Dr. A. Sivagami and R. Samundeeswari. The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural Practices in Thanjavur District. International Journal of Management , 7(2), 2016, pp. 747-753 [3] K.N. Mohamed Fazil & D. Kumar, “Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Labourers’ Livelihood Diversi fication and Food Insecurity”. International Journal of Management (IJM), 6(1), 2015, pp 438–442 [4] Suyash B.Kamble, I.D.Burase, Avinash R.Kharat and Amol A.Nannikar, Development of Pedal Operated Unit for Agricultural Use. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp. 267–280 [5] Dr. A. Sivagami and R. Samundeeswari. The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural Practices in Thanjavur District. International Journal of Management, 7(2), 2016, pp. 747-753 http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 147 editor@iaeme.com