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DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 9
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Nội dung Text: DICTIONARY OF NURSING Part 9
- Nursing.fm Page 282 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM sinus tachycardia 282 sinus tachycardia skull skull /sk l/ noun the eight bones which are sinus tachycardia / sainəs t ki kɑ diə/ | fused or connected together to form the head, noun rapid beating of the heart caused by stimu- along with the fourteen bones which form the lation of the sinoatrial node. Also called simple face. Also called cranium tachycardia SLE sinus trouble SLE abbreviation systemic lupus erythematosus sinus trouble / sainəs tr b(ə)l/ noun same as sleep sinusitis (informal ) sleep /sli p/ noun the state or a period of resting, usually at night, when the eyes are closed and you sinus venosus sinus venosus / sainəs və nəυsis/ noun a | are not conscious of what is happening You cavity in the heart of an embryo, part of which need to get a good night’s sleep if you have a lot develops into the coronary sinus and part of of work to do tomorrow. He had a short sleep which is absorbed into the right atrium in the middle of the afternoon. siphonage siphonage / saifənid / noun the removal of sleep apnoea sleep apnoea / sli p p ni ə/ noun a condition liquid from one place to another with a tube, as | related to heavy snoring, with prolonged respira- used to empty the stomach of its contents tory pauses leading to cerebral hypoxia and sub- sit sit /sit/ verb 1. to rest with your weight largely sequent daytime drowsiness supported by the buttocks 2. to cause a person to sleeping sickness sleeping sickness / sli piŋ siknəs/ noun an sit somewhere (NOTE: [all senses] sitting – sat) African disease, spread by the tsetse fly, where situs inversus situs inversus / saitəs in v səs/, situs | trypanosomes infest the blood. Also called Afri- / saitəs in v səs inversus viscerum | can trypanosomiasis visərəm/ noun a congenital condition, in which sleeping tablet sleeping tablet / sli piŋ t blət/ noun a tablet the organs are not on the usual side of the body, containing a drug, usually a barbiturate, which i.e. where the heart is on the right side and not the makes a person sleep left sleepwalker sleepwalker / sli pwɔ kə/ noun same as som- sitz bath sitz bath / sits bɑ θ/ noun a small low bath nambulist where someone can sit, but not lie down sleepwalking sleepwalking / sli pwɔ kiŋ/ noun same as SI units SI units / es ai ju nits/ plural noun the units somnambulism used in an international system of units for meas- sliding sheet sliding sheet / slaidiŋ ʃi t/ noun a silicon- uring physical properties such as weight, speed coated nylon sheet used for transferring and repo- and light sitioning patients skatole skatole / sk təυl/ noun another spelling of sling sling /sliŋ/ noun a triangular bandage attached scatole round the neck, used to support an injured arm skeletal skeletal / skelit(ə)l/ adjective referring to the and prevent it from moving She had her left skeleton arm in a sling. skeletal muscle skeletal muscle / skelit(ə)l m s(ə)l/ noun a slipped disc slipped disc / slipt disk/ noun same as pro- muscle attached to a bone, which makes a limb lapsed intervertebral disc move slit lamp slit lamp / slit l mp/ noun a piece of equip- skeleton skeleton / skelit(ə)n/ noun all the bones which ment which provides a narrow beam of light and make up a body is connected to a special microscope, used to skia- skia- /skaiə/ prefix referring to shadow examine the eye skier’s thumb slough skier’s thumb / ski əz θ m/ noun an injury to slough /slaυ/ noun dead tissue, especially dead skin, which has separated from healthy tissue í the thumb caused by falling directly onto it when it is outstretched, resulting in tearing or stretching verb to lose dead skin which falls off of the ligaments of the main thumb joint slow-release vitamin tablet slow-release vitamin tablet / sləυ ri li s | skill vitəmin t blət/ noun a vitamin tablet which skill /skil/ noun an ability to do difficult work, will dissolve slowly in the body and give a longer which is acquired by training You need special and more constant effect skills to become a doctor. small for dates skill mix small for dates / smɔ l fə deits/ adjective skill mix / skil miks/ noun the range of different referring to an unborn baby which is small in skills possessed by the members of a group or comparison to the average size for that number of required for a particular job weeks. Abbreviation SFD skin skin /skin/ noun the tissue which forms the out- small intestine small intestine / smɔ l in testin/ noun a sec- side surface of the body His skin turned brown | tion of the intestine from the stomach to the cae- in the sun. Skin problems in adolescents may be cum, consisting of the duodenum, the jejunum caused by diet. (NOTE: For other terms referring and the ileum to skin, see words beginning with cut-, derm-, small of the back small of the back / smɔ l əv ðə b k/ noun derma-, dermato-, dermo-.) the middle part of the back between and below the skin graft skin graft / skin rɑ ft/ noun a layer of skin shoulder blades transplanted from one part of the body to cover an smallpox smallpox / smɔ lpɒks/ noun a very serious, area where the skin has been destroyed After the operation she had to have a skin graft. usually fatal, contagious disease caused by the
- Nursing.fm Page 283 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 283 soft palate pox virus, with a severe rash, leaving masses of of the common cold, but can sometimes be a sign small scars on the skin. Also called variola of congenital syphilis (informal; used to children) smear social smear /smiə/ noun a sample of soft tissue, e.g. social / səυʃ(ə)l/ adjective referring to society blood or mucus, taken from a person and spread or to groups of people over a glass slide to be examined under a micro- socialisation socialisation / səυʃ(ə)lai zeiʃ(ə)n/, sociali- | scope zation noun the process involved when young smear test smear test / smiə test/ noun same as Papani- children are becoming aware of society and learn- ing how they are expected to behave colaou test smegma social services smegma / sme mə/ noun an oily secretion social services / səυʃ(ə)l s visiz/ plural with an unpleasant smell which collects on and noun the special facilities which the government under the foreskin of the penis or local authorities provide to people in the com- munity who need help, such as the elderly, chil- Smith-Petersen nail Smith-Petersen nail / smiθ pi təs(ə)n neil/ dren whose parents have died or the unemployed noun a metal nail used to attach the fractured neck social worker social worker / səυʃ(ə)l w kə/ noun a gov- of a femur [Described 1931. After Marius Nyg- ernment employee who works to provide social aard Smith-Petersen (1886–1953), Norwegian- services to people in need and improve their liv- born Boston orthopaedic surgeon.] ing standards Smith’s fracture Smith’s fracture / smiθs fr ktʃə/ noun a society society /sə saiəti/ noun 1. the community of fracture of the radius just above the wrist | people who live in a particular country and share smoke inhalation smoke inhalation / sməυk inhə leiʃ(ə)n/ | its institutions and customs 2. an organisation of noun the breathing in of smoke, as in a fire people who have a shared interest smoking smoking / sməυkiŋ/ noun the action of smok- sociology sociology / səυsi ɒləd i/ noun 1. the study of ing a cigarette, pipe or cigar Smoking can injure | the origin, development and structure of human your health. societies and the behaviour of individual people smooth /smu ð/ adjective flat, not rough í smooth and groups in society 2. the study of a particular verb to make something smooth She smoothed social institution and the part it plays in society down the sheets on the bed. sociopath sociopath / səυsiəp θ/ noun same as psycho- smooth muscle smooth muscle / smu ð m s(ə)l/ noun a path type of muscle found in involuntary muscles. socket socket / sɒkit/ noun a hollow part in a bone, Also called unstriated muscle into which another bone or organ fits The tip of SMR SMR abbreviation submucous resection the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis. snare snare /sneə/ noun a surgical instrument made of sodium sodium / səυdiəm/ noun a chemical element a loop of wire, used to remove growths without which is the basic substance in salt (NOTE: The the need of an incision chemical symbol is Na.) sneeze sneeze /sni z/ noun a reflex action to blow air sodium balance sodium balance / səυdiəm b ləns/ noun the suddenly out of the nose and mouth because of balance maintained in the body between salt lost irritation in the nasal passages She gave a loud in sweat and urine and salt taken in from food. sneeze. í verb to blow air suddenly out of the The balance is regulated by aldosterone. nose and mouth because of irritation in the nasal sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate / səυdiəm bai passages The smell of flowers makes her | kɑ bənət/ noun sodium salt used in cooking, sneeze. He was coughing and sneezing and and also as a relief for indigestion and acidity. decided to stay in bed. (NOTE: sneezing – Also called bicarbonate of soda sneezed) sodium fusidate sodium fusidate / səυdiəm fju sideit/ noun Snellen chart Snellen chart / snelən tʃɑ t/ noun a chart an antibiotic used mainly to treat penicillin-resist- commonly used by opticians to test eyesight ant staphylococcal infections [Described 1862. After Hermann Snellen (1834– sodium pump sodium pump / səυdiəm p mp/ noun a cellu- 1908), Dutch ophthalmologist.] lar process in which sodium is immediately sniffles sniffles / snif(ə)lz/ plural noun a slight head excreted from any cell which it enters and potas- cold, or an allergy that causes a running nose sium is brought in Don’t go out into (informal; used to children) sodium valproate sodium valproate / səυdiəm v l prəυeit/ the cold when you have the sniffles. | noun an anticonvulsant drug used especially to snoring snoring / snɔ riŋ/ noun noisy breathing while treat migraines, seizures and epilepsy asleep soft soft /sɒft/ adjective not hard or not resistant to snow blindness snow blindness / snəυ blaindnəs/ noun pressure temporary painful blindness caused by bright sun- soft chancre soft chancre / sɒft ʃ ŋkə/ noun same as soft light shining on snow sore snuffles snuffles / sn f(ə)lz/ plural noun the condition soft palate soft palate / sɒft p lət/ noun the back part of of breathing noisily through a nose which is blocked with mucus, which is usually a symptom the palate leading to the uvula. cleft palate
