intTypePromotion=1
zunia.vn Tuyển sinh 2024 dành cho Gen-Z zunia.vn zunia.vn
ADSENSE

Bài 5: Các phương pháp Sniffer

Chia sẻ: Đức Hoàng | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:56

146
lượt xem
28
download
 
  Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Sniffer được hiểu đơn giản như là một chương trình cố gắng nghe ngóng các lưu lượng thông tin trên hệ thống mạng...

Chủ đề:
Lưu

Nội dung Text: Bài 5: Các phương pháp Sniffer

  1. 1J{Q QJ O S WUuQK 1JX\HQ 'X\ 1KDW 9LHQ 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP 1 L GXQJ FKtQK ‡ 7 QJ TXDQ ‡ & V O S WUuQK & ‡ / S WUuQK K QJ ÿ L W QJ & ‡ 1J{Q QJ O S WUuQK %RUODQG & %XLOGHU 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  2. 7jL OL X WKDP NK R ‡ 2VERQH ³%RUODQG & %XLOGHU 7KH &RPSOHWH 5HIHUHQW ´ 0F*UDZ +LOO ‡ -DUURG +ROOLQJZRUWK %RE 6ZDUW 0DUN &DVKPDQ 3DXO *XVWDYVRQ ³%RUODQG & %XLOGHU 'HYHORSHU V *XLGH´ 6$0 ‡ &KDUOLH &DOYHUW V ³%RUODQG & %XLOGHU 8QOHDVKHG´ 6$0 ‡ )UDQN % %URNNHQ .DUHO .XEDW ³& $QQRWDWLRQV 9HUVLRQ ´ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI *URQLQJHQ ‡ 3KDP 9DQ $W ³& YD /DS WULQK KXRQJ GRL WXRQJ´ 1;% .KRD +RF .\ 7KXDW ‡ -HVVH /LEHUW\ ³7HDFK
  3. / FK V F D & Yj & FK ‡ / FK V F D & ± 3KiW WUL Q W QJ{Q QJ NKiF %&3/ DQG % ± 'HQQLV 5LWFKLH 3KzQJ WKt QJKL P %HOO ± 1J{Q QJ SKiW WUL Q 81,; ± F O S Y L SK Q F QJ ‡ &iF FK QJ WUuQK NK FKX\ Q ± WLrX FKX Q $16, ± 3KiW KjQK WLrX FKX Q $16, Yj ,62 ‡ $16, ,62 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP / FK V F D & Yj & FK ‡ / FK V F D & ± 0 U QJ F D & ± 1K QJ Q P ÿ X WK S N ‡ %MDUQH 6WURXVWUXS 3KzQJ WKt QJKL P %HOO ± /ê GR F Q WKL W SK L Fy & V SK F W S NKy TX Q Oê ± &XQJ F S NK Q QJ O S WUuQK K QJ ÿ L W QJ ‡ L W QJ FiF WKjQK SK Q SK Q P P Fy WK GQJ O L ± 0{ KuQK FKR FiF Y W WK WURQJ WK JL L WK F ‡ / S WUuQK K QJ ÿ L W QJ ± ' KL X G V D O L Yj WKD\ ÿ L 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  4. / FK V F D & Yj & FK ± 1J{Q QJ ODL ‡ F WU QJ F D & ‡ F WU QJ K QJ ÿ L W QJ ‡ Æ 6 UD ÿ L F D & ‡ & ÿ F WKL W N GjQK FKR O S WUuQK FKX\rQ QJKL S Ÿ NK{QJ G K F ‡& QJ{Q QJ O S WUuQK P QK QK W W WU F ÿ Q QD\ 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP 7K YL Q WLrX FKX Q & ‡ &iF FK QJ WUuQK & ± ;k\ G QJ W FiF P QK QK FiF O S Yj FiF KjP ‡ 7K YL Q WLrX FKX Q & ± 7 S K S SKRQJ SK~ FiF O S Yj FiF KjP Fy VQ ‡ 9L W FK QJ WUuQK WKHR FiFK [k\ G QJ FiF NK L ± .K Q QJ GQJ O L 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  5. 