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DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 7
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Nội dung Text: DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 7
- Nursing.fm Page 210 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM ondansetron 210 ondansetron OP OP abbreviation outpatient ondansetron /ɒn d nsitrɒn/ noun a drug | which helps to prevent the production of serot- opacification opacification /əυ p sifi keiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | | onin, used to control nausea and vomiting caused fact of becoming opaque, as the lens does in a by drug treatment and radiotherapy for cancer case of cataract onych- onych- /ɒnik/ prefix same as onycho- (used opacity opacity /əυ p siti/ noun the fact of not allow- | before vowels) ing light to pass through onycho- onycho- /ɒnikəυ/ prefix nails opaque opaque /əυ peik/ adjective not allowing light to | onycholysis pass through onycholysis / ɒni kɒləsis/ noun a condition in | which a nail becomes separated from its bed, operant conditioning operant conditioning / ɒpərənt kən | without falling out diʃ(ə)niŋ/ noun a form of learning which takes onychomadesis place when a piece of spontaneous behaviour is onychomadesis / ɒnikəυmə di sis/ noun a | either reinforced by a reward or discouraged by condition in which the nails fall out punishment onychomycosis onychomycosis / ɒnikəυmai kəυsis/ noun | operating department assistant operating department assistant an infection of a nail with a fungus / ɒpəreitiŋ di pɑ tmənt ə sistənt/ noun a per- oo- oo- /əυə/ prefix ovum or embryo | | son who works in an operating department. oocyte oocyte / əυəsait/ noun a cell which forms from Abbreviation ODA an oogonium and becomes an ovum by meiosis operating microscope operating microscope / ɒpəreitiŋ oocyte donation oocyte donation / əυəsait dəυ neiʃ(ə)n/ maikrəskəυp/ noun a special microscope with | noun the transfer of oocytes from one woman to two eyepieces and a light, used in very delicate another who cannot produce her own, so that she surgery can have a baby. The oocytes are removed in a operating table operating table / ɒpəreitiŋ teib(ə)l/ noun a laparoscopy and fertilised in vitro. special table on which the patient is placed to oogenesis oogenesis / əυə d enəsis/ noun the formation undergo a surgical operation | and development of ova operating theatre operating theatre / ɒpəreitiŋ θiətə/ noun a COMMENT: In oogenesis, an oogonium pro- special room in a hospital, where surgical opera- duces an oocyte, which develops through tions are carried out (NOTE: The US term is oper- several stages to produce a mature ovum. ating room.) Polar bodies are also formed which do not operation operation / ɒpə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a surgical develop into ova. | procedure carried out to repair or remove a dam- oophor- oophor- /əυəfəυr/ prefix same as oophoro- aged body part She’s had an operation on her (used before vowels) foot. (NOTE: A surgeon performs or carries out oophore oophore / əυəfɔ / noun same as ovary an operation on a patient.) 2. the way in which a oophorectomy oophorectomy / əυəfə rektəmi/ noun a sur- drug acts | gical operation to remove an ovary. Also called ophth- ophth- /ɒfθ, ɒpθ/ prefix eye ovariectomy (NOTE: The plural is oophorecto- ophthalm- ophthalm- /ɒfθ lm, ɒpθ lm/ prefix same as mies.) ophthalmo- (used before vowels) oophoritis oophoritis / əυəfə raitis/ noun inflammation ophthalmectomy ophthalmectomy / ɒfθ l mektəmi/ noun a | | in an ovary, which can be caused by mumps. Also surgical operation to remove an eye (NOTE: The called ovaritis plural is ophthalmectomies.) oophoro- oophoro- /əυɒfərəυ/ prefix ovary ophthalmia ophthalmia /ɒf θ lmiə/ noun inflammation of | oophorocystectomy oophorocystectomy /əυ ɒfərəυsi the eye | | stektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove ophthalmia neonatorum ophthalmia neonatorum /ɒf θ lmiə | an ovarian cyst (NOTE: The plural is oophoro- ni əυnei tɔ rəm/ noun conjunctivitis of a new- | cystectomies.) born baby, beginning 21 days after birth, caused oophorocystosis oophorocystosis /əυ ɒfərəυsi stəυsis/ noun by infection in the birth canal | | the development of one or more ovarian cysts ophthalmic ophthalmic /ɒf θ lmik/ adjective referring to | oophoron oophoron /əυ ɒfərɒn/ noun same as ovary the eye | (technical ) (NOTE: The plural is oophora.) ophthalmic nerve ophthalmic nerve /ɒf θ lmik n v/ noun a | oophoropexy oophoropexy /əυ ɒfərəpeksi/ noun a surgical branch of the trigeminal nerve, supplying the eye- | operation to attach an ovary (NOTE: The plural is ball, the upper eyelid, the brow and one side of the oophoropexies.) scalp oophorosalpingectomy ophthalmic optician oophorosalpingectomy /əυ ɒfərə s lpin ophthalmic optician /ɒf θ lmik ɒp tiʃ(ə)n/, | | | | | d ektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove ophthalmic practitioner /ɒf θ lmik pr k | | tiʃ(ə)nə/ noun same as optician an ovary and the Fallopian tube attached to it (NOTE: The plural is oophorosalpingecto- ophthalmic surgeon ophthalmic surgeon /ɒf θ lmik s d ən/ | mies.) noun a surgeon who specialises in surgery to treat op op /ɒp/ noun an operation (informal ) eye disorders
- Nursing.fm Page 211 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 211 oral thermometer ophthalmitis optical illusion optical illusion / ɒptik(ə)l i lu (ə)n/ noun ophthalmitis / ɒfθ l maitis/ noun inflamma- | | something which is seen wrongly so that it tion of the eye appears to be something else ophthalmo- ophthalmo- /ɒfθ lməυ, ɒpθ lməυ/ prefix optic chiasma optic chiasma / ɒptik kai zmə/ noun a eye or eyeball | structure where some of the optic nerves from ophthalmological ophthalmological /ɒf θ lmə lɒd ik(ə)l/ | | each eye partially cross each other in the hypoth- adjective referring to ophthalmology alamus ophthalmologist ophthalmologist / ɒfθ l mɒləd ist/ noun a | optic disc optic disc / ɒptik disk/ noun the point on the doctor who specialises in the study of the eye and retina where the optic nerve starts. Also called its diseases. Also called eye specialist optic papilla ophthalmology ophthalmology / ɒfθ l mɒləd i/ noun the optic fundus | optic fundus / ɒptik f ndəs/ noun the back study of the eye and its diseases part of the inside of the eye, opposite the lens ophthalmoplegia ophthalmoplegia / ɒfθ lmə pli d ə/ noun optician optician /ɒp tiʃ(ə)n/ noun a qualified person | | paralysis of the muscles of the eye who specialises in making glasses and in testing ophthalmoscope ophthalmoscope /ɒf θ lməskəυp/ noun an eyes and prescribing lenses. Also called ophthal- | instrument containing a bright light and small mic optician lenses, used by a doctor to examine the inside of optic nerve optic nerve / ɒptik n v/ noun the second cra- an eye nial nerve which transmits the sensation of sight ophthalmoscopy ophthalmoscopy / ɒfθ l mɒskəpi/ noun an from the eye to the brain. See illustration at EYE in | examination of the inside of an eye using an oph- Supplement thalmoscope (NOTE: The plural is ophthalmo- optic neuritis optic neuritis / ɒptik njυ raitis/ noun same | scopies.) as retrobulbar neuritis ophthalmotomy ophthalmotomy / ɒfθ l mɒtəmi/ noun a sur- optic papilla optic papilla / ɒptik pə pilə/ noun same as | | gical operation to make a cut in the eyeball optic disc (NOTE: The plural is ophthalmotomies.) optics optics / ɒptiks/ noun the study of the visible ophthalmotonometer ophthalmotonometer / ɒfθ lmətə nɒmitə/ light spectrum and sight | noun an instrument which measures pressure opto- opto- /ɒptəυ/ prefix sight inside the eye optometrist optometrist /ɒp tɒmətrist/ noun mainly US a -opia | -opia /əυpiə/ suffix eye condition person who specialises in testing eyes and pre- opiate opiate / əυpiət/ noun a sedative which is pre- scribing lenses pared from opium, e.g. morphine or codeine optometry optometry /ɒp tɒmətri/ noun the testing of | opistho- opistho- /ɒpisθəυ/ prefix backbone eyes and prescribing of lenses to correct sight opisthotonos opisthotonos / ɒpis θɒtənəs/ noun a spasm -oquine -oquine /əkwin/ suffix antimalarial drug | of the body in which the spine is arched back- chloroquine wards, occurring, e.g., in people with tetanus OR OR abbreviation US operating room opium opium / əυpiəm/ noun a substance made from ora ora / ɔ rə/ plural noun plural of os 2 poppies which is used in the preparation of oral oral / ɔ rəl/ adjective 1. referring to the mouth 2. codeine and heroin referring to medication that is swallowed an opponens opponens /ə pəυnənz/ noun one of a group of oral contraceptive Compare enteral, parenteral | muscles which control the movements of the fin- oral cavity oral cavity / ɔ rəl k viti/ noun the mouth gers, especially one which allows the thumb and oral contraceptive oral contraceptive / ɔ rəl kɒntrə septiv/ little finger to come together | noun a contraceptive pill which is swallowed opportunist opportunist / ɒpə tju nist/, opportunistic oral hygiene oral hygiene / ɔ rəl haid i n/ noun the prac- | / ɒpətju nistik/ adjective referring to a parasite tice of keeping the mouth clean by gargling and | or microorganism which takes advantage of the mouthwashes host’s weakened state to cause infection orally orally / ɔ rəli/ adverb by swallowing not to be opsonic index opsonic index /ɒp sɒnik indeks/ noun a taken orally | number which gives the strength of an individ- oral medication oral medication / ɔ rəl medi keiʃ(ə)n/ noun ual’s serum reaction to bacteria | medication which is taken by swallowing opsonin opsonin / ɒpsənin/ noun a substance, usually oral rehydration therapy oral rehydration therapy / ɔ rəl ri hai an antibody, in blood which sticks to the surface | dreiʃ(ə)n θerəpi/ noun the administration of a of bacteria and helps to destroy them simple glucose and electrolyte solution to treat optic optic / ɒptik/ adjective referring to the eye or to acute diarrhoea, particularly in children, which sight has greatly reduced the number of deaths from optical optical / ɒptik(ə)l/ adjective 1. same as optic 2. dehydration. Abbreviation ORT relating to the visible light spectrum oral thermometer oral thermometer / ɔ rəl θə mɒmitə/ noun a | optical fibre optical fibre / ɒptik(ə)l faibə/ noun an artifi- thermometer which is put into the mouth to take cial fibre which can carry light or images someone’s temperature