- Nursing.fm Page 284 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM soft sore 284 soft sore somnambulism somnambulism /sɒm n mbjυliz(ə)m/ noun soft sore / sɒft sɔ / noun a venereal sore with | a condition especially affecting children where a soft base, situated in the groin or on the genitals the person gets up and walks about while still and caused by the bacterium Haemophilus asleep. Also called sleepwalking ducreyi. Also called chancroid, soft chancre somnambulist soft tissue somnambulist /sɒm n mbjυlist/ noun a per- soft tissue / sɒft tiʃu / noun skin, muscles, | son who walks in his or her sleep. Also called ligaments or tendons sleepwalker solar plexus solar plexus / səυlə pleksəs/ noun a nerve somnolent somnolent / sɒmnələnt/ adjective sleepy network situated at the back of the abdomen between the adrenal glands somnolism somnolism / sɒmnəliz(ə)m/ noun a trance solar retinopathy which is induced by hypnotism solar retinopathy / səυlə reti nɒpəθi/ noun | irreparable damage to the most sensitive part of Somogyi effect Somogyi effect / ʃɒmɒd i i fekt/, Somogyi | the retina, the macula, caused by looking at the phenomenon / ʃɒmɒd i fi nɒmənən/ noun in | sun with no protection or inadequate protection, diabetes mellitus, a swing to a high level of glu- as when looking at an eclipse of the sun cose in the blood from an extremely low level, soleus usually occurring after an untreated insulin reac- soleus / səυliəs/ noun a flat muscle which goes tion during the night. It is caused by the release of down the calf of the leg (NOTE: The plural is stress hormones to counter low glucose levels. solei.) -somy -somy /səυmi/ suffix the presence of chromo- solids solids / sɒlidz/ noun solid food somes soluble soluble / sɒljυb(ə)l/ adjective able to dissolve son son /s n/ noun a male child of a parent They a tablet of soluble aspirin have two sons and one daughter. soluble fibre soluble fibre / sɒljυb(ə)l faibə/ noun a fibre Sonne dysentery Sonne dysentery / sɒnə disəntri/ noun a in vegetables, fruit and pulses and porridge oats common form of mild dysentery in the UK, which is partly digested in the intestine and caused by Shigella sonnei [Described 1915. After reduces the absorption of fats and sugar into the Carl Olaf Sonne (1882–1948), Danish bacteriol- body, so lowering the level of cholesterol ogist and physician.] solute solute / sɒlju t/ noun a solid substance which is sonogram sonogram / səυnə r m/ noun a chart pro- dissolved in a solvent to make a solution duced using ultrasound waves to find where solution solution /sə lu ʃ(ə)n/ noun a mixture of a solid | something is situated in the body substance dissolved in a liquid sonography sonography /sə nɒ rəfi/ noun same as ultra- solvent solvent / sɒlv(ə)nt/ noun a liquid in which a | sonography solid substance can be dissolved sonotopography sonotopography / səυnətə pɒ rəfi/ noun solvent abuse | solvent abuse / sɒlvənt ə bju s/, solvent the use of ultrasound waves to produce a sono- | inhalation / sɒlvənt inhə leiʃ(ə)n/ noun a type gram | of drug abuse in which someone inhales the toxic soporific soporific / sɒpə rifik/ noun a drug which fumes given off by particular types of volatile | makes a person go to sleep í adjective causing chemical. Also called glue-sniffing sleep soma soma / səυmə/ noun the body, as opposed to the sorbitol sorbitol / sɔ bitɒl/ noun a white crystalline mind (NOTE: The plural is somata or somas.) sweet alcohol which is used as a sweetener and a somat- somat- /səυmət/ prefix same as somato- (used moisturiser, and in the manufacture of Vitamin C before vowels) sordes sordes / sɔ di z/ plural noun dry deposits round somata somata / səυmətə/ plural noun plural of soma the lips of someone who has a fever somatic somatic /səυ m tik/ adjective referring to the sore sore /sɔ / noun a small wound on any part of the | body, either as opposed to the mind, or as opposed skin, usually with a discharge of pus í adjective to the intestines and inner organs. Compare psy- 1. rough and inflamed a sore patch on the skin chosomatic 2. painful My ankle still feels very sore. somato- somato- /səυmətəυ/ prefix referring to the sore throat sore throat / sɔ θrəυt/ noun a condition in body which the mucous membrane in the throat is somatostatin somatostatin / səυmətəυ st tin/ noun a hor- inflamed, sometimes because the person has been | mone produced in the hypothalamus which helps talking too much, but usually because of an infec- to prevent the release of the growth hormone tion (informal ) somatotrophic hormone s.o.s. somatotrophic hormone / səυmətə trɒfik s.o.s. adverb (on prescriptions) if necessary. | hɔ məυn/, somatotrophin / səυmətə trəυfin/ Full form si opus sit (NOTE: It means that the | noun a growth hormone, secreted by the pituitary dose should be taken once.) gland, which stimulates the growth of long bones sotalol sotalol / sɒtəlɒl/ noun a drug used to treat an somatropin somatropin / səυmə trəυpin/ noun same as irregular heartbeat and high blood pressure | growth hormone souffle souffle / su f(ə)l/ noun a soft breathing sound, -some -some /səυm/ suffix tiny cell bodies heard through a stethoscope
- Nursing.fm Page 285 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 285 spectrum sound makes them a potential danger to themselves sound /saυnd/ noun 1. something which can be and/or others heard The doctor listened to the sounds of the patient’s lungs. His breathing made a whistling specialise specialise / speʃəlaiz/, specialize verb 1. to sound. 2. a long rod, used to examine or to dilate concentrate on a specific subject or activity 2. to the inside of a cavity in the body í verb to exam- be an expert in a specific subject or area of knowl- ine the inside of a cavity using a rod edge (NOTE: specialising – specialised) spansule spansule / sp nsju l/ noun a drug in the form specialised specialised / speʃəlaizd/, specialized adjec- of a capsule which is specially designed to release tive 1. designed for a particular purpose 2. con- its contents slowly in the stomach centrating on a particular activity or subject spasm specialised skills spasm / sp z(ə)m/ noun a sudden, usually painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle, as in specialist registrar specialist registrar / speʃ(ə)list red i | cramp The muscles in his leg went into spasm. strɑ / noun a junior doctor in a hospital who is She had painful spasms in her stomach. doing further specialist training spasmo- spasmo- /sp zməυ/ prefix referring to a spasm speciality speciality / speʃi ləti/ noun a particular | spasmodic spasmodic /sp z mɒdik/ adjective occurring activity or type of work which someone is spe- | cially trained for or very interested in. Also called in spasms specialism, specialty spasmolytic spasmolytic / sp zmə litik/ noun a drug | special school special school / speʃ(ə)l sku l/ noun a school which relieves muscle spasms for children with disabilities spasmus nutans spasmus nutans / sp zməs nju tənz/ noun specialty specialty / speʃ(ə)lti/ noun US same as speci- a condition in which someone nods his or her head and at the same time has spasms in the neck ality muscles and rapid movements of the eyes species species / spi ʃi z/ noun a group of living things spastic spastic / sp stik/ adjective with spasms or with the same characteristics and which can inter- sudden contractions of muscles í noun a person breed (NOTE: The plural is species.) affected with cerebral palsy (NOTE: The noun specific specific /spə sifik/ adjective referring to a dis- | sense is now considered to be offensive.) ease caused by one type of microorganism only. spastic colon Opposite non-specific í noun a drug which is spastic colon / sp stik kəυlɒn/ noun same as mucous colitis only used to treat one disease spastic diplegia specific gravity spastic diplegia / sp stik dai pli d ə/ noun specific gravity /spə sifik r viti/ noun | | a congenital form of cerebral palsy which affects same as relative density mainly the legs. Also called Little’s disease specificity specificity / spesi fisəti/ noun the rate of neg- | spastic gait spastic gait / sp stik