0 W P{L WU QJ & ÿLL Q KuQK QJ ÿ &iF JLDL ÿR Q F D FK QJ WUuQK & 6R Q WK R 3ULPDU\ (GLWRU 'LVN 0HPRU\ /RDGHU 7L Q [ Oê 3UHSURFHVVRU 'LVN 'LVN %LrQ G FK &RPSLOHU 'LVN 3ULPDU\ 0HPRU\ &38 /LrQ N W /LQNHU 'LVN 7 L YjR E QK 7K F KL Q 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP 0 W P{L WU QJ & ÿLL Q KuQK QJ ÿ ‡ ,QSXW RXWSXW ± FLQ ‡ 'zQJ YjR FKX Q ‡ 7K QJ Oj EjQ SKtP ± FRXW ‡ 'zQJ UD FKX Q ‡ 7K QJ Oj PjQ KuQK ± FHUU ‡ 'zQJ O L FKX Q ‡ 7UuQK Ej\ FiF WK{QJ ÿL S O L 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  6. & V O S WUuQK & 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &K QJ 7UuQK & X 7LrQ +HOOR FSS ‡ 6 G QJ E W N WUuQK LQFOXGH LRVWUHDP K! VR Q WK R QjR LQW PDLQ YRLG ^ ‡ / X ILOH FRXW  +HOOR :RUOG?Q ` ‡ %LrQ G FK ‡ &K \ FK QJ WUuQK & & & +HOOR FSS & 3URJUDP &RGH &203,/(5 75$16/$725 & & 2EMHFW +HOOR REM 1$7,9( 3URJUDP &RGH &203,/(5 ([HFXW +HOOR H[H /,1.(5 DEOH 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  7. %L Q ‡ %L Q ± 7rQ W QJ WU QJ FKR P W YQJ QK Pj G OL X Fy WK ÿ F O X WU WUrQ ÿy KD\ Oj ÿ F V G QJ O L ‡ 7KX F WtQK F D EL Q ± .L X ÿ F WKL W O S NKL FiF EL Q ÿ F ÿ QK QJK D ± *Li WU Fy WK ÿ F FKX\ Q ÿ L E QJ FiFK JiQ P W JLi WU P L FKR EL Q 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP .KDL %iR %L Q LQFOXGH LRVWUHDP K! LQFOXGH LRVWUHDP K! LQW PDLQ YRLG LQW PDLQ YRLG ^ ^ LQW QJD\/DP9LHF LQW QJD\/DP9LHF IORDW JLR/DP9LHF IORDW JLR/DP9LHF VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR IORDW VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ QJD\/DP9LHF IORDW VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ JLR/DP9LHF QJD\/DP9LHF JLR/DP9LHF VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ QJD\/DP9LHF JLR/DP9LHF FRXW  6R WLHQ SKDL WUD FKR VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR WXDQ FRXW  ³6R WLHQ SKDL WUD FKR FRXW  VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ WXDQ ³  FRXW  ?Q VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ  ?Q ` ` .KDL EiR Yj NK L W R EL Q .KDL EiR EL Q .K L W R EL Q 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  8. ;X W 1K S Q *L Q LQFOXGH LRVWUHDP K! LQFOXGH LRVWUHDP K! LQW PDLQ YRLG LQW PDLQ YRLG ^ ^ LQW QJD\/DP9LHF LQW QJD\/DP9LHF IORDW JLR/DP9LHF IORDW