- Nursing.fm Page 212 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM orbicularis 212 orbicularis organ of Corti orbicularis /ɔ bikjυ leəris/ noun a circular organ of Corti / ɔ ən əv kɔ ti/ noun a mem- | | muscle in the face brane in the cochlea which takes sounds and con- verts them into impulses sent to the brain along orbicularis oculi orbicularis oculi /ɔ bikjυ leəris ɒkjυlai/ | | the auditory nerve. Also called spiral organ noun a muscle which opens and closes the eye [Described 1851. After Marquis Alfonso Corti orbicularis oris orbicularis oris /ɔ bikjυ leəris ɔ ris/ noun | | (1822–88), Italian anatomist and histologist.] a muscle which closes the lips tight organ transplant organ transplant / ɔ ən tr nsplɑ nt/ noun orbit orbit / ɔ bit/ noun the hollow bony depression in a surgical operation to transplant an organ from the front of the skull in which each eye and lac- one person to another rimal gland are situated. Also called eye socket orgasm orgasm / ɔ z(ə)m/ noun the climax of the orbital orbital / ɔ bit(ə)l/ adjective referring to the sexual act, when a person experiences a moment orbit of great excitement orchi- orchi- /ɔ ki/ prefix testiss orifice orifice / ɒrifis/ noun an opening in the body, orchidalgia orchidalgia / ɔ ki d ld ə/ noun a neuralgic- e.g. the mouth or anus | type pain in a testis origin origin / ɒrid in/ noun 1. the source or begin- orchidectomy orchidectomy / ɔ ki dektəmi/ noun a surgical ning of something 2. a place where a muscle is | operation to remove a testis (NOTE: The plural is attached, or where the branch of a nerve or blood orchidectomies.) vessel begins orchidopexy orchidopexy / ɔ kidəυ peksi/ noun a surgical oris / ɔ ris/ cancrum oris, orbicularis oris oris | operation to place an undescended testis in the ornithosis ornithosis / ɔ ni θəυsis/ noun a disease of scrotum. Also called orchiopexy (NOTE: The | birds which can be passed to humans as a form of plural is orchidopexies.) pneumonia orchiepididymitis orchiepididymitis / ɔ ki epididi maitis/ oro- | | oro- /ɔ rəυ/ prefix mouth noun a condition in which a testicle and its epidi- orogenital orogenital / ɔ rəυ d enit(ə)l/ adjective relat- dymis become swollen | ing to both the mouth and the genitals orchiopexy orchiopexy / ɔ kiəυ peksi/ noun same as | oropharynx oropharynx / ɔ rəυ f riŋks/ noun a part of orchidopexy (NOTE: The plural is orchiopex- | the pharynx below the soft palate at the back of ies.) the mouth (NOTE: The plural is oropharynxes or orchis orchis / ɔ kis/ noun a testis oropharynges.) orchitis orchitis /ɔ kaitis/ noun inflammation of the ORT | ORT abbreviation oral rehydration therapy testes, characterised by hypertrophy, pain and a ortho- ortho- /ɔ θəυ/ prefix correct or straight sensation of weight orthodontics orthodontics / ɔ θəυ dɒntiks/ noun a branch Orem’s model Orem’s model / ɔ rəmz mɒd(ə)l/ noun a | of dentistry which deals with correcting badly modern model for nursing which focuses on a placed teeth person’s ability to perform self-care, defined as orthopaedic orthopaedic / ɔ θə pi dik/ adjective 1. refer- activities which individuals initiate and perform | on their own behalf to maintain life, health and ring to treatment which corrects badly formed well-being. The goal of nursing is to help people bones or joints 2. referring to or used in orthopae- meet their own self-care demands. dics (NOTE: The US spelling is orthopedic.) organ orthopaedic collar organ / ɔ ən/ noun a part of the body which is orthopaedic collar / ɔ θəpi dik kɒlə/ noun a distinct from other parts and has a particular func- special strong collar to support the head of a per- tion, e.g. the liver, an eye or ovaries son with neck injuries or a condition such as cer- vical spondylosis organic organic /ɔ nik/ adjective 1. referring to | orthopaedic hospital orthopaedic hospital / ɔ θəpi dik organs in the body 2. coming from an animal, hɒspit(ə)l/ noun a hospital which specialises in plant or other organism operations to correct badly formed joints or bones organic disease organic disease /ɔ nik di zi z/, organic | | orthopaedics orthopaedics / ɔ θə pi diks/ noun a branch of disorder /ɔ nik dis ɔ də/ noun a disease or | | | disorder associated with physical changes in one surgery dealing with irregularities, diseases and or more organs of the body injuries of the locomotor system (NOTE: The US spelling is orthopedics.) organisation organisation / ɔ ənai zeiʃ(ə)n/, organiza- | orthopaedic surgeon orthopaedic surgeon / ɔ θəpi dik s d ən/ tion noun 1. a group of people set up for a partic- ular purpose 2. the planning or arranging of some- noun a surgeon who specialises in orthopaedics thing the organisation of the rota 3. the way in orthopnoea orthopnoea / ɔ θəp ni ə/ noun a condition in | which the component parts of something are which a person has great difficulty in breathing arranged while lying down. dyspnoea (NOTE: The US organism organism / ɔ əniz(ə)m/ noun any single spelling is orthopnea.) plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or other living orthopnoeic orthopnoeic / ɔ θəp ni ik/ adjective referring | thing to orthopnoea (NOTE: The US spelling is orthop- organo- organo- /ɔ ənəυ, ɔ nəυ/ prefix organ neic.)
- Nursing.fm Page 213 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 213 osteochondritis dissecans orthoptics osmoreceptor osmoreceptor / ɒzməυri septə/ noun a cell orthoptics /ɔ θɒptiks/ noun the study of | | in the hypothalamus which checks the level of methods used to treat squints osmotic pressure in the blood by altering the orthoptist orthoptist /ɔ θɒptist/ noun an eye specialist, | secretion of ADH and regulates the amount of working in an eye hospital, who treats squints and water in the blood other disorders of eye movement osmosis osmosis /ɒz məυsis/ noun the movement of a orthoptoscope orthoptoscope /ɔ θɒptəskəυp/ noun same | | solvent from one part of the body through a sem- as amblyoscope ipermeable membrane to another part where there orthosis orthosis /ɔ θəυsis/ noun a device which is fit- is a higher concentration of molecules | ted to the outside of the body to support a weak- osmotic pressure osmotic pressure /ɒz mɒtik preʃə/ noun | ness or correct a malformation, e.g. a surgical col- the pressure required to stop the flow of a solvent lar or leg brace (NOTE: The plural is orthoses.) through a membrane orthostatic orthostatic / ɔ θə st tik/ adjective referring osseous osseous / ɒsiəs/ adjective referring to or | to the position of the body when standing up resembling bone straight osseous labyrinth osseous labyrinth / ɒsiəs l bərinθ/ noun orthostatic hypotension orthostatic hypotension / ɔ θəst tik same as bony labyrinth haipəυ tenʃən/ noun a common condition ossicle | ossicle / ɒsik(ə)l/ noun a small bone where the blood pressure drops when a person ossification ossification / ɒsifi keiʃ(ə)n/ noun the forma- stands up suddenly, causing dizziness | tion of bone. Also called osteogenesis orthotics orthotics /ɔ θɒtiks/ plural noun the branch of | ossium / ɒsiəm/ fragilitas ossium ossium medical engineering which deals with the design ost- ost- /ɒst/ prefix same as osteo- (used before and fitting of devices such as braces in the treat- vowels) ment of orthopaedic disorders (NOTE: Takes a ostectomy singular verb.) ostectomy /ɒ stektəmi/ noun a surgical opera- | tion in which a bone, or a piece of bone, is orthotist orthotist / ɔ θətist/ noun a qualified person removed (NOTE: The plural is ostectomies.) who fits orthoses osteitis osteitis / ɒsti aitis/ noun inflammation of a Ortolani’s sign Ortolani’s sign / ɔ tə lɑ niz sain/, Ortolani | | bone due to injury or infection manoeuvre / ɔ tə lɑ ni mə nu və/, Ortolani’s | | osteitis deformans osteitis deformans / ɒsti aitis di fɔ mənz/ test / ɔ tə lɑ niz test/ noun a test for congenital | | | noun a disease which gradually softens bones in dislocation of the hip in babies aged 6–12, in the spine, legs and skull, so that they become which the hip makes sharp sounds if the joint is curved. Also called Paget’s disease rotated [Described 1937. After Marino Ortolani (1904–83), Italian orthopaedic surgeon.] osteitis fibrosis cystica osteitis fibrosis cystica / ɒstiaitis fai | os brəυsis sistikə/ noun a generalised weakness os /ɒs/ noun (technical ) 1. a bone (NOTE: The of bones, caused by excessive activity of the thy- plural is ossa.) 2. the mouth (NOTE: The plural is roid gland and associated with formation of cysts, ora.) in which bone tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. OSA OSA abbreviation obstructive sleep apnoea Also called von Recklinghausen’s disease osche- osche- / ɒski/ prefix relating to the scrotum (NOTE: The localised form is osteitis fibrosis oscillation oscillation / ɒsi leiʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the action of localista.) | moving backwards and forwards between two osteo- osteo- /ɒstiəυ/ prefix bone points at a regular speed 2. a single movement osteoarthritis osteoarthritis / ɒstiəυɑ θraitis/ noun a | between two points degenerative disease of middle-aged and elderly oscilloscope oscilloscope /ɒ siləskəυp/ noun a device people characterised by inflamed joints which | which produces a visual record of an electrical become stiff and painful. Also called osteoar- current on a screen using a cathode ray tube. It is throsis used in the testing of electronic equipment and in osteoarthropathy osteoarthropathy / ɒstiəυɑ θrɒpəθi/ noun a | measuring electrical impulses of the heart or the disease of the bone and cartilage at a joint, partic- brain. ularly the ankles, knees or wrists, associated with osculum osculum / ɒskjυləm/ noun a small opening or carcinoma of the bronchi pore (NOTE: The plural is oscula.) osteoarthrosis osteoarthrosis / ɒstiəυɑ θrəυsis/ noun | -osis same as osteoarthritis -osis /əυsis/ suffix disease osteoarthrotomy osteoarthrotomy / ɒstiəυɑ θrɒtəmi/ noun a Osler’s nodes Osler’s nodes / ɒsləz nəυdz/ plural noun ten- | surgical operation to remove the articular end of a der swellings at the ends of fingers and toes in bone (NOTE: The plural is osteoarthrotomies.) people who have subacute bacterial endocarditis osteochondritis [Described 1885. After Sir William Osler (1849– osteochondritis / ɒstiəυkən draitis/ noun | 1919), Professor of Medicine in Montreal, Phila- degeneration of the epiphyses delphia, Baltimore and then Oxford.] osteochondritis dissecans osteochondritis dissecans osm- osm- /ɒzm/ prefix 1. smell 2. osmosis / ɒstiəυkəndraitis disək nz/ noun a painful
- Nursing.fm Page 214 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM osteochondrosis 214 osteotome condition where pieces of articular cartilage osteotome / ɒstiəυtəυm/ noun a type of chisel become detached from the joint surface used by surgeons to cut bone osteochondrosis osteochondrosis / ɒstiəυkɒn drəυsis/ noun osteotomy osteotomy / ɒsti ɒtəmi/ noun a surgical oper- | | a disorder of cartilage and bone formation which ation to cut a bone, especially to relieve pain in a affects the joints in children, causing pain and a joint (NOTE: The plural is osteotomies.) limp, probably due to circulation disturbances to ostium ostium / ɒstiəm/ noun an opening into a pas- that part of the bone sage (NOTE: The plural is ostia.) osteoclast osteoclast / ɒstiəυkl st/ noun a cell which -ostomy -ostomy /ɒstəmi/ suffix operation to make an destroys bone opening osteocyte osteocyte / ɒstiəυsait/ noun a bone cell OT OT abbreviation occupational therapist osteogenesis osteogenesis / ɒstiəυ d enəsis/ noun same ot- | ot- /əυt/ prefix same as oto- (used before vow- as ossification els) osteogenesis imperfecta osteogenesis imperfecta / ɒstiəυ d enəsis otalgia | otalgia /əυ t ld ə/ noun same as earache impə fektə/ noun a congenital condition in | | OTC OTC abbreviation referring to medication which which bones are brittle and break easily due to can be bought freely at a chemist’s shop, and does unusual bone formation. Also called brittle bone not need a prescription. Full form over the coun- disease ter osteology osteology / ɒsti ɒləd i/ noun the study of | OTC drug OTC drug / əυ ti si dr / noun same as over- bones and their structure the-counter drug osteolysis osteolysis / ɒsti ɒləsis/ noun destruction of | otic otic / əυtik/ adjective referring to the ear bone tissue by osteoclasts otitis osteolytic otitis /əυ taitis/ noun inflammation of the ear osteolytic / ɒstiəυ litik/ adjective referring to | | osteolysis otitis externa otitis externa /əυ taitis ik st nə/ noun | | osteoma osteoma / ɒsti əυmə/ noun a benign tumour in inflammation of the external auditory meatus to | a bone (NOTE: The plural is osteomas or osteo- the eardrum mata.) otitis interna otitis interna /əυ taitis in t nə/ noun inflam- | | osteomalacia osteomalacia / ɒstiəυmə leiʃə/ noun a condi- mation of the inner ear. Also called labyrinthitis | tion in adults in which the bones become soft otitis media otitis media /əυ taitis mi diə/ noun an infec- | because of lack of calcium and Vitamin D, or lim- tion of the middle ear, usually accompanied by ited exposure to sunlight headaches and fever. Also called middle ear osteomyelitis osteomyelitis / ɒstiəυmaiə laitis/ noun infection, tympanitis | inflammation of the interior of bone, especially oto- oto- /əυtəυ/ prefix ear the marrow spaces otolaryngologist otolaryngologist / əυtəυl riŋ ɒləd ist/ | osteon osteon / ɒstiɒn/ noun same as Haversian sys- noun a doctor who specialises in treatment of dis- tem eases of the ear and throat osteopath osteopath / ɒstiəυ p θ/ noun a person who otolaryngology otolaryngology / əυtəυl riŋ ɒləd i/ noun | | practises osteopathy the study of diseases of the ear and throat osteopathy osteopathy / ɒsti ɒpəθi/ noun 1. the treatment otolith otolith / əυtəliθ/ noun a stone which forms in | of disorders by massage and manipulation of the inner ear joints 2. any disease of bone (NOTE: The plural is otolith organ otolith organ / əυtəliθ ɔ ən/ noun one of osteopathies.) two pairs of sensory organs in the inner ear, the osteopetrosis osteopetrosis / ɒstiəυpə trəυsis/ noun a dis- | saccule and the utricle, which pass information to ease of a group in which bones increase in den- the brain about the position of the head sity. Also called marble bone disease otologist otologist /əυ tɒləd ist/ noun a doctor who osteophyte osteophyte / ɒstiəυfait/ noun a bony growth | specialises in the study of the ear osteoplasty osteoplasty / ɒstiəυpl sti/ noun plastic sur- otology otology /əυ tɒləd i/ noun the scientific study gery on bones | of the ear and its diseases osteoporosis osteoporosis / ɒstiəυpɔ rəυsis/ noun a con- | -otomy -otomy /ɒtəmi/ suffix an act of cutting into an dition in which the bones become thin, porous organ or part of the body in a surgical operation and brittle, due to low levels of oestrogen, lack of otoplasty otoplasty / əυtəpl sti/ noun plastic surgery of calcium and lack of physical exercise. Also called the external ear to repair damage or deformity brittle bone disease otorhinolaryngologist osteosarcoma otorhinolaryngologist / əυtəυ rainəυ l riŋ osteosarcoma / ɒstiəυsɑ kəυmə/ noun a | | | | ɒləd ist/ noun a doctor who specialises in the malignant tumour of bone cells (NOTE: The plural study of the ear, nose and throat is osteosarcomas or osteosarcomata.) otorhinolaryngology osteosclerosis osteosclerosis / ɒstiəυsklə rəυsis/ noun a otorhinolaryngology / əυtəυ rainəυ l riŋ | | | | ɒləd i/ noun the study of the ear, nose and condition in which the bony spaces become hard- ened as a result of persistent inflammation throat. Also called ENT
