Alm os programming bible

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Programming Bible

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Palm OS ® Programming Bible
Palm OS ® Programming Bible Lonnon R. Foster IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. An International Data Group Company Foster City, CA ✦ Chicago, IL ✦ Indianapolis, IN ✦ New York, NY
Palm OS® Programming Bible For general information on IDG Books Worldwide’s Published by books in the U.S., please call our Consumer Customer IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. Service department at 800-762-2974. For reseller An International Data Group Company information, including discounts and premium 919 E. Hillsdale Blvd., Suite 400 sales, please call our Reseller Customer Service Foster City, CA 94404 department at 800-434-3422. www.idgbooks.com (IDG Books Worldwide Web site) For information on where to purchase IDG Books Copyright © 2000 IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. All Worldwide’s books outside the U.S., please contact rights reserved. No part of this book, including our International Sales department at 317-596-5530 interior design, cover design, and icons, may be or fax 317-572-4002. reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means For consumer information on foreign language (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) translations, please contact our Customer Service without the prior written permission of the publisher. department at 800-434-3422, fax 317-572-4002, or ISBN: 0-7645-4676-7 e-mail rights@idgbooks.com. Printed in the United States of America For information on licensing foreign or domestic rights, please phone +1-650-653-7098. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For sales inquiries and special prices for bulk 1B/QW/RR/QQ/FC quantities, please contact our Order Services Distributed in the United States by IDG Books department at 800-434-3422 or write to the Worldwide, Inc. address above. Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc. for Canada; For information on using IDG Books Worldwide’s by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United books in the classroom or for ordering examination Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG copies, please contact our Educational Sales Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia department at 800-434-2086 or fax 317-572-4005. Publishing Corporation Pty. Ltd. for Australia and For press review copies, author interviews, or New Zealand; by TransQuest Publishers Pte Ltd. for other publicity information, please contact our Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Hong Public Relations department at 650-653-7000 or Kong; by Gotop Information Inc. for Taiwan; by ICG fax 650-653-7500. Muse, Inc. for Japan; by Intersoft for South Africa; by Eyrolles for France; by International Thomson For authorization to photocopy items for Publishing for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland; corporate, personal, or educational use, please by Distribuidora Cuspide for Argentina; by LR contact Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood International for Brazil; by Galileo Libros for Chile; Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, or fax 978-750-4470. by Ediciones ZETA S.C.R. Ltda. for Peru; by WS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Computer Publishing Corporation, Inc., for the Foster, Lonnon R., 1972- Philippines; by Contemporanea de Ediciones for Palm OS programming Bible / Lonnon R. Foster. Venezuela; by Express Computer Distributors for p. cm. the Caribbean and West Indies; by Micronesia ISBN 0-7645-4676-7 (alk. paper) Media Distributor, Inc. for Micronesia; by Chips 1. Palm OS. 2. PalmPilot (Computer)--Programming. Computadoras S.A. de C.V. for Mexico; by Editorial I. Title. Norma de Panama S.A. for Panama; by American QA76.76.O63 F685 2000 Bookshops for Finland. 005.26'8--dc21 00-044954 LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR HAVE USED THEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS BOOK. THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS PARAGRAPH. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES OR WRITTEN SALES MATERIALS. THE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN AND THE OPINIONS STATED HEREIN ARE NOT GUARANTEED OR WARRANTED TO PRODUCE ANY PARTICULAR RESULTS, AND THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES. Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. IDG Books Worldwide is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. is a registered trademark or trademark under exclusive license to IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. from International Data Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries.