JLR/DP9LHF IORDW VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ FRXW  ³6R WLHQ SKDL WUD FKR FRXW  6R QJD\ ODP YLHF YD 6R JLR" WLHQ SKDL WUD FKR JLR" FLQ !! JLR/DP9LHF !! FLQ !! VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR QJD\/DP9LHF JLR/DP9LHF VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ QJD\/DP9LHF VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR JLR/DP9LHF VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR FRXW  ³6R WLHQ SKDL WUD FKR FRXW  6R WLHQ SKDL WUD FKR  VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ  WXDQ WXDQ FRXW  VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ ?Q FRXW  ?Q ` ` 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &K~ 7KtFK &K &K~ WKtFK QKL X KjQJ LQFOXGH LRVWUHDP K! &KXRQJ WULQK QD\ WLQK WRDQ WRQJ VR WLHQ SKDL WUD KDQJ WXDQ FKR PRW FRQJ QKDQ GXD WUHQ WRQJ VR JLR ODP YLHF YD VR WLHQ SKDL WUD PRL JLR LQW PDLQ YRLG ^ LQW QJD\/DP9LHF VR QJD\ ODP YLHF WURQJ WXDQ IORDW JLR/DP9LHF VR JLR ODP YLHF WURQJ QJD\ IORDW VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR VR WLHQ SKDL WUD PRL JLR IORDW VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ WRQJ VR WLHQ SKDL WUD PRL WXDQ VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ QJD\/DP9LHF JLR/DP9LHF VR7LHQ7UD&KR *LR FRXW  ³6R WLHQ SKDL WUD WURQJ WXDQ  VR7LHQ7UD&KR 7XDQ  ?Q ` &K~ WKtFK P W KjQJ 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  9. 7rQ ‡ 7rQ ± Gm\ Nt W E W ÿ X E QJ FK KR F Nê W J FK G L WKHR VDX Oj FK FiL FK V ± FzQ ÿ F J L Oj ÿ QK GDQK ± ÿ F V G QJ ÿ WKDP NK R ± WrQ EL Q WrQ KjP WrQ NL X Yj WrQ PDFUR ± SK L ÿ F ÿ W WKHR OX W ± NK{QJ JL L K Q V Nê W ± NK{QJ ÿ F ÿ W WUQJ W NKyD 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP 7 NKyD NK &iF W NKyD GjQK FKXQJ FKR FK QJ WUuQK & O Q & DXWR EUHDN FDVH FKDU FRQVW FRQWLQXH GHIDXOW GR GRXEOH HOVH HQXP H[WHUQ IORDW IRU JRWR LI LQW ORQJ UHJLVWHU UHWXUQ VKRUW VLJQHG VL]HRI VWDWLF VWUXFW VZLWFK W\SHGHI XQLRQ XQVLJQHG YRLG YRODWLOH ZKLOH &iF W NKyD GjQK FKR & DVP ERRO FDWFK FODVV FRQVWBFDVW GHOHWH G\QDPLFBFDVW H[SOLFLW IDOVH IULHQG LQOLQH PXWDEOH QDPHVSDFH QHZ RSHUDWRU SULYDWH SURWHFWHG SXEOLF UHLQWHUSUHWBFDVW VWDWLFBFDVW WHPSODWH WKLV WKURZ WUXH WU\ W\SHLG W\SHQDPH XVLQJ YLUWXDO ZFKDUBW 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  10. &iF WRiQ W ‡ 7RiQ W JiQ ± 'QJ ÿ JiQ P W JLi