- Nursing.fm Page 215 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 215 ovulate otorrhagia ovarian cancer ovarian cancer /əυ veəriən k nsə/ noun a otorrhagia / əυtə reid ə/ noun bleeding from | | malignant tumour of the ovary, which occurs the external ear especially after the menopause otorrhoea otorrhoea / əυtə ri ə/ noun the discharge of | ovarian cycle ovarian cycle /əυ veəriən saik(ə)l/ noun the pus from the ear (NOTE: The US spelling is otor- | regular changes in the ovary during a woman’s rhea.) reproductive life otosclerosis otosclerosis / əυtəυsklə rəυsis/ noun a con- | ovarian cyst ovarian cyst /əυ veəriən sist/ noun a cyst dition in which the ossicles in the middle ear | which develops in the ovaries become thicker and the stapes becomes fixed to the oval window leading to deafness ovarian follicle ovarian follicle /əυ veəriən fɒlik(ə)l/ noun a | otoscope cell which contains an ovum. Also called Graa- otoscope / əυtəskəυp/ noun same as auri- fian follicle scope ovariectomy ovariectomy / əυvəri ektəmi/ noun same as otospongiosis otospongiosis / əυtə sp nd i əυsis/ noun | | | oophorectomy (NOTE: The plural is ovariecto- the formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth of mies.) the ear which occurs in otosclerosis ovariotomy ovariotomy / əυvəri ɒtəmi/ noun a surgical Otosporin Otosporin / əυtəspɒrin/ a trade name for ear | operation to remove an ovary or a tumour in an drops containing hydrocortisone, neomycin and ovary (NOTE: The plural is ovariotomies.) polymyxin ovaritis ovaritis / əυvə raitis/ noun same as oophori- ototoxic ototoxic / əυtə tɒksik/ adjective referring to a | | tis drug or an effect which is damaging to organs or ovary ovary / əυv(ə)ri/ noun one of two organs in a nerves involved in hearing or balance woman which produce ova or egg cells and outcome outcome / aυtk m/ noun a measure of the secrete the female hormone oestrogen. Also result of an intervention or treatment, e.g. the called oophoron. See illustration at UROGENITAL mortality rate following different methods of sur- SYSTEM (FEMALE) in Supplement (NOTE: The gery medical outcomes plural is ovaries. For other terms referring to outer outer / aυtə/ adjective outside or external ovaries, see words beginning with oophor-, outer ear outer ear / aυtər iə/ noun the part of the ear oophoro-.) which is on the outside of the head, together with over- over- /əυvə/ prefix too much the passage leading to the eardrum. Also called overbite overbite / əυvəbait/ noun the usual formation external ear of the teeth, in which the top incisors come down outer pleura outer pleura / aυtə plυərə/ noun same as over and in front of the bottom incisors when the parietal pleura jaws are closed out-of-body experience out-of-body experience / aυt əv bɒdi ik overcompensation overcompensation / əυvəkɒmpən seiʃ(ə)n/ | | spiəriəns/ noun an occasion when a person feels noun an attempt by a person to remove the bad as though they have left their body and, often, effects of a mistake or a fault in their character in travelled along a tunnel towards a bright light which they make too much effort, and so cause outpatient outpatient / aυtpeiʃ(ə)nt/ noun someone who some other problem comes to a hospital for treatment but does not stay overflow incontinence overflow incontinence / əυvəfləυ in | overnight She goes for treatment as an outpa- kɒntinəns/ noun a leakage of urine because the tient. Abbreviation OP. Compare inpatient bladder is too full outpatient department outpatient department / aυtpeiʃ(ə)nt di overjet overjet / əυvəd et/ noun a space which sepa- | pɑ tmənt/, outpatients’ department rates the top incisors from the bottom incisors / aυtpeiʃ(ə)nts di pɑ tmənt/, outpatients’ when the jaws are closed | clinic / aυtpeiʃ(ə)nts klinik/ noun a depart- oversew oversew / əυvəsəυ/ verb to sew a patch of tis- ment of a hospital which deals with outpatients sue over a perforation (NOTE: oversewing – outreach outreach / aυtri tʃ/ noun services provided for oversewed – oversewn) patients or the public in general, outside a hospital overt overt /əυ v t/ adjective easily seen with the | or clinic naked eye. Opposite occult ova ova / əυvə/ plural of ovum over-the-counter drug over-the-counter drug / əυvə ðə kaυntə oval window oval window / əυv(ə)l windəυ/ noun an oval dr / noun a drug which you can buy from a opening between the middle ear and the inner ear. pharmacy without a doctor’s prescription. Also Also called fenestra ovalis. See illustration at called OTC drug EAR in Supplement ovi- ovi- /əυvi/ prefix eggs or ova ovar- ovar- /əυvər/ prefix same as ovari- (used before oviduct oviduct / əυvid kt/ noun same as Fallopian vowels) tube ovari- ovari- /əυvəri/ prefix ovaries ovulate ovulate / ɒvjυleit/ verb to release a mature ovarian ovarian /əυ veəriən/ adjective referring to the ovum into a Fallopian tube (NOTE: ovulating – | ovaries ovulated)
- Nursing.fm Page 216 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM ovulation 216 ovulation oxygenator oxygenator / ɒksid ə neitə/ noun a machine ovulation / ɒvjυ leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the release of | | which puts oxygen into the blood, used as an arti- an ovum from the mature ovarian follicle into the ficial lung in surgery Fallopian tube oxygen cylinder oxygen cylinder / ɒksid ən silində/ noun a ovum ovum / əυvəm/ noun a female egg cell which, heavy metal tube which contains oxygen and is when fertilised by a spermatazoon, begins to connected to a patient’s oxygen mask develop into an embryo (NOTE: The plural is ova. oxygen mask oxygen mask / ɒksid ən mɑ sk/ noun a mask For other terms referring to ova, see words beginning with oo-.) connected to a supply of oxygen, which can be put over the face to help someone with breathing -oxacin -oxacin /ɒksəsin/ suffix quinolone drug cip- difficulties rofloxacin oxygen tent oxygen tent / ɒksid ən tent/ noun a type of oxidase oxidase / ɒksideiz/ noun an enzyme which cover put over a person so that he or she can encourages oxidation by removing hydrogen. breathe in oxygen monoamine oxidase oxygen therapy oxygen therapy / ɒksid ən θerəpi/ noun any oxidation oxidation / ɒksi deiʃ(ə)n/ noun the action of | treatment involving the administering of oxygen, making oxides by combining with oxygen or e.g. in an oxygen tent or in emergency treatment removing hydrogen for heart failure oximeter oximeter /ɒk simitə/ noun an instrument oxyhaemoglobin | oxyhaemoglobin / ɒksi hi mə ləυbin/ noun which measures the amount of oxygen in some- | | a compound of haemoglobin and oxygen, which thing, especially in blood is the way oxygen is carried in arterial blood from oxybutynin oxybutynin / ɒksi bju tənin/, oxybutinin the lungs to the tissues. haemoglobin (NOTE: | noun a drug which reduces the need to pass urine The US spelling is oxyhemoglobin.) oxycephalic oxycephalic / ɒksikə f lik/ adjective refer- oxyntic oxyntic /ɒk sintik/ adjective referring to glands | | ring to oxycephaly and cells in the stomach which produce acid oxycephaly oxycephaly / ɒksi kefəli/ noun a condition in oxyntic cell oxyntic cell /ɒk sintik sel/ noun a cell in the | | which the skull is shaped into a point, with exoph- gastric gland which secretes hydrochloric acid. thalmos and poor sight. Also called turricephaly Also called parietal cell oxygen oxygen / ɒksid ən/ noun a chemical element oxytetracycline oxytetracycline / ɒksi tetrə saikli n/ noun | | that is a common colourless gas which is present an antibiotic which is effective against a wide in the air and essential to human life (NOTE: The range of organisms chemical symbol is O.) oxytocic oxytocic / ɒksi təυsik/ noun a drug which | oxygenate oxygenate / ɒksid əneit/ verb to combine helps to start the process of childbirth, or speeds it up í adjective starting or speeding up child- blood with oxygen (NOTE: oxygenating – oxy- birth by causing contractions in the muscles of the genated) uterus oxygenated blood oxygenated blood / ɒksid əneitid bl d/ oxytocin oxytocin / ɒksi təυsin/ noun a hormone noun blood which has received oxygen in the | secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, which lungs and is being carried to the tissues along the controls the contractions of the uterus and encour- arteries. Also called arterial blood. Compare ages the flow of milk deoxygenated blood (NOTE: Oxygenated blood ozone is brighter red than venous deoxygenated ozone / əυzəυn/ noun a gas present in the blood.) atmosphere in small quantities, which is harmful at high levels of concentration oxygenation oxygenation / ɒksid ə neiʃ(ə)n/ noun the | ozone sickness ozone sickness / əυzəυn siknəs/ noun a fact of becoming combined or filled with oxygen Blood is carried along the pulmonary artery to condition experienced by jet travellers, due to lev- the lungs for oxygenation. els of ozone in aircraft