Welcome to the world of IDG Books Worldwide. IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., is a subsidiary of International Data Group, the world’s largest publisher of computer-related information and the leading global provider of information services on information technology. IDG was founded more than 30 years ago by Patrick J. McGovern and now employs more than 9,000 people worldwide. IDG publishes more than 290 computer publications in over 75 countries. More than 90 million people read one or more IDG publications each month. Launched in 1990, IDG Books Worldwide is today the #1 publisher of best-selling computer books in the United States. We are proud to have received eight awards from the Computer Press Association in recognition of editorial excellence and three from Computer Currents’ First Annual Readers’ Choice Awards. Our best- selling ...For Dummies® series has more than 50 million copies in print with translations in 31 languages. IDG Books Worldwide, through a joint venture with IDG’s Hi-Tech Beijing, became the first U.S. publisher to publish a computer book in the People’s Republic of China. In record time, IDG Books Worldwide has become the first choice for millions of readers around the world who want to learn how to better manage their businesses. Our mission is simple: Every one of our books is designed to bring extra value and skill-building instructions to the reader. Our books are written by experts who understand and care about our readers. The knowledge base of our editorial staff comes from years of experience in publishing, education, and journalism — experience we use to produce books to carry us into the new millennium. In short, we care about books, so we attract the best people. We devote special attention to details such as audience, interior design, use of icons, and illustrations. And because we use an efficient process of authoring, editing, and desktop publishing our books electronically, we can spend more time ensuring superior content and less time on the technicalities of making books. You can count on our commitment to deliver high-quality books at competitive prices on topics you want to read about. At IDG Books Worldwide, we continue in the IDG tradition of delivering quality for more than 30 years. You’ll find no better book on a subject than one from IDG Books Worldwide. John Kilcullen Chairman and CEO IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. Eighth Annual Eleventh Annual Computer Press Computer Press Awards 1992 Ninth Annual Tenth Annual Awards 1995 Computer Press Computer Press Awards 1993 Awards 1994 IDG is the world’s leading IT media, research and exposition company. Founded in 1964, IDG had 1997 revenues of $2.05 billion and has more than 9,000 employees worldwide. IDG offers the widest range of media options that reach IT buyers in 75 countries representing 95% of worldwide IT spending. IDG’s diverse product and services portfolio spans six key areas including print publishing, online publishing, expositions and conferences, market research, education and training, and global marketing services. More than 90 million people read one or more of IDG’s 290 magazines and newspapers, including IDG’s leading global brands — Computerworld, PC World, Network World, Macworld and the Channel World family of publications. IDG Books Worldwide is one of the fastest-growing computer book publishers in the world, with more than 700 titles in 36 languages. The “...For Dummies®” series alone has more than 50 million copies in print. IDG offers online users the largest network of technology-specific Web sites around the world through IDG.net (http://www.idg.net), which comprises more than 225 targeted Web sites in 55 countries worldwide. International Data Corporation (IDC) is the world’s largest provider of information technology data, analysis and consulting, with research centers in over 41 countries and more than 400 research analysts worldwide. IDG World Expo is a leading producer of more than 168 globally branded conferences and expositions in 35 countries including E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo), Macworld Expo, ComNet, Windows World Expo, ICE (Internet Commerce Expo), Agenda, DEMO, and Spotlight. IDG’s training subsidiary, ExecuTrain, is the world’s largest computer training company, with more than 230 locations worldwide and 785 training courses. IDG Marketing Services helps industry-leading IT companies build international brand recognition by developing global integrated marketing programs via IDG’s print, online and exposition products worldwide. Further information about the company can be found at www.idg.com. 1/26/00
Credits Acquisitions Editors Media Development Specialists John Osborn Megan Decraene Greg Croy Brock Bigard Project Editor Project Coordinators Eric Newman Joe Shines Danette Nurse Technical Editor JB Parrett Graphics and Production Specialists Robert Bihlmayer Copy Editors Jude Levinson Mildred Sanchez Michael Lewis S. B. Kleinman Victor Pérez-Varela Ramses Ramirez Permissions Editor Jessica Montgomery Quality Control Technician Dina F Quan Media Dev. Manager Laura Carpenter Illustrators Rashell Smith Media Dev. Supervisor Karl Brandt Rich Graves Gabriele McCann Senior Permissions Editor Proofreading and Indexing Carmen Krikorian York Production Services Media Dev. Coordinator Cover Image Marisa Pearman Evan Deerfield About the Author Lonnon R. Foster is a freelance programmer who has spent the past seven years cre- ating desktop applications, database front ends, Web sites, communications software, technical documentation, and handheld applications. He has been developing Palm OS applications almost as long as the platform has existed, starting with his first Pilot 5000. Lonnon fills his sparse free time with tactical tabletop gaming, recreational Perl coding, and reading everything he can get his hands on.