eit/ noun a way of ative responses in a test from persons free from a walking where the legs are stiff and the feet not disease. A high specificity means a low rate of lifted off the ground false positives. Compare sensitivity spasticity spasticity /sp stisti/ noun a condition in specific urethritis specific urethritis /spə sifik jυəri θraitis/ | | | which a limb resists passive movement. rigidity noun inflammation of the urethra caused by gon- spastic paralysis orrhoea spastic paralysis / sp stik pə r ləsis/ noun | same as cerebral palsy specimen specimen / spesimin/ noun a small quantity of spastic paraplegia something given for testing He was asked to spastic paraplegia / sp stik p rə pli d ə/ | bring a urine specimen. noun paralysis of one side of the body after a stroke spectacles spectacles / spektək(ə)lz/ plural noun glasses spatula which are worn in front of the eyes to help correct spatula / sp tjυlə/ noun 1. a flat flexible tool problems in vision with a handle, used to scoop, lift, spread or mix things 2. a flat wooden stick used to press the spectrography spectrography /spek trɒ rəfi/ noun the | tongue down when the mouth or throat is being recording of a spectrum on photographic film examined spectroscope spectroscope / spektrəskəυp/ noun an special care baby unit special care baby unit / speʃ(ə)l keə beibi instrument used to analyse a spectrum ju nit/ noun a unit in a hospital which deals with spectrum spectrum / spektrəm/ noun 1. the range of col- premature babies or babies with serious disorders ours, from red to violet, into which white light can special health authority special health authority / speʃ(ə)l helθ ɔ be split when it is passed through something | θɒriti/ noun a health authority which has unique (NOTE: Different substances in solution have dif- national functions, or covers various regions. An ferent spectra.) 2. the range of organisms that an example is UK Transplant, which manages the antibiotic or chemical can kill (NOTE: The plural National Transplant Database and provides a 24- broad-spectrum is spectra or spectrums.) hour service for the matching and allocation of antibiotic an antibiotic which kills a large donor organs. number of different organisms narrow-spec- special hospital special hospital / speʃ(ə)l hɒspit(ə)l/ noun trum antibiotic an antibiotic which is targeted at a hospital for people whose mental condition a few particular organisms
- Nursing.fm Page 286 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM speculum 286 speculum sperm count speculum / spekjυləm/ noun a surgical instru- sperm count / sp m kaυnt/ noun a calcula- tion of the number of sperm in a quantity of ment which is inserted into an opening in the semen body such as a nostril or the vagina to keep it open in order to allow a doctor to examine the inside sperm donor sperm donor / sp m dəυnə/ noun a male (NOTE: The plural is specula or speculums.) who gives sperm, for a fee, to allow a childless speech speech /spi tʃ/ noun 1. the ability to make woman to bear a child intelligible sounds with the vocal cords 2. a talk spermi- spermi- /sp mi/ prefix referring to sperm and given to an audience semen speech block speech block / spi tʃ blɒk/ noun a temporary spermicidal spermicidal / sp mi said(ə)l/ adjective kill- | inability to speak, caused by the effect of nervous ing or able to kill sperm stress on the mental processes spermicidal jelly spermicidal jelly / sp misaid(ə)l d eli/ speech impediment speech impediment / spi tʃ im pedimənt/ noun a jelly-like product which acts as a contra- | noun an inability to speak easily or in the usual ceptive way because of the physical structure of the spermicide spermicide / sp misaid/ noun a substance mouth or other disorders which kills sperm speech therapist speech therapist / spi tʃ θerəpist/ noun a spermio- spermio- /sp miəυ/ prefix same as spermi- qualified person who practises speech therapy spermiogenesis spermiogenesis / sp miəυ d enəsis/ noun | speech therapy speech therapy / spi tʃ θerəpi/ noun treat- the stage of spermatogenesis during which a sper- ment for a speech disorder such as stammering or matid changes into a spermatozoon one which results from a stroke or physical mal- spheno- spheno- /sfi nəυ/ prefix referring to the sphe- formation noid bone sperm sperm /sp m/ noun same as spermatozoon sphenoid sphenoid / sfi nɔid/ adjective 1. relating to the (NOTE: The plural is sperm.) sphenoid bone 2. shaped like a wedge í noun spermat- spermat- /sp mət/ prefix same as spermato- same as sphenoid bone (used before vowels) sphenoid bone sphenoid bone / sfi nɔid bəυn/ noun one of spermatic spermatic /sp m tik/ adjective referring to two bones in the skull which form the side of the | sperm socket of the eye. Also called sphenoid spermatic artery spermatic artery /sp m tik ɑ təri/ noun sphenoid sinus sphenoid sinus / sfi nɔid sainəs/ noun one | an artery which leads into the testes. Also called of the sinuses in the skull behind the nasal pas- testicular artery sage spermatic cord spermatic cord /sp m tik kɔ d/ noun a spherocyte spherocyte / sfiərəυsait/ noun a red blood | cord running from the testis to the abdomen car- cell that is round rather than than the usual disc rying the vas deferens, the blood vessels, nerves shape and lymphatics of the testis spherocytosis spherocytosis / sfiərəυsai təυsis/ noun a | spermatid spermatid / sp mətid/ noun an immature condition in which someone has spherocytes in male sex cell that develops into a spermatozoon the blood, causing anaemia, enlarged spleen and spermato- spermato- /sp mətəυ/ prefix 1. referring to gallstones, as in acholuric jaundice sperm 2. referring to the male reproductive sys- sphincter sphincter / sfiŋktə/, sphincter muscle tem / sfiŋktə m s(ə)l/ noun a circular band of mus- spermatocele spermatocele / sp mətəsi l/ noun a cyst cle which surrounds an opening or passage in the which forms in the scrotum body, especially the anus, and can narrow or close the opening or passage by contracting spermatogenesis spermatogenesis / sp mətə d enəsis/ | sphincterectomy noun the formation and development of sperma- sphincterectomy / sfiŋktə rektəmi/ noun 1. | tozoa in the testes a surgical operation to remove a sphincter 2. a surgical operation to remove part of the edge of spermatorrhoea spermatorrhoea / sp mətə riə/ noun the | the iris in the eye (NOTE: The plural is sphincter- discharge of a large amount of semen frequently ectomies.) and without an orgasm (NOTE: The US spelling is sphincteroplasty sphincteroplasty / sfiŋktərə pl sti/ noun a spermatorrhea.) | surgical operation to relieve a tightened sphincter spermatozoon spermatozoon / sp mətə zəυɒn/ noun a | (NOTE: The plural is sphincteroplasties.) mature male sex cell, which is ejaculated from the sphincterotomy sphincterotomy / sfiŋktə rɒtəmi/ noun a penis and is capable of fertilising an ovum. Also | called sperm (NOTE: The plural is spermato- surgical operation to make an incision into a sphincter (NOTE: The plural is sphincteroto- zoa.) mies.) spermaturia spermaturia / sp mə tjυəriə/ noun sperm in | sphyg sphyg /sfi / noun same as sphygmomanome- the urine ter (informal ) sperm bank sperm bank / sp m b ŋk/ noun a place sphygmo- sphygmo- /sfi məυ/ prefix referring to the where sperm can be stored for use in artificial insemination pulse
- Nursing.fm Page 287 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 287 Spitz-Holter valve sphygmocardiograph the main axons of which form the posterior root sphygmocardiograph / sfi məυ | of the spinal nerve kɑ diəυ rɑ f/ noun a device which records heartbeats and pulse rate spinal nerve spinal nerve / spain(ə)l n v/ noun one of the sphygmograph 31 pairs of nerves which lead from the spinal cord sphygmograph / sfi mə rɑ f/ noun a device and govern mainly the trunk and limbs which records the pulse spinal puncture sphygmomanometer spinal puncture / spain(ə)l p ŋktʃə/ noun sphygmomanometer / sfi məυmə nɒmitə/ | same as lumbar puncture noun an instrument which measures blood pres- sure in the arteries spinal shock spinal shock / spain(ə)l ʃɒk/ noun a loss of spica spica / spaikə/ noun a way of bandaging a joint feeling in the lower part of the body below a point where the bandage crosses over itself like the fig- at which the spine has been injured ure 8 on the inside of the bend of the joint (NOTE: spindle spindle / spind(ə)l/ noun 1. a long thin struc- The plural is spicae or spicas.) ture 2. a structure formed in cells during division spicule spicule / spikju l/ noun a small splinter of bone to which the chromosomes are attached by their centromeres spigot spigot / spi ət/ noun the end of a pipe which is spine joined by insertion into the enlarged end of spine /spain/ noun the series of bones, the ver- another pipe tebrae, linked together to form a flexible support- ing column running from the pelvis to the skull spina spina / spainə/ noun 1. a thin sharp piece of She injured her spine in the crash. Also called bone 2. the vertebral column backbone, spinal column, vertebral column spina bifida spina bifida / spainə bifidə/ noun a serious Spinhaler Spinhaler /spin heilə/ a trade name for a condition in which part of the spinal cord pro- | device from which a person with breathing prob- trudes through the spinal column. Also called lems can inhale a preset dose of a drug rachischisis spinnbarkeit spinal spinnbarkeit / spinbɑ kait/ noun a