- Nursing.fm Page 217 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM P Pa paediatrician Pa abbreviation pascal paediatrician / pi diə triʃ(ə)n/ noun a doctor | who specialises in the treatment of diseases of pacemaker pacemaker / peismeikə/ noun 1. a node in the children heart which regulates the heartbeat. Also called sinoatrial node, SA node 2. cardiac pace- paediatrics paediatrics / pi di triks/ noun the study of | maker, epicardial pacemaker children, their development and diseases. Com- pachy- pare geriatrics pachy- /p ki/ prefix thickening pachydactyly paedo- pachydactyly / p ki d ktili/ noun a condi- paedo- /pi dəυ/ prefix referring to children | tion in which the fingers and toes become thicker paedodontia paedodontia / pi də dɒnʃə/ noun another | than usual spelling of pedodontia pachydermia pachydermia / p ki d miə/, pachyderma Paget’s disease Paget’s disease / p d əts di zi z/ noun 1. | | / p ki d mə/ noun a condition in which the skin same as osteitis deformans 2. a form of breast | becomes thicker than normal cancer which starts as an itchy rash round the nip- pachymeningitis pachymeningitis / p ki menin d aitis/ ple [Described 1877. After Sir James Paget | | noun inflammation of the dura mater (1814–99), British surgeon.] pachyonychia pachyonychia / p kiə nikiə/ noun unusual pain pain /pein/ noun the feeling of severe discomfort | thickness of the nails which a person has when hurt The doctor gave pachysomia pachysomia / p ki səυmiə/ noun a condition him an injection to relieve the pain. She is suf- | in which soft tissues of the body become unusu- fering from back pain. (NOTE: Pain can be used ally thick in the plural to show that it recurs: She has pacing pacing / peisiŋ/ noun a surgical operation to pains in her left leg.) implant or attach a cardiac pacemaker pain clinic pain clinic / pein klinik/ noun a centre which Pacinian corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle /pə siniən kɔ p s(ə)l/ looks after people with severe persistent pain and | noun a sensory nerve ending in the skin which is whose staff include professionals from many spe- sensitive to touch and vibrations cialist areas of medicine pack pack /p k/ noun a tampon of gauze or cotton painkiller painkiller / pein kilə/ noun a drug that reduces | wool, used to fill an orifice such as the nose or pain vagina í verb to fill an orifice with a tampon pain pathway pain pathway / pein pɑ θwei/ noun a series The ear was packed with cotton wool to absorb of linking nerve fibres and neurones which carry the discharge. impulses of pain from the site to the sensory cor- packed cell volume packed cell volume / p kt sel vɒlju m/ tex noun the volume of red blood cells in a person’s pain receptor pain receptor / pein ri septə/ noun a nerve blood shown against the total volume of blood. | ending which is sensitive to pain Also called haematocrit pain relief pain relief / pein ri li f/ noun the act of easing PACT PACT /p kt/ abbreviation prescribing analyses | pain by using analgesics and cost paint paint /peint/ noun a coloured antiseptic, analge- pad pad /p d/ noun a piece or mass of soft absorbent sic or astringent liquid which is put on the surface material, placed on part of the body to protect it of the body í verb to cover a wound with an anti- She wrapped a pad of soft cotton wool round the septic, analgesic or astringent liquid or lotion sore. She painted the rash with calamine. paed- paed- /pi d/ prefix same as paedo- (used before pain threshold pain threshold / pein θreʃhəυld/ noun the vowels) point at which a person finds it impossible to bear paediatric paediatric / pi di trik/ adjective referring to | pain without crying the treatment of the diseases of children A new palate palate / p lət/ noun the roof of the mouth and paediatric hospital has been opened. Parents can visit children in the paediatric wards at any floor of the nasal cavity, formed of the hard and time. soft palates
- Nursing.fm Page 218 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM palate bone 218 palate bone palpation palpation /p l peiʃ(ə)n/ noun an examination palate bone / p lət bəυn/ noun one of two | of part of the body by feeling it with the hand bones which form part of the hard palate, the orbits of the eyes and the cavity behind the nose. palpebra palpebra / p lpibrə/ noun same as eyelid Also called palatine bone (NOTE: The plural is palpebrae.) palatine palatine / p lətain/ adjective referring to the palpebral palpebral / p lpibrəl/ adjective referring to the palate eyelids palatine bone palatine bone / p lətain bəυn/ noun same as palpitation palpitation / p lpi teiʃ(ə)n/ noun awareness | palate bone that the heart is beating rapidly or irregularly, pos- sibly caused by stress or by a disease palatine tonsil palatine tonsil / p lətain tɒns(ə)l/ noun pan- same as tonsil pan- /p n/ prefix referring to everything palato- panacea panacea / p nə si ə/ noun a medicine which is palato- /p lətəυ/ prefix the palate | supposed to cure everything palatoplasty palatoplasty / p lətəpl sti/ noun plastic sur- panarthritis panarthritis / p nɑ θraitis/ noun inflamma- gery of the roof of the mouth, e.g. to repair a cleft | tion of all the tissues of a joint or of all the joints palate in the body palatoplegia palatoplegia / p lətə pli d ə/ noun paralysis | pancarditis pancarditis / p nkɑ daitis/ noun inflamma- of the soft palate | tion of all the tissues in the heart, i.e. the heart palatorrhaphy palatorrhaphy / p lə tɔ rəfi/ noun a surgical | muscle, the endocardium and the pericardium operation to suture and close a cleft palate. Also pancreas pancreas / p ŋkriəs/ noun a gland which lies called staphylorrhaphy, uraniscorrhaphy across the back of the body between the kidneys. pali- pali- /p li/ prefix same as palin- See illustration at DIGESTIVE SYSTEM in Supple- palin- palin- / p lin/ prefix repeating ment palindromic palindromic / p lin drəυmik/ adjective pancreatectomy pancreatectomy / p ŋkriə tektəmi/ noun | | recurring a palindromic disease the surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas palliative palliative / p liətiv/ noun a treatment or drug pancreatic pancreatic / p ŋkri tik/ adjective referring | which relieves symptoms but does nothing to cure to the pancreas the disease which causes the symptoms. For pancreatic duct pancreatic duct / p ŋkri tik d kt/ noun a | example, a painkiller can reduce the pain in a duct leading through the pancreas to the duode- tooth, but will not cure the caries which causes the num pain. í adjective providing relief pancreatic juice pancreatic juice / p ŋkri tik d u s/, pan- palliative care palliative care / p liətiv keə/, palliative creatic secretion / p ŋkri tik si kri ʃ(ə)n/ | treatment / p liətiv tri tmənt/ noun treatment noun a digestive juice, formed of enzymes pro- which helps to reduce the symptoms of a disease, duced by the pancreas, which digests fats and car- especially a terminal or chronic condition, but bohydrates does not cure it pancreatin pancreatin / p ŋkriətin/ noun a substance COMMENT: Palliative care may involve giving made from enzymes secreted by the pancreas, antibiotics, transfusions, pain-killing drugs, used to treat someone whose pancreas does not low-dose chemotherapy and psychological produce pancreatic enzymes and social support to help the person and pancreatitis pancreatitis / p ŋkriə taitis/ noun inflamma- their family adjust to the illness. The treat- | tion of the pancreas ment is often provided in a hospice. pancreatomy pancreatomy / p ŋkri təmi/, pancreatot- pallidotomy pallidotomy / p li dɒtəmi/ noun an operation | | omy / p ŋkriə tɒtəmi/ noun a surgical opera- on the brain which can reduce many of the symp- | tion to open the pancreatic duct toms of Parkinson’s disease, such as tremor, pancytopenia pancytopenia / p nsaitə pi niə/ noun a con- bradykinesia and stooped posture | dition in which there are too few red and white pallor pallor / p lə/ noun the condition of being pale blood cells and blood platelets palm palm /pɑ m/ noun the inner surface of the hand, pandemic pandemic /p n demik/ noun an epidemic dis- extending from the bases of the fingers to the | ease which affects many parts of the world. Com- wrist pare endemic, epidemic í adjective wide- palmar palmar / p lmə/ adjective referring to the palm spread of the hand panhysterectomy panhysterectomy / p nhistə rektmi/ noun | palmar arch palmar arch / p lmər ɑ tʃ/ noun one of two the surgical removal of all the uterus and the cer- arches or joins within the palm formed by two vix arteries which link together panic panic / p nik/ noun a feeling of great fear palmar fascia palmar fascia / p lmə feiʃə/ noun the ten- which cannot be stopped and which sometimes dons in the palm of the hand results in irrational behaviour He was in a palpate palpate /p l peit/ verb to examine part of the panic as he sat in the consultant’s waiting room. | í verb to be suddenly afraid body by feeling it with the hand She panicked
- Nursing.fm Page 219 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 219 parageusia papillomatosis when the surgeon told her she might need to have papillomatosis / p piləυmə təυsis/ noun | an operation. being affected with papillomata panic attack panic attack / p nik ə t k/ noun a sudden papillotomy papillotomy / p pi lɒtəmi/ noun the opera- | | onset of panic tion of cutting into the body at the point where the panic disorder common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet to go panic disorder / p nik dis ɔ də/ noun a con- | into the duodenum, in order to improve bile drain- dition in which somebody has frequent panic age and allow any stones to pass out attacks papovavirus panniculitis papovavirus /pə pəυvəvairəs/ noun a family panniculitis /pə nikjυ laitis/ noun inflamma- | | | of viruses which start tumours, some of which are tion of the panniculus adiposus, producing tender malignant, and some of which, such as warts, are swellings on the thighs and breasts benign panniculus panniculus /pə nikjυləs/ noun a layer of | Pap test Pap test / p p test/, Pap smear / p p smiə/ membranous tissue noun same as Papanicolaou test panniculus adiposus panniculus adiposus /pə nikjυləs di | | papular papular / p pjυlə/ adjective referring to a pəυsəs/ noun a layer of fat underneath the skin papule pannus pannus / p nəs/ noun a growth on the cornea papule papule / p pju l/ noun a small coloured spot containing tiny blood vessels raised above the surface of the skin as part of a panophthalmia panophthalmia / p nɒf θ lmiə/, panoph- | rash (NOTE: A flat spot is a macule.) thalmitis / p nɒfθ l maitis/ noun inflamma- | papulo- papulo- /p pjυləυ/ prefix relating to a papule tion of the whole of the eye panosteitis papulopustular panosteitis / p nɒsti aitis/, panostitis papulopustular / p pjυləυ p stjυlə/ adjec- | | / p nɒ staitis/ noun inflammation of the whole tive referring to a rash with both papules and pus- | of a bone tules panotitis papulosquamous panotitis / p nəυ taitis/ noun inflammation papulosquamous / p pjυləυ skweiməs/ | | affecting all of the ear, but especially the middle adjective referring to a rash with papules and a ear scaly skin panproctocolectomy para- panproctocolectomy / p nprɒktəkə para- /p rə/ prefix 1. similar to or near 2. | lektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of the whole changed or beyond of the rectum and the colon paracentesis paracentesis / p rəsen ti sis/ noun the pro- | pant- pant- /p nt/ prefix same as pan- cedure of draining fluid from a cavity inside the body using a hollow needle, either for diagnostic panto- panto- /p ntəυ/ prefix same as pan- purposes or because the fluid is harmful. Also pantothenic acid pantothenic acid / p ntəθenik sid/ noun called tapping a vitamin of the vitamin B complex, found in paracetamol paracetamol / p rə si təmɒl/ noun a com- liver, yeast and eggs | mon drug used to relieve mild to moderate pain Papanicolaou test Papanicolaou test / p pənikə leiu test/ | and reduce fever (NOTE: The US name is aceta- noun a method of staining samples from various minophen.) body secretions to test for malignancy, e.g. testing paracusis paracusis / p rə kju sis/, paracousia / p rə a cervical smear sample to see if cancer is present. | | ku siə/ noun a disorder of hearing Also called Pap test [Described 1933. After paradoxical breathing George Nicholas Papanicolaou (1883–1962), paradoxical breathing / p rədɒksik(ə)l Greek anatomist and physician who worked in bri ðiŋ/, paradoxical respiration the USA.] / p rədɒksik(ə)l respi reiʃ(ə)n/ noun a condi- | papaveretum tion affecting someone with broken ribs, where papaveretum /pə p və ri təm/ noun a prepa- | | the chest appears to move in when he or she ration of opium used to reduce pain breathes in, and appears to move out when he or papilla papilla /pə pilə/ noun a small swelling which | she breathes out sticks up above the usual surface level The paradoxus / p rə dɒksəs/ pulsus para- paradoxus upper surface of the tongue is covered with papil- | doxus lae. (NOTE: The plural is papillae.) paraesthesia papillary paraesthesia / p ri s θi ziə/ noun an unex- papillary /pə piləri/ adjective referring to papil- | | plained tingling sensation. pins and needles lae (NOTE: The plural is paraesthesiae.) papillitis papillitis / p pi laitis/ noun inflammation of | paraffin paraffin / p rəfin/ noun an oil produced from the optic disc at the back of the eye petroleum, forming the base of some ointments, papilloedema papilloedema / p piləυ di mə/ noun an accu- | and also used for heating and light mulation of fluid in the optic disc at the back of paraffin gauze paraffin gauze / p rəfin ɔ z/ noun gauze the eye covered with solid paraffin, used as a dressing papilloma papilloma / p pi ləυmə/ noun a benign | parageusia parageusia / p rə ju siə/ noun a disorder of tumour on the skin or mucous membrane (NOTE: | the sense of taste The plural is papillomas or papillomata.)