For Elisabeth, who believed from the very start that I could do it
Foreword I n 1992, Palm Computing (now Palm, Inc.) was founded. The rest is history. Of course, there’s a lot more to it. Many good decisions were made, and many bad designs were thrown out. Palm started as a software company intending to influence existing handheld manufacturers with its easy-to-use software and synchronization technologies. The company soon realized two things. The first was that the hard- ware manufacturers didn’t seem to believe in Palm’s philosophy. The second was that it was difficult to make a viable business just writing software for this small market. Palm realized that its first take at this company was not the right one and decided to become the master of its destiny. The name was Pilot. Palm changed the focus of its business virtually overnight. This is a lot like in development, where you find that the first take is rarely the best one. I have often gone back through my code and discovered some wacky designs. Only then do I discover the best architectural design, giving me fewer bugs and the best feature set. In Palm, this is known as the sweet spot and it is a zone that few developers enter and fewer leave successfully. However, Palm not only entered this zone, it now owns it. This accounts for most of Palm’s success. There are more powerful devices out there (PocketPC), and there are more connected ones (Cybiko). Yet all of those devices combined still do not add up to the amount of devices that Palm has shipped. Why? Because Palm has found the sweet spot, the spot where functionality and ease of use conflict, and difficult decisions are made to remove functionality (something that even Microsoft hasn’t realized). Other companies have discovered this zone and understand what is necessary in the handheld market. That’s the reason why these very wise compa- nies have licensed the Palm OS. Companies like Sony, Handspring, and Symbol have all realized the importance of Palm’s philosophy, where ease of use and power are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and where the end-user experience is always top notch. At this writing, there are more than 100,000 Palm OS developers. This development community is as diverse as the world of computing: from high school kids writing in Basic to skilled university researchers writing in C, from enterprise developers writing in Java to commercial developers writing in C++. From Iceland to Argentina, these developers have realized not only that Palm is the best-selling handheld in the world but also that the Palm OS is an open operating system, intuitive to pro- gram and very clearly documented. I don’t expect to see developers evangelize the virtues of Palm OS® Programming Bible, but they should. Lonnon Foster has proven that he understands not only the fundamentals of Palm OS programming
x Foreword but the sweet spot of writing as well. This book covers everything from building forms and menus to programming sounds and color. The examples are complete yet amazingly simple. Not only will you learn to program the Palm OS, you will understand the philosophy that has made Palm successful, and in doing so, I hope that you will be successful too. Phillip B. Shoemaker Director, Development Tools Palm, Inc.
Preface T he convenience, power, and ease of use of Palm OS handheld devices make them attractive to a wide variety of users. Handheld devices running the Palm OS have found their way into the shirt pockets of doctors, lawyers, sales personnel, business professionals, and other segments of society not normally given to using small electronic gadgetry. With more than 100,000 registered developers, the Palm OS has also proven to be popular with software authors, which is where this book comes in. Palm OS® Programming Bible will show you how to create applications for Palm’s popular line of handheld organizers, as well as third-party devices that also run the Palm OS. In addition, this book covers creation of Web clipping applications for the Palm VII/VIIx (and other wireless-equipped Palm OS handhelds) to allow wireless connection to the Internet. You will also find material on writing conduit programs to synchronize data between a Palm OS handheld and a desktop computer. Whether you are a developer for a large organization that is integrating Palm OS handhelds into its sales force or a hobbyist who wants to get the most from your organizer, you will find this book to be a useful guide to creating software for the Palm OS platform. The primary focus of this book is Palm OS development in the C language, using CodeWarrior for Palm Computing Platform or the GNU PRC-Tools as a development environment. Other tools exist for developing Palm OS applications (and an overview of other such tools is available in the appendixes), but these two environments are popular with the largest developer audience, and they offer the most complete access to the many features of the Palm OS and the handhelds that run it. Who Should Read This Book This book was written with the experienced C programmer in mind. If you know nothing at all about Palm OS programming, this book will get you started with the fundamentals, teaching you how the Palm OS works, showing you the tools avail- able for Palm OS development, and providing you with tips to make your own applications work seamlessly within Palm’s programming guidelines. Even if you already have delved into the world of creating Palm OS applications, you will find this book a useful resource, because it covers almost every aspect of Palm OS development in depth. The Palm OS is very large, and this book can serve as a guide to exploring those parts of the operating system that you have not yet dealt with.
xii Preface If you wish to create Web clipping applications for the Palm VII/VIIx, you will need to know the basics of HTML and Web page creation to make the Palm Query Applications (PQAs) that reside on the handheld and provide a client-side connec- tion to the Internet. To create the server side of a Web clipping application, you will need to be familiar with some sort of system for creating dynamic Web content, such as Perl CGI or Active Server Pages. Conduit programming requires knowledge of C++, as well as a working knowledge of how to create desktop applications for either Windows or the Mac OS. How This Book Is Organized This book is organized into seven parts, plus four appendixes. Part I: Getting Started This first part of the book discusses the philosophy behind the Palm OS and intro- duces fundamental concepts behind the inner workings of the operating system. Part II: Creating Palm OS Applications The chapters in Part II cover the mechanics of making a Palm OS application. This section begins with a tour of the tools for Palm OS programming, then gets you off the ground with a simple “Hello, world” application and finally presents tools and techniques for every programmer’s favorite part of writing an application: debugging. Part III: Programming the Palm OS The third part of this book focuses on actually writing the code to make a Palm OS application work. Starting with chapters on creating the resources that form the structure of an application, this part continues by showing how to actually make the program do something, from interacting with the user to manipulating text. Part IV: Storing Information on the Handheld Part IV shows how to store and retrieve application data. It starts with the big picture, showing how to interact with databases, then moves in for a closer look at the records that make up a database.