thread of spinal / spain(ə)l/ adjective referring to the mucus formed in the cervix which is used in spine She suffered spinal injuries in the crash. determining the time of ovulation. At this time it spinal accessory nerve spinal accessory nerve / spain(ə)l ək | can be drawn out on a glass slide to its maximum sesəri n v/ noun the eleventh cranial nerve length. which supplies the muscles in the neck and shoul- spino- spino- /spainəυ/ prefix 1. referring to the spine ders 2. referring to the spinal cord spinal anaesthesia spinal anaesthesia / spain(ə)l nəs θi ziə/ | spiral noun local anaesthesia in which an anaesthetic is spiral / spairəl/ adjective running in a continu- injected into the cerebrospinal fluid ous circle upwards spinal anaesthetic spinal anaesthetic / spain(ə)l nəs θetik/ spiral bandage spiral bandage / spairəl b ndid / noun a | noun an anaesthetic given by injection into the bandage which is wrapped round a limb, each spine, which results in large parts of the body los- turn overlapping the one before ing the sense of feeling spiral organ spiral organ / spairəl ɔ ən/ noun same as spinal block spinal block / spain(ə)l blɒk/ noun analgesia organ of Corti produced by injecting the spinal cord with an spiro- spiro- /spairəυ/ prefix 1. referring to a spiral 2. anaesthetic referring to respiration spinal canal spinal canal / spain(ə)l kə n l/ noun the hol- spirogram spirogram / spairəυ r m/ noun a record of | low channel running down the back of the verte- someone’s breathing made by a spirograph brae, containing the spinal cord. Also called ver- spirograph spirograph / spairəυ rɑ f/ noun a device tebral canal which records depth and rapidity of breathing spinal column spinal column / spain(ə)l kɒləm/ noun same spirography spirography /spai rɒ rəfi/ noun the recording as spine | of a someone’s breathing by use of a spirograph spinal cord spinal cord / spain(ə)l kɔ d/ noun part of the spirometer spirometer /spai rɒmitə/ noun an instrument central nervous system, running from the medulla | which measures the amount of air a person oblongata to the filum terminale, in the vertebral inhales or exhales canal of the spine (NOTE: For other terms refer- spirometry ring to the spinal cord, see words beginning with spirometry /spai rɒmətri/ noun a measure- | myel-, myelo-.) ment of the vital capacity of the lungs by use of a spinal curvature spirometer spinal curvature / spain(ə)l k vətʃə/ noun unusual bending of the spinal column spironolactone spironolactone / spairənə l ktəυn/ noun a | spinal fusion steroid which helps the body produce urine, used spinal fusion / spain(ə)l fju (ə)n/ noun a in the treatment of oedema and hypertension surgical operation to join two vertebrae together to make the spine more rigid. Also called spond- Spitz-Holter valve Spitz-Holter valve / spits hɒltə v lv/ noun ylosyndesis a valve with a one-way system, surgically placed spinal ganglion spinal ganglion / spain(ə)l ŋ liən/ noun in the skull and used to drain excess fluid from the a cone-shaped mass of cells on the posterior root, brain in hydrocephalus
- Nursing.fm Page 288 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM splanchnic 288 splanchnic spondylitis splanchnic / spl ŋknik/ adjective referring to spondylitis / spɒndi laitis/ noun inflamma- | viscera tion of the vertebrae splanchnic nerve spondylo- splanchnic nerve / spl ŋknik n v/ noun spondylo- /spɒndiləυ/ prefix referring to the any sympathetic nerve which supplies organs in vertebrae the abdomen spondylolisthesis spondylolisthesis / spɒndiləυ lisθəsis/ | spleen spleen /spli n/ noun an organ in the top part of noun a condition in which one of the lumbar ver- the abdominal cavity behind the stomach and tebrae moves forwards over the one beneath below the diaphragm, which helps to destroy old spondylosis spondylosis / spɒndi ləυsis/ noun stiffness in | red blood cells, form lymphocytes and store the spine and degenerative changes in the blood. See illustration at DIGESTIVE SYSTEM in intervertebral discs, with osteoarthritis. This con- Supplement dition is common in older people. splen- splen- /splen/ prefix same as spleno- (used spondylosyndesis spondylosyndesis / spɒndiləυsin di sis/ | before vowels) noun same as spinal fusion splenectomy splenectomy /sple nektəmi/ noun a surgical sponge bath sponge bath / sp n bɑ θ/ noun the act of | operation to remove the spleen (NOTE: The plural washing someone in bed, using a sponge or damp is splenectomies.) cloth The nurse gave the elderly lady a sponge splenic splenic / splenik/ adjective referring to the bath. spleen spongiform encephalopathy spongiform encephalopathy / sp n ifɔ m splenic anaemia splenic anaemia / splenik ə ni miə/ noun a en kefə lɒpəθi/ noun a brain disease in humans | | | type of anaemia, caused by cirrhosis of the liver, and animals in which areas of the brain slowly in which the person has portal hypertension, an develop holes in their cells and begin to look like enlarged spleen and haemorrhages. Also called a sponge Banti’s syndrome spontaneous spontaneous /spɒn teiniəs/ adjective hap- | splenic flexure splenic flexure / splenik flekʃə/ noun a bend pening without any particular outside cause in the colon where the transverse colon joins the spontaneous delivery spontaneous delivery /spɒn teiniəs di | | descending colon liv(ə)ri/ noun a delivery of a baby which takes splenitis splenitis /splə naitis/ noun inflammation of places naturally, without any medical or surgical | the spleen help spleno- spleno- /spli nəυ/ prefix referring to the spleen spontaneous pneumothorax spontaneous pneumothorax /spɒn teiniəs | nju məυ θɔ r ks/ noun a condition occurring splenomegaly splenomegaly / spli nəυ me əli/ noun a con- | | when an opening is created on the surface of the dition in which the spleen is unusually large, lung allowing air to leak into the pleural cavity associated with several disorders including malaria and some cancers spontaneous version spontaneous version /spɒn teiniəs | v ʃ(ə)n/ noun a movement of a fetus to take up splenorenal splenorenal / spli nəυ ri n(ə)l/ adjective| another position in the uterus, caused by the con- relating to both the spleen and the kidneys tractions of the uterus during childbirth or by the splenorenal anastomosis splenorenal anastomosis / spli nəυ | movements of the baby itself before birth ri n(ə)l ə n stə məυsis/ noun a surgical opera- | | sporadic sporadic /spə r dik/ adjective referring to out- tion to join the splenic vein to a renal vein, as a | breaks of disease that occur as separate cases, not treatment for portal hypertension in epidemics splenovenography splenovenography / spli nəυvə nɒ rəfi/ | spore spore /spɔ / noun a reproductive body of partic- noun X-ray examination of the spleen and the ular bacteria and fungi which can survive in veins which are connected to it extremely hot or cold conditions for a long time splint splint /splint/ noun a stiff support attached to a sporicidal sporicidal / spɔ ri said(ə)l/ adjective killing limb to prevent a broken bone from moving He | spores had to keep his arm in a splint for several weeks. shin splints sporicide sporicide / spɔ risaid/ noun a substance which splinter haemorrhage kills bacterial spores splinter haemorrhage / splintə hem(ə)rid / noun a tiny line of haemorrhaging Sporozoa Sporozoa / spɔ rə zəυə/ noun a type of para- | under the nails or in the eyeball sitic Protozoa which includes Plasmodium, the split personality cause of malaria split personality / split p sə n ləti/ noun | same as schizoid personality sports injury sports injury / spɔ ts ind əri/ noun an injury split-skin graft split-skin graft / split skin rɑ ft/ noun a caused by playing a sport, e.g. a sprained ankle or tennis elbow type of skin graft in which thin layers of skin are grafted over a wound. Also called Thiersch graft sports medicine sports medicine / spɔ ts med(ə)sin/ noun spondyl spondyl / spɒndil/ noun same as vertebra the study of the treatment of sports injuries spotted fever spondyl- spondyl- /spɒndil/ prefix same as spondylo- spotted fever / spɒtid fi və/ noun same as (used before vowels) meningococcal meningitis