WU QjR ÿy FKR P W EL Q ± 9t G JiQ JLi WU QJX\rQ FKR EL Q D D ± 9 WUiL E W EX F SK L Oj P W EL Q FzQ Y SK L Fy WK Oj E W Nu K QJ EL Q KD\ N W TX F D P W EL X WK F ± 7RiQ W JiQ OX{Q ÿ F WK F KL Q W WUiL VDQJ SK L Yj NK{QJ EDR JL ÿ R QJ F ± 9t G D E ‡ JiQ JLi WU F D EL Q D E QJ JLi WU ÿDQJ FK D WURQJ EL Q E &K~ ê U QJ FK~QJ WD FK JiQ JLi WU F D E FKR D Yj V WKD\ ÿ L F D E VDX ÿy V NK{QJ QK K QJ ÿ Q JLi WU F D D 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF WRiQ W ‡ &K~ ê ± 7RiQ W JiQ WURQJ & FKR SKpS Y SK L Fy WK FK D FiF SKpS JiQ NKiF ± 9t G D E W QJ ÿ QJ Y L E D E ± 9u Y \ EL X WK F VDX F QJ K S O WURQJ & DEF ± JiQ JLi WU FKR F ED EL Q D E Yj F 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  11. &iF WRiQ W ‡ &iF WRiQ W V KF ± 1 P WRiQ W V K F ÿ F K WU E L QJ{Q QJ Oj ‡ F QJ ‡ WU ‡ QKkQ ‡ FKLD ‡ O \ SK Q G WURQJ SKpS FKLD ‡ 7K W WK F KL Q JL QJ QK WURQJ WRiQ K F ± ' FK WUiL G FK SK L V QJX\rQ $ ÿL % ELW $% $!!% ± 7RiQ W ELW $1' 25 _ ;25 A Yj 127 a 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF WRiQ W ‡ &iF WRiQ W JiQ SK F K S !!  A_ ± 0 W ÿ F WtQK OjP FKR & Q L WL QJ Oj P W QJ{Q QJ V~F WtFK ± YDOXH LQFUHDVH W QJ ÿ QJ Y L YDOXH YDOXH LQFUHDVH D W QJ ÿ QJ Y L D D D E W QJ ÿ QJ Y L D D E SULFH XQLWV W QJ ÿ QJ Y L SULFH SULFH XQLWV ± Yj W QJ W FKR W W F FiF WRiQ W NKiF 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  12. &iF WRiQ W ‡ 7 QJ Yj JL P ± 7RiQ W W QJ Yj JL P JLi WU FK D WURQJ P W EL Q ÿL ± 7 QJ ÿ QJ Y L KR F 9u Y \ FiF GzQJ VDX Oj W QJ ÿ QJ D D DD D JLi WU ÿ F W QJ WU F NKL EL X WK F ± &K~ ê ÿ F WtQK Yj JLi WU ÿm W QJ ÿ F V G QJ WURQJ EL X WK F D JLi WU WURQJ EL Q D ÿ F W QJ VDX NKL ÿm WtQK WRiQ 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF WRiQ W ‡ 9t G % $ % $ LV % LV ‡ 9t G % $% $ LV % LV 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  13. &iF WRiQ W ‡ &iF WRiQ W TXDQ K !!  ± 6R ViQK KDL EL X WK F Y L QKDX ± . W TX Oj JLi WU ORJLF FK Fy WK Fy JLi WU WUXH KR F IDOVH WX WKHR TXDQ K JL D Y WUiL Yj Y SK L ± &iF WRiQ W TXDQ K WURQJ & ‡ % QJ ‡ .KiF ‡ !