- Nursing.fm Page 220 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM paralyse 220 paralyse paranoid schizophrenia paranoid schizophrenia / p rənɔid paralyse / p rəlaiz/ verb to make a part of the skitsəυ fri niə/ noun a form of schizophrenia in body unable to carry out voluntary movements by | which the person believes he or she is being per- weakening or damaging muscles or nerves so that secuted they cannot function, or by using a drug His arm was paralysed after the stroke. She is par- paraparesis paraparesis / p rəpə ri sis/ noun incomplete | alysed from the waist down. paralysis of the legs paralysis paralysis /pə r ləsis/ noun a condition in paraphimosis paraphimosis / p rəfai məυsis/ noun a con- | | which part of the body cannot be moved because dition in which the foreskin around the penis is the motor nerves have been damaged or the mus- tight and may have to be removed by circumci- cles have been weakened The condition causes sion paralysis of the lower limbs. He suffered tem- paraplegia paraplegia / p rə pli d ə/ noun paralysis | porary paralysis of the right arm. which affects the lower part of the body and the paralytic paralytic / p rə litik/ adjective 1. referring to legs, usually caused by an injury to the spinal cord | paralysis 2. referring to a person who is paralysed paraplegic paraplegic / p rə pli d ik/ noun someone | who has paraplegia í adjective paralysed in the paralytic ileus paralytic ileus / p rəlitik iliəs/ noun an lower part of the body and legs obstruction in the ileum caused by paralysis of the muscles of the intestine. Also called adynamic paraprofessional paraprofessional / p rəprə feʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ | ileus noun somebody with training who acts as an assistant to a professional person paramedian paramedian / p rə mi diən/ adjective near | parapsychology the midline of the body parapsychology / p rəsai kɒləd i/ noun the | study of effects of the mind which appear not to paramedian plane paramedian plane / p rə mi diən plein/ | be explained by known psychological or scientific noun a plane near the midline of the body, parallel principles, e.g. extrasensory perception and telep- to the sagittal plane and at right angles to the coro- athy nal plane. See illustration at ANATOMICAL TERMS Paraquat Paraquat / p rəkwɒt/ a trade name for dime- in Supplement thyl dupyridilium used as a weedkiller paramedic paramedic / p rə medik/ noun a person | parasagittal parasagittal / p rə s d it(ə)l/ adjective near whose work involves the restoration of health and | the midline of the body normal functioning parasagittal plane parasagittal plane / p rə s d it(ə)l plein/ parameter parameter /pə r mitə/ noun a measurement of | | noun a plane near the midline of the body, parallel something such as blood pressure which may be to the sagittal plane and at right angles to the coro- an important consideration in treating the condi- nal plane. Also called paramedian plane. See tion which the person has illustration at ANATOMICAL TERMS in Supplement parametritis parametritis / p rəmi traitis/ noun inflam- | parasite parasite / p rəsait/ noun a plant or animal mation of the parametrium which lives on or inside another organism and parametrium parametrium / p rə mi triəm/ noun the con- draws nourishment from that organism | nective tissue around the uterus parasitic parasitic / p rə sitik/ adjective referring to paranasal | paranasal / p rə neiz(ə)l/ adjective by the parasites | side of the nose parasitic cyst parasitic cyst / p rəsitik sist/ noun a cyst paranasal sinus paranasal sinus / p rəneiz(ə)l sainəs/, caused by the growing larvae of a parasite in the paranasal air sinus / p rəneiz(ə)l eə sainəs/ body noun one of the four pairs of sinuses in the skull parasiticide parasiticide / p rə saitisaid/ noun a sub- | near the nose, which open into the nasal cavity stance which kills parasites í adjective killing and are lined with sticky mucus (NOTE: They are parasites the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal parasuicide parasuicide / p rə su isaid/ noun an act sinuses.) | where someone tries to kill himself or herself, but paranoia paranoia / p rə nɔiə/ noun a behaviour char- without really intending to do so, rather as a way | acterised by mistaken ideas or delusions of perse- of drawing attention to his or her psychological cution or self-importance condition paranoiac paranoiac / p rə nɔi k/ noun a person parasympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system | affected by paranoia / p rəsimpə θetik n vəs sistəm/, parasym- | paranoid paranoid / p rənɔid/ adjective having a fixed pathetic system / p rəsimpə θetik sistəm/ | delusion noun one of two parts of the autonomic nervous system. Its messages reach the organs of the body paranoid disorder paranoid disorder / p rənɔid dis ɔ də/ | through the cranial and sacral nerves to the eyes, noun a mental disorder which causes someone the gastrointestinal system and other organs. experiencing it to believe strongly that something sympathetic nervous system is not right with them, with someone else or with parasympatholytic parasympatholytic / p rəsim p θə litik/ the world generally and to maintain the belief | | even when given evidence against it noun a drug which reduces the effects of the par-
- Nursing.fm Page 221 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 221 parous asympathetic nervous system by relaxing smooth giving injections of glucose to someone critically muscle, reducing the amount of sweat and saliva ill produced and widening the pupil of the eye. An parenting parenting / peərəntiŋ/ noun the activities example is atropine. í adjective relating to a par- involved in bringing up children parenting asympatholytic drug skills the abilities and experience that make parasympathomimetic parasympathomimetic / p rəsim someone a good parent | p θəυmi metik/ noun a drug which stimulates paresis paresis /pə ri sis/ noun partial paralysis | | the parasympathetic nervous system by making parietal parietal /pə raiət(ə)l/ adjective referring to the smooth muscle more tense, widening the blood | wall of a cavity or any organ vessels, slowing the heart rate, increasing the parietal bone parietal bone /pə raiət(ə)l bəυn/, parietal /pə amount of sweat and saliva produced and con- | | tracting the pupil of the eye í adjective produc- raiət(ə)l/ noun one of two bones which form the sides of the skull ing effects similar to those of a parasympathomi- metic drug parietal cell parietal cell /pə raiət(ə)l sel/ noun same as | parathormone parathormone / p rə θɔ məυn/ noun the oxyntic cell | hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands parietal lobe parietal lobe /pə raiət(ə)l ləυb/ noun the mid- | which regulates the level of calcium in blood dle lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, which is plasma. Also called parathyroid hormone associated with language and other mental proc- parathyroid parathyroid / p rə θairɔid/ noun same as esses, and also contains the postcentral gyrus | parathyroid gland í adjective 1. relating to a parietal pleura parietal pleura /pə raiət(ə)l plυərə/ noun a | parathyroid gland 2. located close to the thyroid membrane attached to the diaphragm and cover- gland ing the chest cavity. Also called outer pleura. parathyroidectomy parathyroidectomy / p rə θairɔi dektəmi/ See illustration at LUNGS in Supplement | | noun the surgical removal of a parathyroid gland -parin -parin /pərin/ suffix used for anticoagulants parathyroid gland parathyroid gland / p rə θairɔid l nd/ heparin | noun one of four small glands which are situated Paris / p ris/ plaster of Paris Paris in or near the wall of the thyroid gland and secrete parity parity / p riti/ noun 1. equality of status or a hormone which controls the way in which cal- position, especially in terms of pay or rank 2. the cium and phosphorus are deposited in bones number of children that a woman has given birth parathyroid hormone parathyroid hormone / p rə θairɔid to | hɔ məυn/ noun same as parathormone Parkinsonism Parkinsonism / pɑ kinsəniz(ə)m/ noun a paratyphoid paratyphoid / p rə taifɔid/, paratyphoid progressive nervous disorder, which may be an | fever / p rə taifɔid fi və/ noun an infectious effect of some drugs, repeated head injuries or | disease which has similar symptoms to typhoid brain tumours. The main symptoms are trembling and is caused by bacteria transmitted by humans hands and a slow shuffling walk. Also called or animals paralysis agitans COMMENT: There are three forms of paraty- Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease / pɑ kinsənz di zi z/ phoid fever, known by the letters A, B, and C, | noun a progressive nervous disorder without a caused by three types of bacterium, Salmo- known cause which is a type of Parkinsonism, the nella paratyphi A, B, and C. TAB injections main symptoms of which are trembling hands, a give immunity against paratyphoid A and B, slow shuffling walk and difficulty in speaking but not against C. [Described 1817. After James Parkinson (1755– paravertebral paravertebral / p rə v tibrəl/ adjective near | 1824), English physician.] the vertebrae, beside the spinal column paronychia paronychia / p rə nikiə/ noun inflammation paravertebral injection paravertebral injection / p rəv tibrəl in | | near the nail which forms pus, caused by an infec- d ekʃən/ noun an injection of local anaesthetic tion in the fleshy part of the tip of a finger. whit- into the back near the vertebrae low parenchyma parenchyma /pə reŋkimə/ noun tissues which parosmia | parosmia /pə rɒzmiə/ noun a disorder of the contain the working cells of an organ | sense of smell parenchymal parenchymal /pə reŋkiməl/ adjective relating parotid | parotid /pə rɒtid/ adjective near the ear to parenchyma | parotid gland parotid gland /pə rɒtid l nd/, parotid /pə parenteral parenteral /p rentərəl/ adjective referring to | | | rɒtid/ noun one of the glands which produces medication which is not given by mouth but in the saliva, situated in the neck behind the joint of the form of injections or suppositories. Compare jaw and ear enteral, oral parotitis parotitis / p rə taitis/ noun inflammation of parenteral nutrition parenteral nutrition /p rentərəl nju | | | the parotid glands triʃ(ə)n/, parenteral feeding /p rentərəl | parous parous / peərəs/ adjective referring to a woman fi diŋ/ noun the process of feeding someone by means other than the digestive tract, especially by who has given birth to one or more children