Preface xiii Part V: Communicating Outside the Handheld The chapters in Part V cover the myriad methods a Palm OS handheld can use to communicate with the outside world, including infrared beaming, serial communi- cation, and wireless Web clipping. Part VI: Synchronizing Data with the Desktop Part VI introduces the concepts behind the HotSync Manager, which allows a Palm OS handheld to synchronize its applications with desktop data sources. The section continues by showing how to write a conduit to customize the interaction between a Palm OS database and desktop applications. Part VII: Advanced Programming Topics In Part VII you will find various topics that do not come up as often as do the others in Palm OS programming, including managing color, creating large applications, and creating user interface elements dynamically while an application is running. Appendixes The final section of the book is devoted to four appendixes: ✦ Appendix A, “Palm OS API Quick Reference,” is a quick guide to the most common functions, data structures, and constants used in the Palm OS, including prototypes for Palm OS functions. ✦ Appendix B, “Finding Resources for Palm OS Development,” is a list of helpful resources for Palm OS developers. ✦ Appendix C, “Developing in Other Environments,” is a survey of alternative tools for Palm OS development. ✦ Appendix D, “What’s on the CD-ROM?” describes the contents of the CD-ROM that accompanies this book, which features sample code and applications from the book, as well as all the tools a developer needs to get started with Palm OS development. In addition, I’ve included a glossary at the end of the book.
xiv Preface How to Approach This Book Readers who are completely new to Palm OS development will get the most benefit from this book by reading Parts I and II first to get a good handle on how the Palm OS works and how to use CodeWarrior or the PRC-Tools. Then look at Part III to learn what to do with those tools to make an actual application, and follow up with Part IV to learn how to save and retrieve an application’s data. The other parts of the book may be read in any order; pick a topic of interest, and start reading. For readers who have already done some Palm OS development, Part I probably will be material you already know. Part II can be useful if you use either CodeWarrior or the PRC-Tools, and you want to see how the other set of tools works in comparison with what you are using, and in particular, Chapter 5, “Debugging Your Program,” contains useful tips for any Palm OS developer. Parts III and IV will serve as useful references to parts of the operating system that you may or may not already be familiar with, and later chapters introduce other parts of the Palm OS that are not strictly required by most applications. Developers interested in creating Web clipping applications can go straight to Chapter 16, “Creating Web Clipping Applications.” Most Web clipping development requires only a working knowledge of HTML, and if you run across any Palm OS– specific concepts you are not familiar with, a quick look through Part I should serve to resolve any confusion. Anyone interested in creating conduits should first be familiar with the conceptual information in Part I. After you understand the concepts behind the Palm OS, turn to Part VI to learn how to hook the Palm OS up to a desktop computer. Conventions Used in This Book Each chapter in this book begins with a heads-up of the topics covered in the chapter and ends with a summary of what you should have learned by reading the chapter. Throughout this book, you will find icons in the margins that highlight special or important information. Keep an eye out for the following icons: Caution A Caution icon indicates a procedure that could potentially cause difficulty or even data loss; pay careful attention to Caution icons to avoid common and not-so- common programming pitfalls. Cross- Cross-Reference icons point to additional information about a topic, which you can Reference find in other sections of the book.
Preface xv Note A Note icon highlights interesting or supplementary information and often contains extra bits of technical information about a subject. On the The On the CD-ROM icon is a pointer to information, tools, or programs available CD-ROM on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book. Tip Tip icons draw attention to handy suggestions, helpful hints, and useful pieces of advice. In addition to the icons listed previously, the following typographical conventions are used throughout the book: ✦ Code examples appear in a fixed width font. ✦ Other code elements, such as data structures and variable names, appear in fixed width. ✦ File names and World Wide Web addresses (URLs) also appear in fixed width. ✦ Function and macro names are in bold. ✦ The first occurrence of an important term in a chapter is highlighted with italic text. Italic is also used for placeholders — for example, ICON , where represents the name of a bitmap file. ✦ A menu command is indicated in hierarchical order, with each menu com- mand separated by an arrow. For example, File ➪ Open means to click the File command on the menu bar, and then select Open. ✦ Keyboard shortcuts are indicated with the following syntax: Ctrl+C. What Is a Sidebar? Topics in sidebars provide additional information. Sidebar text contains discussion that is related to the main text of a chapter, but not vital to understanding the main text.