- Nursing.fm Page 289 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 289 Standard Precautions sprain stadium sprain /sprein/ noun a condition in which the stadium / steidiəm/ noun a particular stage of ligaments in a joint are stretched or torn because a disease (NOTE: The plural is stadia.) of a sudden movement í verb to tear the liga- stadium invasioni stadium invasioni / steidiəm in veiʃi əυni/ | | ments in a joint with a sudden movement She noun same as incubation period sprained her wrist when she fell. staff nurse staff nurse / stɑ f n s/ noun a nurse who is on Sprengel’s deformity Sprengel’s deformity / spreŋ əlz di the permanent staff of a hospital | fɔ miti/, Sprengel’s shoulder / spreŋ əlz stage stage /steid / noun a point in the development ʃəυldə/ noun a congenitally malformed shoul- of a disease at which a decision can be taken der, in which one scapula is smaller and higher about the treatment which should be given or at than the other [Described 1891. After Otto Ger- which distinctive developments take place The hard Karl Sprengel (1852–1915), German sur- disease has reached a critical stage. This is a geon.] symptom of the second stage of syphilis. sprue sprue /spru / noun same as psilosis staging staging / steid iŋ/ noun the process of per- spud spud /sp d/ noun a needle used to get a piece of forming tests to learn the extent of a disease dust or other foreign body out of the eye within the body, in order to decide the best treat- spur spur /sp / noun a sharp projecting part of a ment for someone bone stain stain /stein/ noun a substance used to give col- sputum sputum / spju təm/ noun mucus which is our to tissues which are going to be examined formed in the inflamed nose, throat or lungs and under the microscope í verb to treat a piece of is coughed up She was coughing up blood- tissue with a dye to increase contrast before it is stained sputum. Also called phlegm examined under the microscope squama squama / skweimə/ noun a thin piece of hard Stamey procedure Stamey procedure / steimi prə si d ə/ noun | tissue,e.g. a thin flake of bone or scale on the skin a surgical operation to cure stress incontinence in (NOTE: The plural is squamae.) women. A minor abdominal incision is made as squamo- squamo- /skweiməυ/ prefix 1. relating to the well as a vaginal incision, and the neck of the squamous part of the temporal bone 2. scaly bladder is stitched to the abdominal wall. squamous squamous / skweiməs/ adjective thin and stammer stammer / st mə/ noun a speech difficulty in hard like a scale which someone repeats parts of a word or the squamous bone squamous bone / skweiməs bəυn/ noun a whole word several times or stops to try to pro- nounce a word He has a bad stammer. í verb part of the temporal bone which forms the side of the skull to speak with a stammer squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma / skweiməs sel stammerer stammerer / st mərə/ noun a person who kɑ si nəυmə/ noun a common type of cancer stammers | which usually develops in the outer layer of the stammering stammering / st məriŋ/ noun difficulty in skin, on the lips, or inside the mouth or oesopha- speaking, in which the person repeats parts of a gus. Abbreviation SCC word or the whole word several times or stops to squamous epithelium squamous epithelium / skweiməs epi try to pronounce a word. Also called dysphemia | θi liəm/ noun epithelium with flat cells like stand stand /st nd/ verb 1. to be in an upright posi- scales, which forms the lining of the pericardium, tion with your bodyweight resting on your feet, or the peritoneum and the pleura. Also called pave- to put a person in this position 2. to get to your ment epithelium feet from a sitting position (NOTE: stood) squint squint /skwint/ noun a condition in which the standard standard / st ndəd/ adjective usual, recom- eyes focus on different points. Also called stra- mended or established It is standard practice to bismus í verb to have one eye or both eyes look- take the patient’s temperature twice a day. í ing towards the nose Babies often appear to noun 1. something which has been agreed upon squint, but it is corrected as they grow older. and is used to measure other things by 2. a level SRN SRN abbreviation State Registered Nurse of quality achieved by someone or something SSRI SSRI abbreviation selective serotonin re-uptake The standard of care in hospitals has increased inhibitor over the last years. The report criticised the standards of hygiene in the clinic. stabbing pain stabbing pain / st biŋ pein/ noun pain which comes in a series of short sharp bursts He had standardise standardise / st ndədaiz/, standardize verb stabbing pains in his chest. to make all things of the same type follow the staccato speech same standard staccato speech /stə kɑ təυ spi tʃ/ noun an | unusual way of speaking with short pauses Standard Precautions Standard Precautions / st ndəd pri | between each word kɔ ʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun the most recent set of Stacke’s operation Stacke’s operation / st kiz ɒpə reiʃ(ə)n/ guidelines for health care workers on dealing with | noun a surgical operation to remove the posterior blood, all body fluids, secretions and excretions and superior wall of the auditory meatus [After (except sweat), non-intact skin and mucous mem- branes. They are designed to reduce the risk of Ludwig Stacke (1859–1918), German otologist.]
- Nursing.fm Page 290 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM stapedectomy 290 State Registered Nurse transmission of microorganisms. The Standard State Registered Nurse / steit red istəd Precautions are implemented automatically for n s/ noun abbreviation SRN. Now called first- everyone, as all patients are presumed to be level nurse potentially infectious. -statin -statin /st tin/ suffix used in generic names of stapedectomy stapedectomy / steipi dektəmi/ noun a sur- lipid-lowering drugs pravastatin | gical operation to remove the stapes (NOTE: The statistics statistics /stə tistiks/ plural noun official fig- | plural is stapedectomies.) ures which show facts Population statistics stapedial mobilisation show that the birth rate is slowing down. stapedial mobilisation /stə pi diəl | status məυbilai zeiʃ(ə)n/, stapediolysis /stə pi di status / steitəs/ noun a state or condition | | | ɒləsis/ noun a surgical operation to relieve deaf- status asthmaticus status asthmaticus / steitəs s m tikəs/ | ness by detaching the stapes from the fenestra noun an attack of bronchial asthma which lasts ovalis (NOTE: The plural of stapediolysis is sta- for a long time and results in exhaustion and col- pediolyses.) lapse stapes stapes / steipi z/ noun one of the three ossicles status epilepticus status epilepticus / steitəs epi leptikəs/ | in the middle ear, shaped like a stirrup. See illus- noun repeated and prolonged epileptic seizures tration at EAR in Supplement without recovery of consciousness between them staphylectomy status lymphaticus status lymphaticus / steitəs lim f tikəs/ staphylectomy / st fi lektəmi/ noun a surgi- | | noun a condition in which the glands in the lym- cal operation to remove the uvula (NOTE: The plu- phatic system are enlarged ral is staphylectomies.) statutory bodies statutory bodies / st tjυt(ə)ri bɒdiz/ plural staphylococcal staphylococcal / st filə kɒk(ə)l/ adjective | noun organisations set up by Acts of Parliament referring to Staphylococci to carry out specific functions, e.g. the Nursing Staphylococcus Staphylococcus / st filə kɒkəs/ noun a bac- and Midwifery Council, set up to regulate the | terium which grows in a bunch like a bunch of nursing and midwifery professions grapes, and causes boils and food poisoning STD STD abbreviation sexually transmitted disease (NOTE: The plural is Staphylococci.) steam inhalation steam inhalation / sti m inhə leiʃ(ə)n/ noun staphyloma staphyloma / st fi ləυmə/ noun a swelling of | | a treatment for respiratory disease in which some- the cornea or the white of the eye (NOTE: The plu- one breathes in steam with medicinal substances ral is staphylomas or staphylomata.) in it staphylorrhaphy staphylorrhaphy / st fi lɔ rəfi/ noun same steat- steat- /sti ət/, steato- /sti ətəυ/ prefix referring | as palatorrhaphy (NOTE: The plural is staphyl- to fat orrhaphies.) steatoma steatoma / sti ə təυmə/ noun a cyst in a | staple staple / steip(ə)l/ noun a small piece of bent blocked sebaceous gland. sebaceous cyst metal, used to attach tissues together í verb to (NOTE: The plural is steatomata.) attach tissues with staples steatopygia steatopygia / sti ətə pid iə/ noun excessive | stapler stapler / steiplə/ noun a device used in surgery fat on the buttocks to attach tissues with staples, instead of suturing steatorrhoea steatorrhoea / sti ətə riə/ noun a condition in | starch which fat is passed in the faeces starch /stɑ tʃ/ noun the usual form in which carbohydrates exist in food, especially in bread, Stein-Leventhal syndrome Stein-Leventhal syndrome / stain levəntɑ l sindrəυm/ noun polycystic ovary rice and potatoes. It is broken down by the diges- tive process into forms of sugar. syndrome [Described 1935. After Irving F. Stein (1887–1976), US gynaecologist; Michael Leo startle reflex startle reflex / stɑ t(ə)l ri fleks/ noun the Leventhal (1901–71), US obstetrician and usual response of a young baby to a sudden loud gynaecologist.] noise or a sudden fall through the air, by contract- Steinmann’s pin Steinmann’s pin / stainm nz pin/ noun a ing the limb and neck muscles pin for attaching traction wires to a fractured bone starvation starvation /stɑ veiʃ(ə)n/ noun the fact of hav- | [Described 1907. After Fritz Steinmann (1872– ing had very little or no food 1932), Swiss surgeon.] stasis stasis / steisis/ noun a stoppage or slowing in stellate stellate / steleit/ adjective shaped like a star the flow of a liquid, such as blood in veins, or stellate fracture stellate fracture / steleit fr ktʃə/ noun a food in the intestine fracture of the kneecap shaped like a star -stasis -stasis /steisis/ suffix referring to stoppage in stellate ganglion stellate ganglion / steleit ŋ liən/ noun a the flow of a liquid group of nerve cells in the neck, shaped like a star stat. stat. /st t/ adverb (written on prescriptions) Stellwag’s sign Stellwag’s sign / stelvɑ z sain/ noun a immediately. Full form statim symptom of exophthalmic goitre, where someone State Enrolled Nurse State Enrolled Nurse / steit in rəυld n s/ does not blink often, because the eyeball is pro- | noun abbreviation SEN. Now called second- truding [After Carl Stellwag von Carion (1823– level nurse 1904), ophthalmologist in Vienna, Austria.]
- Nursing.fm Page 291 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 291 Stevens-Johnson syndrome stem sterility stem /stem/ noun a thin piece of tissue which sterility /stə riliti/ noun 1. the state of being | attaches an organ or growth to the main tissue free from microorganisms 2. the state of being unable to have children steno- steno- /stenəυ/ prefix narrow or constricted Steri-Strips Steri-Strips / steri strips/ a trademark for thin stenosed valve stenosed valve /ste nəυst v lv/ noun a | paper strips which are placed over an incision in valve which has become narrow or constricted the skin. They help its edges to come together and stenosis stenosis /ste nəυsis/ noun a condition in | form a scar. which a passage becomes narrow sternal sternal / st n(ə)l/ adjective referring to the stenostomia stenostomia / stenəυ stəυmiə/, stenostomy | breastbone /ste nɒstəmi/ noun the narrowing of an opening | sternal angle sternal angle / st n(ə)l ŋ (ə)l/ noun the Stensen’s duct Stensen’s duct / stensənz d kt/ noun a duct ridge of bone where the manubrium articulates which carries saliva from the parotid glands with the body of the sternum [Described 1661. After Niels Stensen (1638– sterno- 86), Danish physician and priest, anatomist, sterno- /st nəυ/ prefix relating to the breast- physiologist and theologian.] bone stent stent /stent/ noun a support of artificial material sternocleidomastoid muscle sternocleidomastoid muscle / st nəυ | often inserted in a tube or vessel which has been klaidəυ m stɔid m s(ə)l/ noun a muscle in | sutured the neck, running from the breastbone to the mas- sterco- toid process sterco- /st kəυ/ prefix referring to faeces sternocostal joint stercobilin sternocostal joint / st nəυ kɒst(ə)l stercobilin / st kə bailin/ noun a brown pig- | | d ɔint/ noun a joint where the breastbone joins ment which colours the faeces a rib stercolith stercolith / st kəliθ/ noun a hard ball of dried sternohyoid faeces in the bowel sternohyoid / st nəυ haiɔid/ adjective relat- | ing to the sternum and the hyoid bone stereognosis stereognosis / steriɒ nəυsis/ noun the abil- | sternohyoid muscle ity to tell the shape of an object in three dimen- sternohyoid muscle / st nəυ haiɔid | sions by means of touch m s(ə)l/ noun a muscle in the neck which runs stereoscopic vision from the breastbone into the hyoid bone stereoscopic vision / steriəskɒpik vi (ə)n/ noun the ability to judge the distance and depth of sternomastoid sternomastoid / st nəυ m stɔid/ adjective | an object by binocular vision referring to the breastbone and the mastoid stereotactic stereotactic / steriəυ t ktik/ adjective refer- sternomastoid tumour sternomastoid tumour / st nəυ m stɔid | | ring to procedures which use coordinates put into tju mə/ noun a benign tumour which appears in a computer or scanner in order to locate and oper- the sternomastoid muscle in newborn babies ate upon tumours precisely. Examples are biop- sternotomy sternotomy /st nɒtəmi/ noun a surgical sies, surgery or radiation therapy. | operation to cut through the breastbone, so as to stereotaxy stereotaxy / steriəυ t ksi/, stereotaxic sur- be able to operate on the heart | gery / steriəυt ksik s d əri/ noun a surgical sternum sternum / st nəm/ noun same as breastbone procedure to identify a point in the interior of the steroid steroid / stiərɔid/ noun any of several chemical brain, before an operation can begin, to locate compounds, including the sex hormones, which exactly the area to be operated on have characteristic ring systems and which affect Sterets Sterets / sterəts/ a trademark for a type of swab the body and its functions used for cleaning the skin before an injection stertor stertor / st tə/ noun noisy breathing sounds in sterile sterile / sterail/ adjective 1. with no harmful someone unconscious microorganisms present a sterile environment stertorous stertorous / st t(ə)rəs/ adjective character- 2. not able to produce children ised by heavy snoring sterile dressing sterile dressing / sterail dresiŋ/ noun a steth- dressing which is sold in a sterile pack, ready for steth- /steθ/, stetho- /steθə/ prefix referring to use the chest sterilisation sterilisation / sterilai zeiʃ(ə)n/, sterilization stethoscope stethoscope / steθəskəυp/ noun a surgical | noun 1. the action of making instruments or areas instrument with two earpieces connected to a tube completely free from microorganisms which and a metal disc, used by doctors to listen to might cause infection 2. a procedure that makes sounds made inside the body, e.g. the sounds of someone unable to have children the heart or lungs sterilise sterilise / sterilaiz/, sterilize verb 1. to make Stevens-Johnson syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome / sti vənz something completely free from microorganisms d ɒnsən sindrəυm/ noun a severe form of ery- which might cause infection 2. to make someone thema multiforme affecting the face and genitals, unable to have children caused by an allergic reaction to drugs [Described sterilising sterilising / sterilaiziŋ/ adjective able to kill 1922. After Albert Mason Stevens (1884–1945); microorganisms Wipe the surface with sterilis- Frank Chambliss Johnson (1894–1934), physi- ing fluid. cians in New York, USA.]
- Nursing.fm Page 292 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM sthenia 292 sthenia being swallowed and where the process of diges- sthenia / sθi niə/ noun a condition of great tion continues She complained of pains in the strength or vitality stomach or of stomach pains. He has had stom- STI STI abbreviation sexually transmitted infection ach trouble for some time. See illustration at sticking plaster sticking plaster / stikiŋ plɑ stə/ noun an DIGESTIVE SYSTEM in Supplement 2. the abdo- adhesive plaster or tape used to cover a small men (informal ) He had been kicked in the stom- wound or to attach a pad of dressing to the skin ach. (NOTE: For other terms referring to the stiff neck stiff neck / stif nek/ noun a condition in which stomach, see words beginning with gastr-, moving the neck is painful, usually caused by a gastro-.) strained muscle or by sitting in a cold wind stomach ache stomach ache / st mək eik/ noun pain in the stigma stigma / sti mə/ noun a visible symptom which abdomen or stomach, caused by eating too much shows that someone has a particular disease food or by an infection (NOTE: The plural is stigmas or stigmata.) stomach cramp stomach cramp / st mək kr mp/ noun a stilet stilet /stai let/ noun 1. a fine wire used as a sharp spasm of the stomach muscles | probe in surgery 2. a wire inserted in a catheter to stomach hernia stomach hernia / st mək h niə/ noun same give it rigidity as gastrocele stillbirth stillbirth / stilb θ/ noun the birth of a dead stomach pump stomach pump / st mək p mp/ noun an fetus, more than 28 weeks after conception instrument for sucking out the contents of the (informal ) stomach, e.g. to extract a poison that has been Still’s disease Still’s disease / stilz di zi z/ noun arthritis swallowed | affecting children, similar to rheumatoid arthritis stomach upset stomach upset / st mək pset/ noun a in adults [Described 1896. After Sir George Fre- slight infection of the stomach She is in bed deric Still (1868–1941), British paediatrician and with a stomach upset. Also called upset stom- physician to the king.] ach stimulant stimulant / stimjυlənt/ noun a substance stomach washout stomach washout / st mək wɒʃaυt/ noun which makes part of the body function faster same as gastric lavage Caffeine is a stimulant. í adjective increasing stomal stomal / stəυm(ə)l/ adjective referring to a body function stoma stimulate stimulate / stimjυleit/ verb to make a person stomat- stomat- /stəυmət/ prefix same as stomato- or organ react, respond or function The therapy (used before vowels) should stimulate the patient into attempting to stomatitis stomatitis / stəυmə taitis/ noun inflammation walk unaided. The drug stimulates the heart. | of the inside of the mouth stimulus stimulus / stimjυləs/ noun something which stomato- stomato- /stəυmətə/ prefix referring to the has an effect on a person or a part of the body and mouth makes them react (NOTE: The plural is stimuli.) stomatology stinging stomatology / stəυmə tɒləd i/ noun a branch stinging / stiŋiŋ/ adjective referring to a sharp | of medicine which studies diseases of the mouth unpleasant feeling of pricking or burning a sud- den stinging sensation in the back of her leg -stomy -stomy /stəmi/ suffix meaning an operation to stirrup stirrup / stirəp/ noun same as stapes make an opening stone stitch stone /stəυn/ noun 1. same as calculus stitch /stitʃ/ noun 1. same as suture noun 2 He had three stitches in his head. The doctor (informal ) (NOTE: For other terms referring to told her to come back in ten days’ time to have the stones, see words beginning with lith-, litho-, or ending with -lith.) 2. a measure of weight equal to stitches taken out. 2. pain caused by cramp in the 14 pounds or 6.35 kilograms He tried to lose side of the body after running He had to stop running because he developed a stitch. í verb weight and lost three stone. She weighs eight stone ten (i.e. 8 stone 10 pounds). same as suture They tried to stitch back the fin- ger which had been cut off in an accident. stool stool /stu l/ noun 1. an act of emptying the bow- stitch abscess stitch abscess / stitʃ bses/ noun an els 2. a piece of solid waste matter which is passed out of the bowels an abnormal stool abscess which forms at the site of a stitch or loose stools a stool test (NOTE: Often used in suture the plural.) í verb to pass a piece of solid matter Stokes–Adams syndrome Stokes–Adams syndrome / stəυks out of the bowels dəmz sindrəυm/ noun a loss of conscious- strabismal strabismal /strə bizm(ə)l/ adjective with the ness due to the stopping of the action of the heart | eyes focusing on different points because of asystole or fibrillation [After William Stokes (1804–78), Irish physician; Robert strabismus strabismus /strə bizməs/ noun a condition in | Adams (1791–1875), Irish surgeon.] which the eyes focus on different points. Also stoma stoma / stəυmə/ noun any opening into a cavity called squint, heterotropia in the body (NOTE: The plural is stomata.) strabotomy strabotomy /strə bɒtəmi/ noun a surgical | stomach stomach / st mək/ noun 1. the part of the body operation to divide the muscles of the eye in order shaped like a bag, into which food passes after to correct a squint