- Nursing.fm Page 222 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM paroxetine 222 paroxetine uterus or by a person through an injection with an paroxetine /pə rɒksiti n/ noun an antidepres- | antitoxin sant drug which prolongs the effects of serotonin in the brain passive movement passive movement / p siv mu vmənt/ paroxysm noun movement of a limb or other body part by a paroxysm / p rəksiz(ə)m/ noun a sudden doctor or therapist, not by the person movement of the muscles She suffered parox- ysms of coughing during the night. passive smoking passive smoking / p siv sməυkiŋ/ noun paroxysmal paroxysmal / p rək sizm(ə)l/ adjective refer- the act of breathing in smoke from other people’s | ring to a paroxysm, or similar to a paroxysm cigarettes when you do not smoke yourself paroxysmal dyspnoea pass on paroxysmal dyspnoea /p rək sizm(ə)l pass on / pɑ s ɒn/ verb 1. to give a disease to | disp ni ə/ noun an attack of breathlessness at someone Haemophilia is passed on by a | night, usually caused by congestive heart failure woman to her sons. The disease was quickly passed on by carriers to the rest of the population. paroxysmal tachycardia paroxysmal tachycardia /p rək sizm(ə)l | 2. used to avoid saying ‘die’ My father passed t ki kɑ diə/ noun same as nodal tachycardia | on two years ago. pars pars /pɑ z/ noun the Latin word for part pass out pass out / pɑ s aυt/ verb to faint (informal ) partially partially / pɑ ʃ(ə)li/ adverb not completely When we told her that her father was ill, she He is partially paralysed in his right side. par- passed out. tially sighted having only partial vision Large pasteurisation pasteurisation / pɑ stʃərai zeiʃ(ə)n/, pas- print books are available for people who are par- | teurization noun the process of heating food or tially sighted. food products to destroy bacteria [After Louis partially sighted register partially sighted register / pɑ ʃ(ə)li saitid Pasteur (1822–95), French chemist and bacteri- red istə/ noun a list of people who have poor ologist.] sight but are not blind, and may require some spe- pasteurise pasteurise / pɑ stʃəraiz/, pasteurize verb to cial services kill bacteria in food by heating it The govern- partial mastectomy partial mastectomy / pɑ ʃ(ə)l m stektəmi/ | ment is telling people to drink only pasteurised noun an operation to remove part of a breast milk. partial thickness burn partial thickness burn / pɑ ʃ(ə)l θiknəs pastille pastille / p st(ə)l/ noun a sweet jelly with med- b n/ noun a burn which leaves enough tissue for ication in it, which can be sucked to relieve a sore the skin to grow again. Also called superficial throat thickness burn patch particle patch /p tʃ/ noun a piece of sticking plaster particle / pɑ tik(ə)l/ noun a very small piece of with a substance on it, which is stuck to the skin matter to allow the substance to be gradually absorbed particulate particulate /pɑ tikjυlət/ adjective referring to | into the system through the skin, e.g. in HRT or composed of particles patch test patch test / p tʃ test/ noun a test for allergies particulate matter particulate matter /pɑ tikjυlət m tə/ noun | or tuberculosis, where a piece of sticking plaster particles of less than a specified size, usually of containing an allergic substance or tuberculin is carbon, which are used as a measure of air pollu- stuck to the skin to see if there is a reaction tion and can affect asthma patella patella /pə telə/ noun the small bone in front of parturient parturient /pɑ tjυəriənt/ adjective referring | | the knee joint. Also called kneecap to childbirth patellar patellar /pə telə/ adjective referring to the parturition parturition / pɑ tjυ riʃ(ə)n/ noun same as | | kneecap childbirth patellar reflex parv- patellar reflex /pə telə ri fleks/ noun the jerk parv- /pɑ v/, parvo- prefix small | made as a reflex action by the knee, when the legs pass pass /pɑ s/ verb to allow faeces, urine or any are crossed and the patellar tendon is tapped other body product to come out of the body sharply. Also called knee jerk Have you passed anything this morning? He patellar tendon patellar tendon /pə telə tendən/ noun a ten- passed a small stone in his urine. to pass blood | to produce faeces or urine that contain blood to don just below the kneecap pass water to urinate (informal ) patellectomy patellectomy / p tə lektəmi/ noun a surgical | passage passage / p sid / noun 1. a long narrow chan- operation to remove the kneecap nel inside the body 2. the introduction of an patent patent / peitənt, p tənt/ adjective open, instrument into a cavity exposed The presence of a pulse shows that the pass away pass away / pɑ s ə wei/ verb used to avoid main blood vessels from the heart to the site of the | saying ‘die’ (informal ) Mother passed away pulse are patent. during the night. patent ductus arteriosus patent ductus arteriosus / peitənt d ktəs passive passive / p siv/ adjective receiving rather than ɑ tiəri əυsəs/ noun a congenital condition in | | initiating an action which the ductus arteriosus does not close, allow- passive immunity passive immunity / p siv i mju niti/ noun ing blood into the circulation without having | immunity which is acquired by a baby in the passed through the lungs
- Nursing.fm Page 223 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 223 peau d’orange patent medicine -pathy patent medicine / peitənt med(ə)sin/ noun -pathy /pəθi/ suffix disease a medicinal preparation which is made and sold patient patient / peiʃ(ə)nt/ noun a person who is in under a trade name and is protected by law from hospital or who is being treated by a doctor The being copied or sold by other manufacturers for a patients are all asleep in their beds. The doctor certain length of time after its invention. propri- is taking the patient’s temperature. etary medicine patient allocation patient allocation / peiʃ(ə)nt lə keiʃ(ə)n/| paternity paternity /pə t niti/ noun the fact of being or noun a system of assigning each patient to a par- | becoming a father paternity leave Compare ticular nurse for all their care needs maternity patient-group direction patient-group direction / peiʃ(ə)nt ru p paternity test paternity test /pə t niti test/ noun a test such dai rekʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of PGD | | as blood grouping which makes it possible to patient identifier patient identifier / peiʃ(ə)nt ai dentifaiə/ | determine the identity of the father of a child noun a code of letters and numbers attached to the COMMENT: DNA fingerprinting may be re- patient’s medical records by which all informa- quired in order to identify a man who might tion concerning the patient can be tracked, e.g. be the father according to his blood group cause of death and that of the child, but is not in fact the fa- Paul–Bunnell reaction Paul–Bunnell reaction / pɔ l b n(ə)l ri ther. | kʃən/, Paul–Bunnell test / pɔ l b n(ə)l path- path- /p θ/, patho- /p θəυ/ prefix referring to test/ noun a blood test to see if someone has disease glandular fever, where the person’s blood is tested pathogen pathogen / p θəd ən/ noun a microorganism against a solution containing glandular fever which causes a disease bacilli [Described 1932. After John Rodman pathogenesis pathogenesis / p θə d enəsis/ noun the ori- Paul (1893–1971), US physician; Walls Willard | gin, production and development of a morbid or Bunnell (1902–66), US physician.] diseased condition pavement epithelium pavement epithelium / peivmənt epi | pathogenic pathogenic / p θə d enik/ adjective causing θi liəm/ noun same as squamous epithelium | or producing a disease Pavlov’s method Pavlov’s method / p vlɒvz meθəd/ noun a pathogenicity pathogenicity / p θəd ə nisiti/ noun the set of procedures for the study or production of | conditioned reflexes ability of a pathogen to cause a disease PBI test pathognomonic PBI test / pi bi ai test/ noun same as protein- pathognomonic / p θə nəυ mɒnik/ adjec- | tive referring to a symptom which is typical and bound iodine test characteristic, and which indicates that someone p.c. p.c. / pi si / adverb (used on prescriptions) has a particular disease after food. Full form post cibum pathological pathological / p θə lɒd ik(ə)l/, pathologic PCC PCC abbreviation Professional Conduct Com- | / p θə lɒd ik/ adjective 1. referring to a disease, mittee | or caused by a disease 2. indicating a disease PCG PCG abbreviation primary care group pathological depression pathological depression / p θəlɒd ik(ə)l PCOD PCOD abbreviation polycystic ovary disease di preʃ(ə)n/ noun an unusually severe state of | PCOS PCOS abbreviation polycystic ovary syndrome depression, possibly leading to suicide PCP PCP abbreviation pneumocystis carinii pneumo- pathological dislocation pathological dislocation / p θəlɒd ik(ə)l nia dislə keiʃ(ə)n/ noun the dislocation of a dis- | PCT PCT abbreviation primary care trust eased joint p.d. p.d. adverb (used on prescriptions) per day. Full pathological fracture pathological fracture / p θəlɒd ik(ə)l form per diem fr ktʃə/ noun a fracture of a diseased bone PDA PDA / pi di ei/ noun a handheld computer with pathologist pathologist /pə θɒləd ist/ noun 1. a doctor | various functions, e.g. information storage and who specialises in the study of diseases and the digital notetaking. Full form personal digital changes in the body caused by disease, examining assistant tissue specimens from patients and reporting on PE PE abbreviation pulmonary embolism the presence or absence of disease in them 2. a doctor who examines dead bodies in order to find peak expiratory flow rate peak expiratory flow rate / pi k ik | out the cause of death spaiərət(ə)ri fləυ reit/ noun the rate at which pathology pathology /pə θɒləd i/ noun the study of dis- someone can expel air from their lungs when they | eases and the changes in structure and function are full and with no time limit. Abbreviation which diseases cause in the body. Also called PEFR morbid anatomy Pearson bed Pearson bed / piəs(ə)n bed/ noun a type of pathology report pathology report /pə θɒləd i ri pɔ t/ noun a bed with a Balkan frame, a rectangular frame | | report on tests carried out to find the cause of a attached to and overhanging the bed, used mainly disease for people with splints pathophysiology peau d’orange pathophysiology / p θəυfizi ɒləd i/ noun peau d’orange / pəυ dɒ rɑ n / noun thick- | | the study of unusual or diseased organs ened skin with many little depressions caused by
- Nursing.fm Page 224 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM PEC 224 pee lymphoedema which forms over a breast tumour pee /pi / verb same as urinate (informal ) or in elephantiasis (NOTE: From the French peel peel /pi l/ verb 1. to take the skin off a fruit or phrase meaning ‘orange peel’.) vegetable 2. (of skin) to come off in pieces After PEC PEC / pi i si / noun the committee responsible getting sunburnt, his skin began to peel. for the day-to-day management of a Primary Care PEEP PEEP abbreviation positive end-expiratory pres- Trust and for developing service policies and sure investment plans. Full form Professional Exec- peer review peer review / piə ri vju / noun an assessment utive Committee | of a piece of someone’s work by people who are pecten pecten / pektən/ noun 1. the middle section of experts on the subject the wall of the anal passage 2. a hard ridge on the PEFR PEFR abbreviation peak expiratory flow rate pubis Pel–Ebstein fever Pel–Ebstein fever / pel ebstain fi və/ noun pectineal pectineal /pek tiniəl/ adjective referring to the | a fever associated with Hodgkin’s disease which pecten of the pubis recurs regularly [Described 1885. After Pieter pectoral pectoral / pekt(ə)rəl/ noun 1. a therapeutic Klaases Pel (1852–1919), Professor of Medicine substance which has a good effect on respiratory in Amsterdam, Netherlands; Wilhelm Ebstein disease 2. same as pectoral muscle í adjective (1836–1912), Professor of Medicine at Göttin- referring to the chest gen, Germany.] pectoral girdle pectoral girdle / pekt(ə)rəl d(ə)l/ noun pellagra pellagra /pə l rə/ noun a disease caused by a the shoulder bones, the scapulae and clavicles, to | deficiency of nicotinic acid, riboflavine and pyri- which the upper arm bones are attached. Also doxine from the vitamin B complex, where called shoulder girdle patches of skin become inflamed, and the person pectoralis pectoralis / pektə reilis/ noun a chest muscle has anorexia, nausea and diarrhoea | pectoralis major pectoralis major /pektə reilis meid ə/ noun pellet | pellet / pelit/ noun a small rod- or oval-shaped a large chest muscle which pulls the arm forward pill of steroid hormone, usually either oestrogen or rotates it or testosterone, that is implanted under the skin pectoralis minor pectoralis minor /pektə reilis mainə/ noun for slow absorption | a small chest muscle which allows the shoulder to pelvic pelvic / pelvik/ adjective referring to the pelvis be depressed pelvic brim pelvic brim / pelvik brim/ noun a line on the pectoral muscle pectoral muscle / pekt(ə)rəl m s(ə)l/ noun ilium which separates the false pelvis from the one of two muscles which lie across the chest and true pelvis control movements of the shoulder and arm. Also pelvic cavity pelvic cavity / pelvik k viti/ noun a space called chest muscle below the abdominal cavity, above the pelvis pectus pectus / pektəs/ noun the anterior part of the pelvic colon pelvic colon / pelvik kəυlɒn/ noun same as chest sigmoid colon pectus carinatum pectus carinatum / pektəs k ri nɑ təm/ | pelvic diaphragm pelvic diaphragm / pelvik daiəfr m/ noun noun a condition in which the sternum is unusu- ally prominent. Also called pigeon breast a sheet of muscle between the pelvic cavity