/ Q K Q ‡ 1K K Q ‡ ! / Q K Q KR F E QJ ‡  1K K Q KR F E QJ 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF WRiQ W ‡ &iF WRiQ W ORJLF __ ± 7RiQ W W QJ ÿ QJ Y L WRiQ W ORJLF 127 ÿ L QJ F JLi WU F D ÿ L V W WUXH VDQJ IDOVH KR F QJ F O L ± 9t G WU Y IDOVH Yu EL X WK F ErQ SK L ‡ Fy JLi WU WUXH  WU Y WUXH Yu  Fy JLi WU IDOVH ‡ ‡ WUXH WU Y IDOVH ‡ IDOVH WU Y WUXH Yj __ ÿ F V G QJ NKL WtQK WRiQ KDL ± 7RiQ W ORJLF EL X WK F ÿ O \ UD P W N W TX GX\ QK W 7 QJ QJ Y L FiF WRiQ W ORJLF $1' Yj 25 . W TX F D FK~QJ SK WKX F YjR P L TXDQ K F D KDL ÿ L V 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  14. &iF WRiQ W ‡ 7RiQ W ÿL X NL Q " ± 7RiQ W ÿL X NL Q WtQK WRiQ P W EL X WK F Yj WU Y P W JLi WU NKiF WX WKX F YjR EL X WK F ÿy Oj ÿ~QJ KD\ VDL & X WU~F F D Qy QK VDX FRQGLWLRQ " UHVXOW UHVXOW ± 1 X FRQGLWLRQ Oj WUXH WKu JLi WU WU Y V Oj UHVXOW Q X NK{QJ JLi WU WU Y Oj UHVXOW " ‡ WU Y Yu NK{QJ E QJ " ‡ WU Y Yu E QJ ‡ ! " D E WU Y D Yu O Q K Q ‡ D!E " D E WU Y JLi WU O Q K Q D KR F E 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF WRiQ W ‡ 7RiQ W ÿL X NL Q SK \ O \ NtFK WK F PQ"P Q 7RiQ W ÿL X NL Q PLQ 7RiQ W SK \ PLQ P  Q " P&RXQW P Q&RXQW Q  VL]HRI IORDW  E\WHV?Q FRXW  IORDW VL]H 7RiQ W O \ NtFK WK F 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  15. / QK QK ‡ / QK ÿ Q Oj P W 9t G V WtQK WRiQ ÿ F N W WK~F E QJ G X ^ FK P SK \ LQW PLQ L M PLQ L  M " L M PLQ ‡ 1KL X O QK ÿ Q Fy FRXW  PLQ  ?Q WK N W Q L O L WKjQK P W O QK ` SK F NK L O QK E QJ FiFK UjR / QK U QJ / QK Y{ G QJ FK~QJ ErQ WURQJ FiF G X QJR F [R Q 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP 7K W X WLrQ F D FiF WRiQ W 0F 7RiQ W 7K W &DR QK W & KDL >@ ! 7UiL W L SK L QHZ VL]HRI 3K L W L WUiL a GHOHWH ! 7UiL W L SK L 7UiL W L SK L 7UiL W L SK L  !! 7UiL W L SK L   ! ! 7UiL W L SK L 7UiL W L SK L 7UiL W L SK L A 7UiL W L SK L _ 7UiL W L SK L 7UiL W L SK L __ 7UiL W L SK L " 7UiL W L SK L A  3K L W L WUiL _ !! 7K S QK W 7UiL W L SK L 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  16. &iF NL X G OLL X F E Q O 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF NL X G OLL X F E Q O ‡ .L X FKDU ± %L X GL Q Nê W WKX F $6&,, WK F FK W Oj V QJX\rQ W ÿQ ± 9t G .ê W $6&,, ‡ ‡$ ‡D ‡ .L X LQW ± OR L LQW ORQJ LQW ORQJ Yj XQVLJQHG LQW XQVLJQHG ‡ .L X IORDW ± %L X GL Q FiF V WK F ÿ FKtQK [iF ÿRQ ‡ .L X GRXEOH ± %L X GL Q FiF V WK F ÿ FKtQK [iF NpS 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  17. &iF NL X G OLL X F E Q O 3K P YL NtFK WK F NL X G OL X ‡ FKDU E\WH LQW E\WHV ORQJ E\WHV XQVLJQHG E\WHV IORDW H H E\WHV GRXEOH H H E\WHV .L X YRLG ‡ ± .L X NK{QJ JLi WU GQJ ÿ EL X GL Q N W TX KjP F QJ QK Q L GXQJ F D SRLQWHU 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP &iF NL X G OLL X W ÿ QK QJK D O QK 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  18. & X WU~F VWUXFW VWUXFW ‡ 0 W F X WU~F G OL X Oj P W W S K S F D QK QJ NL X G OL X NKiF QKDX ÿ F J S O L Y L P W FiL WrQ GX\ QK W ‡ ' QJ WK F VWUXFW WrQBNL XBF XBWU~F! ^ .KDL EiR FiF WKjQK SK Q F X WU~F « ` WrQBF X WU~F! ‡ .KDL EiR EL Q P QJ F X WU~F WrQBNL XBF XBWU~F GDQK ViFK EL Q P QJ F X WU~F 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP & X WU~F VWUXFW VWUXFW ‡ 9t G VWUXFW WKLBVLQK ^ FKDU KRWHQ> @ ORQJ VREDRGDQK IORDW GLHP7RDQ GLHP/\ GLHP+RD WUXQJELQK ` WKLBVLQK EDFKNKRD> @ NLQKWH> @ FDRGDQJ> @ ‡ +R F VWUXFW WKLBVLQK ^ FKDU KRWHQ> @ ORQJ VREDRGDQK IORDW GLHP7RDQ GLHP/\ GLHP+RD WUXQJELQK ` EDFKNKRD> @ NLQKWH> @ FDRGDQJ> @ ‡ 7UX\ F S EDFKNKRD> @ KRWHQ NLQKWH> @ GLHP7RDQ 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  19. + S XQLRQ ‡ 8QLRQ FKR SKpS P W SK Q E QK Fy WK ÿ F WUX\ [X W G L G QJ QKL X NL X G OL X NKiF QKDX ‡ 7 W F FiF SK Q W F D XQLRQ ÿ X FKL P FQJ P W FK WURQJ E QK ‡ .tFK WK F F D Qy Oj NtFK WK F F D SK Q W O Q QK W ‡ ' QJ WK F XQLRQ WrQBNL XBK S! ^ .KDL EiR FiF WKjQK SK Q F D K S « ` WrQBK S! ‡ .KDL EiR EL Q P QJ 8QLRQ WrQBNL XBK S GDQK ViFK EL Q P QJ K S 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP + S XQLRQ ‡ 9t G XQLRQ P\W\SHVBW ^ FKDU F LQW L IORDW I ` P\W\SHV ± ÿ QK QJK D ED SK Q W P\W\SHV F P\W\SHV L P\W\SHV I FKL P FQJ FK WURQJ E QK NtFK WK F E\WHV IORDW 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
  20. + S XQLRQ ‡ &iF XQLRQ Y{ GDQK 9t G 8QLRQ 9t G 8QLRQ Y{ GDQK VWUXFW ^ VWUXFW ^ FKDU WLWOH> @ FKDU WLWOH> @ FKDU DXWKRU> @ FKDU DXWKRU> @ XQLRQ ^ XQLRQ ^ IORDW GROODUV IORDW GROODUV LQW \HQV LQW \HQV ` SULFH ` ` ERRN ` ERRN 7UX\ F S 7UX\ F S ERRN SULFH GROODUV ERRN GROODUV ERRN SULFH \HQV ERRN \HQV 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP .L X OL W Nr HQXP HQXP ‡ .L X G OL X OL W Nr GQJ ÿ W R UD FiF NL X G OL X FK D P W FiL Ju ÿy K L ÿ F EL W ‡ ' QJ WK F HQXP NL XBOL WBNr! ^ .KDL EiR FiF JLi WU WURQJ NL X OL W Nr ` WrQBEL QBOL WBNr! ‡ .KDL EiR NL XBOL WBNr GDQK ViFK EL Q P QJ OL W Nr ‡ 9t G HQXP FRORUVBW ^EODFN EOXH JUHHQ F\DQ UHG SXUSOH \HOORZ ZKLWH` 8SORDGHG %\ KRYDQWKXDQ GW #JPDLO FRP
ADSENSE

CÓ THỂ BẠN MUỐN DOWNLOAD

 

Đồng bộ tài khoản
2=>2