- Nursing.fm Page 293 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 293 stroke strain stress stress /stres/ noun 1. physical pressure on an strain /strein/ noun 1. a condition in which a object or part of the body 2. a factor or combina- muscle has been stretched or torn by a strong or tion of factors in a person’s life which make him sudden movement 2. a group of microorganisms or her feel tired and anxious 3. a condition in which are different from others of the same type which an outside influence such as overwork or a a new strain of influenza virus 3. nervous ten- mental or emotional state such as anxiety changes sion and stress Her work is causing her a lot of the working of the body and can affect the hor- strain. He is suffering from nervous strain and needs to relax. í verb to stretch a muscle too far mone balance He strained his back lifting the table. She stress disorder stress disorder / stres dis ɔ də/ noun a disor- | had to leave the game with a strained calf muscle. der caused by stress The effort of running upstairs strained his stress fracture stress fracture / stres fr ktʃə/ noun a frac- heart. ture of a bone caused by excessive force, as in strangulated strangulated / str ŋ jυleitid/ adjective some types of sport. Also called fatigue fracture referring to part of the body which is caught in an stress incontinence stress incontinence / stres in kɒntinəns/ | opening in such a way that the circulation of noun a condition in women in which the muscles blood is stopped in the floor of the pelvis become incapable of strangulated hernia strangulated hernia / str ŋ jυleitid retaining urine when the intra-abdominal pressure h niə/ noun a condition in which part of the is raised by coughing or laughing intestine is squeezed in a hernia and the supply of stress reaction stress reaction / stres ri kʃən/ noun a | blood to it is cut off response to an outside stimulus which disturbs the strangulation strangulation / str ŋ jυ leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the usual physiological balance of the body | act of squeezing a passage in the body stress-related illness stress-related illness / stres ri leitid ilnəs/ | strangury strangury / str ŋ jυri/ noun a condition in noun an illness which is due in part or completely which very little urine is passed, although the per- to stress son wants to urinate, caused by a bladder disorder stretch stretch /stretʃ/ verb to pull something out, or or by a stone in the urethra make something longer Strategic Health Authority Strategic Health Authority /strə ti d ik stretch mark stretch mark / stretʃ mɑ k/ noun a mark on | helθ ɔ θɒriti/ noun in the UK, an organisation, the skin of the abdomen of a pregnant woman or | accountable to government, that assesses the of a woman who has recently given birth. striae health needs of local people and ensures that local gravidarum health services are commissioned and provided to stretch reflex stretch reflex / stretʃ ri fleks/ noun a reflex meet those needs. Abbreviation SHA reaction of a muscle which contracts after being stratified stratified / str tifaid/ adjective made of sev- stretched eral layers stria stria / straiə/ noun a pale line on skin which is stratified epithelium stratified epithelium / str tifaid epi stretched, as in obese people (NOTE: The plural is | θi liəm/ noun epithelium formed of several lay- striae.) ers of cells striae gravidarum striae gravidarum / straii r vi deərəm/ | strawberry mark strawberry mark / strɔ b(ə)ri mɑ k/ noun a plural noun the lines on the skin of the abdomen red birthmark in children, which will often disap- of a pregnant woman or of a woman who has pear in later life recently given birth streak striated streak /stri k/ noun a long thin line of a differ- striated /strai eitid/ adjective marked with | ent colour pale lines striated muscle strepto- striated muscle /strai eitid m s(ə)l/ noun a strepto- /streptə/ prefix referring to organisms | type of muscle found in skeletal muscles whose which grow in chains movements are controlled by the central nervous streptococcal streptococcal / streptə kɒk(ə)l/ adjective | system. Also called striped muscle caused by a streptococcus stricture stricture / striktʃə/ noun the narrowing of a streptococcus streptococcus / streptə kɒkəs/ noun a genus | passage in the body of bacteria which grows in long chains, and stricturoplasty stricturoplasty / striktʃərəυ pl sti/ noun a ˜ causes fevers such as scarlet fever, tonsillitis and | surgical operation in which a part of the intestine rheumatic fever (NOTE: The plural is strepto- is widened cocci.) stridor stridor / straidɔ /, stridulus / straidjυləs/ streptokinase streptokinase / streptə kaineiz/ noun an | noun a sharp high sound made when air passes an enzyme formed by streptococci which can break obstruction in the larynx. laryngismus down blood clots and is therefore used in the striped muscle treatment of myocardial infarction striped muscle / straipt m s(ə)l/ noun same as striated muscle streptolysin streptolysin /strep tɒləsin/ noun a toxin pro- | stroke stroke /strəυk/ noun same as cerebrovascular duced by streptococci in rheumatic fever, which acts to destroy red blood cells accident He had a stroke and died. She was
- Nursing.fm Page 294 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM stroke patient 294 paralysed after a stroke. í verb to touch some- styloid process styloid process / stailɔid prəυses/ noun a thing or someone softly with the fingers piece of bone which projects from the bottom of the temporal bone stroke patient stroke patient / strəυk peiʃ(ə)nt/ noun a per- stylus stylus / stailəs/ noun a long thin instrument son who has had a stroke used for applying antiseptics or ointments to the stroke volume stroke volume / strəυk vɒlju m/ noun the skin amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle at styptic styptic / stiptik/ noun a substance which stops each heartbeat bleeding í adjective used to stop bleeding stroma stroma / strəυmə/ noun tissue which supports styptic pencil styptic pencil / stiptik pens(ə)l/ noun a stick an organ, as opposed to the parenchyma or func- of alum, used to stop bleeding from small cuts tioning tissues in the organ sub- sub- /s b/ prefix underneath or below strontium strontium / strɒntiəm/ noun a metallic ele- subacute subacute / s bə kju t/ adjective referring to a ment (NOTE: The chemical symbol is Sr.) | condition which is not acute but may become strontium-90 strontium-90 / strɒntiəm nainti/ noun an chronic isotope of strontium which is formed in nuclear subacute bacterial endocarditis subacute bacterial endocarditis reactions and, because it is part of the fallout of / s bəkju t b k tiəriəl endəυkɑ daitis/, nuclear explosions, can enter the food chain, | | | subacute infective endocarditis / s bəkju t attacking in particular the bones of humans and in fektiv endəυkɑ daitis/ noun an infection animals | | of the membrane covering the inner surfaces of strychnine strychnine / strikni n/ noun a poisonous alka- the heart caused by bacteria loid drug, made from the seeds of a tropical tree, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord subacute combined degeneration of the and formerly used in small doses as a tonic spinal cord / s bəkju t kəm baind di | | Stryker frame Stryker frame / straikə freim/ noun a special d enəreiʃ(ə)n əv ðə spain(ə)l kɔ d/ noun a piece of equipment on which a patient can easily condition, caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency, in be rotated by a nurse, used for patients with spinal which the sensory and motor nerves in the spinal injuries cord become damaged and the person has diffi- ST segment ST segment / es ti se mənt/, S-T segment culty in moving noun the part of an electrocardiogram, between subacute sclerosing panencephalitis subacute sclerosing panencephalitis the points labelled S and T, immediately before /s bə kju t sklə rəυsiŋ p nenkefə laitis/ | | | the last phase of the cardiac cycle. PQRST noun a rare inflammatory disease of the brain, complex mostly affecting children. It is linked to having study measles at a very young age, and is usually fatal. study / st di/ noun the act of examining some- subarachnoid thing to learn about it She’s making a study of subarachnoid / s bə r knɔid/ adjective | diseases of small children. They have finished beneath the arachnoid membrane their study of the effects of the drug on pregnant subarachnoid haemorrhage