and the peritoneum pectus excavatum pectus excavatum / pektəs ekskə veitəm/ | pelvic floor noun a congenital condition, in which the chest is pelvic floor / pelvik flɔ / noun the lower part depressed in the centre because the lower part of of the space beneath the pelvic girdle, formed of the breastbone is curved backwards. Also called muscle funnel chest pelvic fracture pelvic fracture / pelvik fr ktʃə/ noun a frac- pedicle pedicle / pedik(ə)l/ noun a long thin piece of ture of the pelvis skin which attaches a skin graft to the place where pelvic girdle pelvic girdle / pelvik d(ə)l/ noun the ring it was growing originally formed by the two hip bones to which the thigh pediculosis pediculosis /pi dikjυ ləυsis/ noun a skin dis- bones are attached. Also called hip girdle | | ease caused by being infested with lice pelvic inflammatory disease pelvic inflammatory disease / pelvik in | Pediculus Pediculus /pi dikjυləs/ noun same as louse fl mət(ə)ri di zi z/ noun an inflammation of a | | (NOTE: The plural is Pediculi.) woman’s reproductive organs in the pelvic area, Pediculus capitis Pediculus capitis /pi dikjυləs kə paitis/ which can cause infertility | | noun same as head louse pelvic outlet pelvic outlet / pelvik aυtlet/ noun an opening pedo- pedo- /pi d/ prefix same as paedo- at the base of the pelvis pedodontia pedodontia / pi də dɒnʃə/ noun the study of pelvimeter pelvimeter /pel vimitə/ noun an instrument to | | children’s teeth measure the diameter and capacity of the pelvis pedodontist pedodontist / pi də dɒntist/ noun a dentist pelvimetry pelvimetry /pel vimitri/ noun the act of meas- | | who specialises in the treatment of children’s uring the pelvis, especially to see if the internal teeth ring is wide enough for a baby to pass through in peduncle peduncle /pi d ŋkəl/ noun a stem or stalk childbirth |
- Nursing.fm Page 225 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 225 perfusion scan pelvis pepsinogen pepsinogen /pep sinəd ən/ noun a secretion pelvis / pelvis/ noun 1. the strong basin-shaped | from the gastric gland which is the inactive form ring of bone near the bottom of the spine, formed of pepsin of the hip bones at the front and sides and the sac- rum and coccyx at the back 2. the internal space peptic peptic / peptik/ adjective referring to digestion inside the pelvic girdle (NOTE: [all senses] The or to the digestive system plural is pelvises or pelves.) peptic ulcer peptic ulcer / peptik lsə/ noun a benign pelvis of the kidney pelvis of the kidney / pelvis əv ðə kidni/ ulcer in the duodenum or in the stomach noun see illustration at KIDNEY in Supplement peptidase peptidase / peptideiz/ noun an enzyme which (NOTE: For other terms referring to the pelvis of breaks down proteins in the intestine into amino the kidney, see words beginning with pyel-, acids pyelo-.) peptide peptide / peptaid/ noun a compound formed of pemphigoid pemphigoid / pemfi ɔid/ noun a skin disease two or more amino acids which is similar to pemphigus í adjective refer- per per /p , pə/ preposition 1. out of each ten per ring to a skin disease similar to pemphigus thousand 2. by or through per rectum pemphigus pemphigus / pemfi əs/ noun a rare disease perception perception /pə sepʃən/ noun an impression where large blisters form inside the skin | formed in the brain as a result of information pendulous pendulous / pendjυləs/ adjective referring to about the outside world which is passed back by an object or body part which hangs loosely or the senses swings freely perceptive deafness perceptive deafness /pe septiv defnəs/ -penia | -penia /pi niə/ suffix meaning a deficiency or noun same as sensorineural deafness not enough of something percussion percussion /pə k ʃ(ə)n/ noun a test, usually | penicillamine penicillamine / peni siləmi n/ noun a chelat- on the heart and lungs, in which the doctor taps | ing agent which is used to help the body get rid of part of the person’s body and listens to the sound toxic metals produced penicillin penicillin / peni silin/ noun a common antibi- percutaneous percutaneous / p kju teiniəs/ adjective | | otic originally produced from a fungus (NOTE: through the skin Penicillin drugs have names ending in -cillin: percutaneous absorption percutaneous absorption / p kju teiniəs amoxicillin.) | əb zɔ pʃən/ noun the process of absorbing a sub- | penicillin resistance penicillin resistance / penisilin ri zistəns/ stance through the skin | noun the ability of bacteria to resist penicillin percutaneous angioplasty percutaneous angioplasty / p kju | Penicillium Penicillium / peni siliəm/ noun the fungus teiniəs nd iəpl sti/ noun the repair of a nar- | from which penicillin is derived rowed artery by passing a balloon into the artery penile penile / pi nail/ adjective referring to the penis through a catheter and then inflating it. Also called balloon angioplasty penis penis / pi nis/ noun the male genital organ, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration which also passes urine. See illustration at URO- percutaneous epididymal sperm aspira- GENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supplement. krau- tion / p kju teiniəs epididim(ə)l sp m rosis penis spireiʃ(ə)n/ noun the removal of sperm from the epididymis by withdrawing it through the pentamidine pentamidine /pen t midi n/ noun an antibi- | skin, usually as part of fertility treatment. Abbre- otic used in the treatment of African sleeping viation PESA sickness and of pneumonia in people with AIDS per diem per diem / p di em/ adverb (written on pre- pentazocine pentazocine /pen t zəsi n/ noun an artifi- | scriptions) per day cially produced narcotic drug used to reduce pain perforated eardrum perforated eardrum / p fəreitid iədr m/ Pentothal Pentothal / pentəθ l/ a trade name for thio- noun an eardrum with a hole in it pentone perforation perforation / p fə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun a hole PEP PEP abbreviation post-exposure prophylaxis | through the whole thickness of a tissue or mem- Peplau’s model Peplau’s model / peplaυz mɒd(ə)l/ noun a brane such as the intestine or eardrum model for nursing which describes the individual performance indicators performance indicators /pə fɔ məns as a system with physiological, psychological and | indikeitəz/ plural noun statistical information social components. The nurse and patient work needed for analysis of how effectively health together to define the patient’s problems and to organisations are meeting their objectives, pro- understand their reactions to one another, and the duced by health authorities and sent to the govern- nurse takes on different roles in each phase of the ment. Abbreviation PIs relationship, such as a teacher, counsellor, leader, perfusion perfusion /pə fju (ə)n/ noun the process of and technical expert, until the patient no longer | needs their care. passing a liquid through vessels, an organ or tis- sue, e.g. the flow of blood into lung tissue pepsin pepsin / pepsin/ noun an enzyme in the stom- perfusion scan perfusion scan /pə fju (ə)n sk n/ noun a ach which breaks down the proteins in food into | peptones procedure in which radioactive or radiopaque
- Nursing.fm Page 226 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM peri- 226 perimenopause substances are introduced into the body so that the perimenopause / peri menəpɔ z/ noun the | blood supply of an organ can be traced few years before the menopause, in which oestro- peri- gen levels start to fall peri- /peri/ prefix near, around or enclosing perimeter perimeter /pə rimitə/ noun 1. an instrument to periadenitis periadenitis / periədi naitis/ noun inflamma- | | measure the field of vision 2. the length of the tion of tissue around a gland outside line around an enclosed area perianal perianal / peri ein(ə)l/ adjective around the | perimetritis perimetritis / perimə traitis/ noun inflamma- anus | tion of the perimetrium periarteritis periarteritis / periɑ tə raitis/ noun inflamma- | perimetrium perimetrium / peri mi triəm/ noun a mem- tion of the outer coat of an artery and the tissue | brane round the uterus round it perimetry perimetry /pə rimitri/ noun a measurement of periarteritis nodosa periarteritis nodosa / periɑ tə raitis nəυ | | | the field of vision dəυsə/ noun same as polyarteritis nodosa perimysium perimysium / peri maisiəm/ noun a sheath periarthritis periarthritis / periɑ θraitis/ noun inflamma- | | which surrounds a bundle of muscle fibres tion of the tissue round a joint perinatal pericard- perinatal / peri neit(ə)l/ adjective referring to pericard- /perikɑ d/ prefix referring to the peri- | the period just before and after childbirth cardium perinatal mortality rate pericardectomy perinatal mortality rate / perineit(ə)l mɔ pericardectomy / perikɑ dektəmi/ noun the | | t liti reit/ noun the number of babies born dead surgical removal of the pericardium or who die during the period immediately after pericardial pericardial / peri kɑ diəl/ adjective referring | childbirth, shown per thousand babies born to the pericardium perinatal period perinatal period / peri neit(ə)l piəriəd/ pericardial effusion pericardial effusion / perikɑ diəl i | | noun the period of time before and after child- fju (ə)n/ noun an excess of fluid which forms birth, from the 28th week after conception to the in the pericardial sac first week after delivery pericardial sac pericardial sac / perikɑ diəl s k/ noun the perinatologist perinatologist / perinə tɒləd ist/ noun an inner part of the pericardium forming a bag-like | obstetrician who is a specialist in perinatology structure or sac which contains fluid to prevent perinatology perinatology / perinə tɒləd i/ noun a branch the two parts of the pericardium rubbing together | of medicine which studies and treats physiologi- pericardiectomy pericardiectomy / perikɑ di ektəmi/ noun | cal and pathological conditions affecting the same as pericardectomy mother and/or infant just before and just after the pericardiocentesis pericardiocentesis / peri kɑ diəυsen ti sis/ birth of a baby | | noun the puncture of the pericardium to remove perineal perineal / peri ni əl/ adjective referring to the fluid | perineum pericardiorrhaphy pericardiorrhaphy / perikɑ di ɔ rəfi/ noun a perineoplasty | perineoplasty / peri ni əpl sti/ noun a surgi- surgical operation to repair a wound in the peri- | cal operation to repair the perineum by grafting cardium tissue pericardiostomy pericardiostomy / perikɑ di ɒstəmi/ noun a perineorrhaphy | perineorrhaphy / perini ɔ rəfi/ noun a surgi- surgical operation to open the pericardium | cal operation to stitch up a perineum which has through the thoracic wall to drain off fluid torn during childbirth pericardiotomy pericardiotomy / perikɑ di ɒtəmi/ noun perinephric | perinephric / peri nefrik/ adjective around the same as pericardotomy | kidney pericarditis pericarditis / perikɑ daitis/ noun inflamma- perinephritis | perinephritis / perini fraitis/ noun inflamma- tion of the pericardium | tion of tissue round the kidney, which spreads pericardium pericardium / peri kɑ diəm/ noun a mem- from an infected kidney | brane which surrounds and supports the heart perineum perineum / peri ni əm/ noun the skin and tis- | pericardotomy pericardotomy / perikɑ dɒtəmi/ noun a sur- sue between the opening of the urethra and the | gical operation to open the pericardium anus perichondritis perichondritis / perikɒn draitis/ noun perineurium perineurium / peri njυəriəm/ noun connec- | | inflammation of cartilage, especially in the outer tive tissue which surrounds bundles of nerve ear fibres perichondrium perichondrium / peri kɒndriəm/ noun the periocular periocular / peri ɒkjυlə/ adjective around the | | fibrous connective tissue which covers cartilage eyeball pericranium pericranium / peri kreiniəm/ noun connective periodic periodic / piəri ɒdik/ adjective occurring from | | tissue which covers the surface of the skull time to time He has periodic attacks of perilymph perilymph / perilimf/ noun a fluid found in the migraine. She has to go to the clinic for peri- labyrinth of the inner ear odic checkups.