Acknowledgments F ew books of this size and scope are ever the work of a single individual, and this one is no exception. I owe a debt of gratitude to many people for their help and encouragement in writing this book. First and foremost, thanks to my acquisitions editors, John Osborn and Greg Croy, as well as my agent, Neil Salkind, for giving me the opportunity to write this book. Thanks also go to Erica Sadun, who had the whole idea in the first place. I want to extend special thanks to Eric Newman, whose hard work as development editor was an incalculable asset in creating this book. Not only did he help wrestle the text of the book into a more focused and organized whole, he kept up the faith even in the face of slipping deadlines and the author’s trip to England in the middle of the writing. A Palm enthusiast himself, Eric also kept me abreast of happenings in the Palm OS world that I would otherwise have missed during the busiest months of writing. In addition, my thanks go out to the book’s technical reviewer, JB Parrett, whose expertise and passion for good user interface improved the quality of the book immeasurably. I would also like to thank Mildred Sanchez and S. B. Kleinman for their copyediting as well as apologize for any gross abuses of the English language they were forced to endure. A big thank you to the production team at IDG Books, including Gabriele McCann, Linda Marousek, Danette Nurse, Ronald Terry, and Mary Jo Weis, whose efforts behind the scenes made it possible for a random assortment of Word documents and bitmap images to transform magically into the printed copy you now hold. More thanks go to Jessica Montgomery, Lenora Chin Sell, and Carmen Krikorian, the media production folks who secured legal permissions for third-party CD-ROM content, and a very special thank you to Joe Kiempisty for his able assistance and patience in getting my own source code onto the CD. I owe a lot to Lisa Rathjens and Ryan Robertson of Palm. Lisa’s loan of time and soft- ware helped produce much better CodeWarrior support in this book, and Ryan’s explanation of how tables work and answers to random technical questions ensured that some of the more confusing aspects of the Palm OS were made much clearer. Thanks also go to Christine Ackerman and Neil Shepherd of Oracle, Ivan Phillips of Pendragon Software, Ray Combs of PUMATECH, Dan Simon of Qualcomm, and Chris Ciervo of Symbol.
xviii Acknowledgments Special thanks go to Ken Martin, Gene Thompson, and Steve Feldon, whose com- mentary as “beta testers” was very useful in making sure that I have not ignored first-time Palm OS programmers in this volume. Steve also deserves my gratitude for introducing me to handheld computing, first with his old Newton (which he wouldn’t let me touch for fear of messing up the handwriting recognition), then again with his Pilot 5000 (which he did let me touch, and convinced me that I really needed to get one of my own). An especially warm thank you goes out to the free software community, both for producing the free Palm OS development tools that allowed me to get into Palm development in the first place and for providing source code of working Palm OS programs, which allowed me to learn the ropes of the Palm OS. In particular, I thank Mitch Blevins, author of DiddleBug and other fine free software, for fabulous source code to work from and general camaraderie between developers, and John Marshall, maintainer of the PRC-Tools, for his able assistance in getting the PRC-Tools up and running under GNU/Linux. I also thank Garbage, Goodness, Guano Apes, and other bands whose names do not begin with “G” (like Jethro Tull, Depeche Mode, and They Might Be Giants), for their inspiring tunes, which were of great help during those really long chapters. In addi- tion, my thanks go out to Nullsoft, makers of the Winamp MP3 player, whose fine program allowed me to queue up hundreds of songs by the aforementioned bands and blast them at obnoxious volumes. Finally, I would like to offer my eternal thanks to Elisabeth (my wife), Constance Maytum, John Hedtke, Alan Zander, both of my cats, and all my friends who put up with alternating blank stares and manic technical babbling from me over the course of this massive project.
Contents at a Glance Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii Part I: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1: Understanding the Palm Computing Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter 2: Understanding the Palm OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Part: II: Creating Palm OS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 3: Introducing the Development Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Chapter 4: Writing Your First Palm OS Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Chapter 5: Debugging Your Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Part III: Programming the Palm OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Chapter 6: Creating and Understanding Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Chapter 7: Building Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Chapter 8: Building Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Chapter 9: Programming User Interface Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Chapter 10: Programming System Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Chapter 11: Programming Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Part IV: Storing Information on the Handheld. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Chapter 12: Storing and Retrieving Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Chapter 13: Manipulating Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Part V: Communicating Outside the Handheld . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Chapter 14: Beaming Data by Infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Chapter 15: Using the Serial Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Chapter 16: Creating Web Clipping Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535