- Nursing.fm Page 227 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 227 permeability periodic fever peripheral vascular disease peripheral vascular disease /pə rif(ə)rəl periodic fever / piəriɒdik fi və/ noun a dis- | v skjυlə di ziz z/ noun a disease affecting the ease of the kidneys, common in Mediterranean | blood vessels which supply the arms and legs countries peripheral vasodilator periodic paralysis peripheral vasodilator /pə rif(ə)rəl periodic paralysis / piəriɒdik pə r ləsis/ | | veizəυdai leitə/ noun a chemical substance noun recurrent attacks of weakness where the | which acts to widen the blood vessels in the arms level of potassium in the blood is low and legs and so improves bad circulation periodontal periodontal / periəυ dɒnt(ə)l/, periodontic | periphery periphery /pə rif(ə)ri/ noun 1. the regions of / periəυ dɒntik/ adjective referring to the area | | the body where the nerves end, such as the sense around the teeth organs or the muscles 2. the surface of something periodontal membrane periodontal membrane / periəυdɒnt(ə)l periproctitis periproctitis / periprɒk taitis/ noun swelling membrein/, periodontal ligament | of the tissues around the rectum / periəυdɒnt(ə)l li əmənt/ noun a ligament peristalsis peristalsis / peri st lsis/ noun the movement, which attaches a tooth to the bone of the jaw | like waves, produced by alternate contraction and periodontics periodontics / periəυ dɒntiks/, periodontia | relaxation of muscles along an organ such as the / periəυ dɒnʃə/ noun the study of diseases of the | intestine or oesophagus, which pushes the con- periodontal membrane tents of the organ along it. Compare antiperistal- periodontist periodontist / periəυ dɒntist/ noun a dentist sis | who specialises in the treatment of gum diseases peristaltic peristaltic / peri st ltik/ adjective occurring | periodontitis periodontitis / periəυdɒn taitis/ noun an in waves, as in peristalsis | infection of the periodontal membrane leading to peritendinitis peritendinitis / peritendi naitis/ noun same pyorrhoea, and resulting in the teeth falling out if | as tenosynovitis untreated peritoneal peritoneal / peritə ni əl/ adjective referring to, periodontium periodontium / periəυ dɒnʃiəm/ noun 1. the | | or belonging to, the peritoneum gums, bone and periodontal membrane around a peritoneal cavity peritoneal cavity / peritəni əl k viti/ noun tooth 2. same as periodontal membrane a space between the layers of the peritoneum, perionychia perionychia / periəυ nikiə/, perionyxis containing the major organs of the abdomen | / periəυ niksis/ noun a painful swelling round a | peritoneal dialysis peritoneal dialysis / peritəni əl dai ləsis/ fingernail | noun removing waste matter from someone’s perioperative perioperative / peri ɒp(ə)rətiv/ adjective blood by introducing fluid into the peritoneum | before and after a surgical operation which then acts as a filter, as opposed to haemo- periorbital periorbital / periəυ ɔ bit(ə)l/ adjective around dialysis | the eye socket peritoneoscope peritoneoscope / peri təυniəskəυp/ noun | periosteal periosteal / peri ɒstiəl/ adjective referring to, same as laparoscope | or attached to, the periosteum peritoneoscopy peritoneoscopy / peritəυni ɒskəpi/ noun | periosteotome same as laparoscopy periosteotome / peri ɒstiəυtəυm/ noun a | surgical instrument used to cut the periosteum peritoneum peritoneum / peritə ni əm/ noun a membrane | periosteum which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the periosteum / peri ɒstiəm/ noun a dense layer | organs in it of connective tissue around a bone. See illustra- tion at BONE STRUCTURE in Supplement peritonitis peritonitis / peritə naitis/ noun inflammation | of the peritoneum as a result of bacterial infection periosteum elevator periosteum elevator / periɒstiəm eləveitə/ peritonsillar noun a surgical instrument used to remove the peritonsillar / peri tɒnsilə/ adjective around | periosteum from a bone the tonsils periostitis peritonsillar abscess periostitis / periə staitis/ noun inflammation peritonsillar abscess / peritɒnsilə bses/ | noun same as quinsy of the periosteum perityphlitis peripheral perityphlitis / periti flaitis/ noun swelling of peripheral /pə rif(ə)rəl/ adjective at the edge | | the tissues around the caecum peripheral nerves peripheral nerves /pə rif(ə)rəl n vz/ plural | PERLA PERLA abbreviation Pupils Equal and Reactive noun the parts of motor and sensory nerves which to Light and Accommodation branch from the brain and spinal cord perle perle /p l/ noun a soft capsule of medicine peripheral nervous system peripheral nervous system /pə rif(ə)rəl | perleche n vəs sistəm/ noun all the nerves in different perleche /p leʃ/ noun inflammation, with | parts of the body which are linked and governed small cracks, at the corners of the mouth, caused by the central nervous system. Abbreviation PNS by infection, poor diet, or producing too much saliva peripheral resistance peripheral resistance /pə rif(ə)rəl ri | | permeability permeability / p miə biliti/ noun (of a mem- zistəns/ noun the ability of the peripheral blood | vessels to slow down the flow of blood inside brane) the ability to allow some substances to them pass through
- Nursing.fm Page 228 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM permeable membrane 228 permeable membrane pertussis permeable membrane / p miəb(ə)l pertussis /pə t sis/ noun same as whooping | membrein/ noun a membrane which allows cough some substances to pass through it perversion perversion /pə v ʃ(ə)n/ noun a form of | pernicious pernicious /pə niʃəs/ adjective harmful or behaviour which is thought to be unnatural, dan- | dangerous, or unusually severe and likely to end gerous or disgusting He is suffering from a in death form of sexual perversion. pernicious anaemia pes pernicious anaemia /pə niʃəs ə ni miə/ pes /pes/ noun a foot | | noun a disease where an inability to absorb vita- PESA PESA abbreviation percutaneous epididymal min B12 prevents the production of red blood cells sperm aspiration and damages the spinal cord. Also called Addi- pes cavus pes cavus / pes keivəs/ noun same as claw son’s anaemia foot perniosis perniosis / p ni əυsis/ noun any condition | pes planus pes planus / pes pleinəs/ noun same as flat caused by cold which affects blood vessels in the foot skin pessary pessary / pesəri/ noun 1. a drug in soluble pero- pero- /perəυ/ prefix malformed or impaired material which is pushed into the vagina and peroneal peroneal / perəυ ni əl/ adjective referring to absorbed into the blood there. Also called vagi- | the outside of the leg nal suppository 2. a contraceptive device worn peroneal muscle peroneal muscle / perəυ ni əl m s(ə)l/, inside the vagina to prevent spermatozoa entering | peroneus / perəυ ni əs/ noun one of three mus- 3. a device like a ring, which is put into the vagina | cles, the peroneus brevis, longus and tertius, on as treatment for prolapse of the uterus the outside of the lower leg which make the leg pesticide pesticide / pestisaid/ noun a substance which turn outwards kills pests peroperative peroperative /pə rɒp(ə)rətiv/ adjective taking PET PET abbreviation positron-emission tomography | place during a surgical operation petechia petechia /pe ti kiə/ noun a small red spot peroral peroral /pə rɔ rəl/ adjective through the mouth | | which does not go white when pressed, caused by per os per os /pər ɒs/ adverb referring to a drug or bleeding under the skin (NOTE: The plural is other substance to be taken through the mouth petechiae.) persistent vegetative state persistent vegetative state /pə sistənt pethidine pethidine / peθidi n/ noun a synthetically pro- | ved itətiv steit/ noun a condition in which duced narcotic drug, used to reduce pain and as a someone is alive and breathes, but shows no brain sedative activity, and will never recover consciousness. petit mal petit mal / peti m l/ noun a less severe form of Abbreviation PVS epilepsy, where loss of consciousness attacks last personal care personal care / p s(ə)nəl keə/ noun the act only a few seconds and the person appears simply of washing, toileting and dressing someone who to be thinking deeply. Compare grand mal cannot do these things for themselves Petri dish Petri dish / pi tri diʃ/ noun a small glass or personal digital assistant personal digital assistant / p s(ə)n(ə)l plastic dish with a lid, in which a culture is grown did it(ə)l ə sistənt/ noun full form of PDA petrissage | petrissage / petri sɑ / noun an action used in | personal hygiene personal hygiene / p s(ə)n(ə)l haid i n/ massaging the muscles noun the standards someone has of looking after petrositis petrositis / petrəυ saitis/ noun inflammation parts of their body such as hair, skin, teeth and | of the petrous part of the temporal bone breath, hands and nails, and keeping them clean petrous petrous / petrəs/ adjective like stone personality personality / p sə n liti/ noun all the charac- | petrous bone petrous bone / petrəs bəυn/ noun the part of teristics which are typical of one particular person the temporal bone which forms the base of the and the way he or she thinks and behaves, and skull and the inner and middle ears which make him or her different from other peo- ple -pexy -pexy /peksi/ suffix referring to fixation of an personality disorder organ by surgery personality disorder / p sə n liti dis | | ɔ də/ noun a disorder which affects the way a Peyer’s patches Peyer’s patches / paiəz p tʃiz/ plural noun person behaves, especially in relation to other patches of lymphoid tissue on the mucous mem- people brane of the small intestine [Described 1677. perspiration perspiration / p spə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun sweat or After Johann Conrad Peyer (1653–1712), Swiss | the action of sweating Perspiration broke out anatomist.] on her forehead. Peyronie’s disease Peyronie’s disease / perəni z di zi z/ noun a | Perthes’ disease Perthes’ disease / p ti z di zi z/, Perthes’ condition associated with Dupuytren’s contrac- | hip / p ti z hip/ noun a disease found in young ture in which hard fibre develops in the penis boys, in which the upper end of the femur degen- which becomes painful when erect [Described erates and does not develop as expected, some- 1743. After François de la Peyronie (1678– times resulting in a permanent limp 1747), Surgeon to Louis XV in Paris, France.]
- Nursing.fm Page 229 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 229 pharyngeal tonsils PGD pharmaceuticals PGD / pi d i di / noun a document that allows pharmaceuticals / fɑ mə sju tik(ə)lz/ plural | the supply of prescription-only drugs to a group noun drugs prescribed as medicines of patients without individual prescriptions. Full Pharmaceutical Society Pharmaceutical Society / fɑ mə sju tik(ə)l | form patient-group direction sə saiəti/ noun a professional association for | pH pH / pi eitʃ/ noun the concentration of hydro- pharmacists gen ions in a solution, which determines its acid- pharmacist pharmacist / fɑ məsist/ noun a trained person ity who is qualified to prepare medicines according phaco- phaco- /f kəυ/ prefix referring to the lens of the to the instructions on a doctor’s prescription eye pharmaco- pharmaco- /fɑ məkəυ/ prefix referring to phacoemulsification phacoemulsification / f kəυi m lsifi drugs | | keiʃ(ə)n/ noun an ultrasonic technique which pharmacodynamic pharmacodynamic / fɑ məkəυdai n mik/ turns a cataract in the eye into liquid. It is then | adjective referring to a property of a drug which removed by suction and a plastic lens is put into affects the part where it is applied the eye. pharmacodynamics pharmacodynamics / fɑ məkəυdai phaeochromocytoma phaeochromocytoma / fi əυ krəυməυsai | | | n miks/ plural noun the study of the effects of təυmə/ noun a tumour of the adrenal glands drugs on living organisms, and especially of how which affects the secretion of hormones such as much the body’s response changes when you adrenaline, which in turn results in hypertension increase the dose of a drug. Compare pharma- and hyperglycaemia cokinetics (NOTE: Takes a singular verb.) phag- phag- /f / prefix same as phago- (used before pharmacokinetic pharmacokinetic / fɑ məkəυkai netik/ vowels) | adjective referring to a property of a drug which phage phage /feid / noun same as bacteriophage has an effect over a period of time -phage -phage /feid / suffix referring to something pharmacokinetics pharmacokinetics / fɑ məkəυkai netiks/ which eats | plural noun 1. the study of how the body reacts to -phagia -phagia /feid ə/ suffix referring to eating drugs over a period of time. Compare pharmaco- phago- phago- /f əυ/ prefix referring to eating dynamics (NOTE: Takes a singular verb.) 2. the way in which a drug interacts with the body phagocyte phagocyte / f əυsait/ noun a cell, especially pharmacological a white blood cell, which can surround and pharmacological / fɑ məkə lɒd ik(ə)l/ | destroy other cells such as bacteria cells adjective referring to pharmacology phagocytic phagocytic / f ə sitik/ adjective referring to pharmacologist pharmacologist / fɑ mə kɒləd ist/ noun a | | phagocytes Monocytes become phagocytic scientist who specialises in the study of drugs during infection. pharmacology pharmacology / fɑ mə kɒləd i/ noun the | phagocytosis phagocytosis / f əυsai təυsis/ noun study of drugs or medicines, and their actions, | destruction of bacteria cells and foreign bodies by properties and characteristics phagocytes pharmacopoeia pharmacopoeia / fɑ məkə pi ə/ noun an offi- | phakic phakic / f kik/ adjective referring to an eye cial list of drugs, their methods of preparation, which has its natural lens dosages and the ways in which they should be phako- phako- /f kəυ/ prefix same as phaco- used phalangeal phalangeal /fə l nd iəl/ adjective referring to pharmacy pharmacy / fɑ məsi/ noun 1. the study of the | the phalanges making and dispensing of drugs He has a qual- phalanges ification in pharmacy. 2. a shop or department in phalanges /fə l nd i z/ plural of phalanx | a hospital where drugs are prepared phalanx phalanx / f l ŋks/ noun a bone in a finger or Pharmacy Act Pharmacy Act / fɑ məsi kt/ noun in the UK, toe. See illustration at HAND in Supplement, FOOT in Supplement one of several Acts of Parliament which regulate the making, prescribing and selling of drugs, e.g. phalloplasty phalloplasty / f ləυpl sti/ noun a surgical the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933, the Misuse operation to repair a damaged or deformed penis of Drugs Act 1971 and the Poisons Act 1972 phantom limb phantom limb / f ntəm lim/ noun a condi- pharyng- pharyng- /f rind / prefix same as pharyngo- tion in which someone seems to feel sensations in (used before vowels) a limb which has been amputated pharyngeal pharyngeal / f rin d i əl/ adjective referring phantom pregnancy phantom pregnancy / f ntəm pre nənsi/ | to the pharynx noun same as pseudocyesis pharyngeal pouch phantom tumour pharyngeal pouch / f rind i əl paυtʃ/ phantom tumour / f ntəm tju mə/ noun a noun one of the pouches on each side of the throat condition in which a swelling occurs which imi- of an embryo. Also called visceral pouch tates a swelling caused by a tumour pharyngeal tonsils pharmaceutical pharmaceutical / fɑ mə sju tik(ə)l/ adjec- pharyngeal tonsils / f rind i əl tɒns(ə)lz/ | tive referring to pharmacy or drugs plural noun same as adenoids
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