subarachnoid haemorrhage / s bə | women. í verb to examine something to learn r knɔid hem(ə)rid / noun bleeding into the about it He’s studying pharmacy. Doctors cerebrospinal fluid of the subarachnoid space are studying the results of the screening pro- subarachnoid space subarachnoid space / s bə r knɔid speis/ | gramme. noun a space between the arachnoid membrane stupe stupe /stju p/ noun a wet medicated dressing and the pia mater in the brain, containing cerebro- used as a compress spinal fluid stupor stupor / stju pə/ noun a state of being semi- subclavian subclavian /s b kleiviən/ adjective under- | conscious After the party several people were neath the clavicle found lying on the floor in a stupor. subclavian artery subclavian artery /s b kleiviən ɑ təri/ | Sturge-Weber syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome / st d webə noun one of two arteries branching from the aorta on the left and from the innominate artery on the sindrəυm/ noun a dark red mark on the skin right, continuing into the brachial arteries and above the eye, together with similar marks inside supplying blood to each arm the brain, possibly causing epileptic fits subclavian vein subclavian vein /s b kleiviən vein/ noun stuttering stuttering / st təriŋ/ noun same as stammer- | one of the veins which continue the axillary veins ing into the brachiocephalic vein stye stye /stai/ noun same as hordeolum subclinical subclinical /s b klinik(ə)l/ adjective referring stylet | stylet / stailət/ noun 1. a very thin piece of wire to a disease which is present in the body, but which is put into a catheter or hollow needle so which has not yet developed any symptoms that it will not become blocked when it is not subconscious subconscious /s b kɒnʃəs/ noun the part of a being used 2. any long thin pointed instrument | person’s mental processes which he or she is not stylo- stylo- /stailəυ/ prefix referring to the styloid aware of most of the time, but which can affect his process or her actions í adjective present in the mind styloid styloid / stailɔid/ adjective pointed although a person is not aware of it
- Nursing.fm Page 295 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 295 sudden subcostal plane submucous resection submucous resection /s b mju kəs ri subcostal plane /s b kɒst(ə)l plein/ noun | | | sekʃən/ noun the removal of a bent cartilage an imaginary horizontal line drawn across the from the septum in the nose. Abbreviation SMR front of the abdomen below the ribs subnormal subcutaneous subnormal /s b nɔ m(ə)l/ adjective with a subcutaneous / s bkju teiniəs/ adjective | | mind which has not developed fully (NOTE: This under the skin. Abbreviation s.c. term is regarded as offensive.) subcutaneous injection subcutaneous injection / s bkju teiniəs | subphrenic subphrenic /s b frenik/ adjective under the in d ekʃən/ noun same as hypodermic injec- | | diaphragm tion subphrenic abscess subphrenic abscess /s b frenik bses/ subcutaneous oedema subcutaneous oedema / s bkju teiniəs i | | | noun an abscess which forms between the dia- di mə/ noun a fluid collecting under the skin, phragm and the liver usually at the ankles substance substance / s bstəns/ noun a chemical mate- subcutaneous tissue subcutaneous tissue / s bkju teiniəs | rial, e.g. a drug toxic substances released into tiʃu / noun fatty tissue under the skin the bloodstream He became addicted to certain subdural subdural /s b djυərəl/ adjective between the substances. | dura mater and the arachnoid substance abuse substance abuse / s bstəns ə bju s/, sub- subdural haematoma | subdural haematoma /s b djυərəl hi mə stance misuse / s bstəns mis ju z/ noun the | | | təυmə/ noun a haematoma between the dura misuse or excessive use of drugs, alcohol or other mater and the arachnoid which displaces the substances for pleasure or to satisfy addiction, brain, caused by a blow on the head which often causes health, emotional or social subglottis subglottis /s b lɒtis/ noun the lowest part of problems for the user | the laryngeal cavity, below the vocal folds substitution substitution / s bsti tju ʃ(ə)n/ noun the act | subinvolution subinvolution / s binvə lu ʃ(ə)n/ noun a con- of replacing one thing with another | dition in which a part of the body does not go back substitution therapy substitution therapy / s bsti tju ʃ(ə)n | to its former size and shape after having swollen θerəpi/ noun a way of treating a condition by or stretched, as in the case of the uterus after using a different drug from the one used before childbirth substrate substrate / s bstreit/ noun a substance which subjective subjective /səb d ektiv/ adjective represent- is acted on by an enzyme | ing the views or feelings of the person concerned subsultus subsultus /s b s ltəs/ noun a twitching of the | and not impartial The psychiatrist gave a sub- muscles and tendons, caused by fever jective opinion on the patient’s problem. Com- subtertian fever subtertian fever /s b t ʃ(ə)n fi və/ noun a pare objective | type of malaria, where the fever is present most of sublimate sublimate / s blimeit/ noun a deposit left the time when a vapour condenses í verb to convert vio- subtotal gastrectomy subtotal gastrectomy / s btəυt(ə)l lent emotion into action which is not antisocial | strektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of all but sublimation sublimation / s bli meiʃ(ə)n/ noun a psycho- the top part of the stomach in contact with the dia- | logical process in which violent emotions which phragm would otherwise be expressed in antisocial subtotal hysterectomy subtotal hysterectomy / s btəυt(ə)l histə | behaviour are directed into actions which are rektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of the socially acceptable uterus, but not the cervix subliminal subliminal /s b limin(ə)l/ adjective too slight subtotal pancreatectomy subtotal pancreatectomy / s btəυt(ə)l | to be noticed by the senses p ŋkriə tektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of | sublingual sublingual /s b liŋ wəl/ adjective under the most of the pancreas | tongue subungual subungual /s b ŋ wəl/ adjective under a nail | sublingual gland sublingual gland /s b liŋ wəl l nd/ noun succus succus / s kəs/ noun juice secreted by an organ | a salivary gland under the tongue succus entericus succus entericus / s kəs en terikəs/ noun | subluxation subluxation / s bl k seiʃ(ə)n/ noun a condi- juice formed of enzymes, produced in the intes- | tion in which a joint is partially dislocated tine to help the digestive process submandibular gland submandibular gland / s bm n dibjυlə succussion succussion /sə k ʃ(ə)n/ noun a splashing | | l nd/, submaxillary gland /s b m ksiləri sound made when there is a large amount of liquid | l nd/ noun a salivary gland on each side of the inside a cavity in the body, e.g. the stomach lower jaw sucrose sucrose / su krəυs/ noun a sugar, formed of submental submental /s b ment(ə)l/ adjective under the glucose and fructose, found in plants, especially | chin in sugar cane, beet and maple syrup submucosa suction submucosa / s bmju kəυsə/ noun tissue suction / s kʃən/ noun a force created by the | under a mucous membrane action of sucking The dentist hooked a suction tube into the patient’s mouth. submucous submucous /s b mju kəs/ adjective under a | sudden sudden / s d(ə)n/ adjective happening quickly mucous membrane
- Nursing.fm Page 296 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM sudden death 296 sudden death sulfonylurea sudden death / s d(ə)n deθ/ noun death sulfonylurea / s lfənailjυ ri ə/ noun any of a | without any identifiable cause, not preceded by an group of drugs which lower blood sugar, used in illness the treatment of diabetes sudden infant death syndrome sulfur sudden infant death syndrome / s d(ə)n sulfur / s lfə/ noun another spelling of sulphur infənt deθ sindrəυm/ noun the sudden death sulphur sulphur / s lfə/ noun a yellow non-metallic of a baby under the age of about twelve months in chemical element which is contained in some bed, without any identifiable cause. Abbreviation amino acids and is used in creams to treat some SIDS. Also called cot death skin disorders (NOTE: The chemical symbol is S.) sudor sudor / su dɔ / noun sweat sulphuric acid sulphuric acid /s l fjυərik sid/ noun a | sudorific sudorific / su də rifik/ noun a drug which strong colourless oily corrosive acid which has | makes someone sweat many uses suffer suffer / s fə/ verb 1. to have an illness for a long sumatriptan sumatriptan / su mə tript n/ noun a drug | period of time I suffer from headaches. 2. to which helps to narrow the blood vessels, used in feel pain I didn’t suffer much. 3. to receive an the treatment of acute migraine injury He suffered multiple injuries in the acci- sun blindness sun blindness / s n blaindnəs/ noun same dent. as photoretinitis suffering suffering / s f(ə)riŋ/ noun the experiencing of sunburn sunburn / s nb n/ noun damage to the skin by pain over a long period of time excessive exposure to sunlight suffocation suffocation / s fə keiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of sunstroke sunstroke / s nstrəυk/ noun a serious condi- | making someone become unconscious by cutting tion caused by excessive exposure to the sun or to off his or her supply of air hot conditions, in which the person becomes suffusion suffusion /sə fju (ə)n/ noun the spreading of dizzy and has a high body temperature but does | a red flush over the skin not perspire sugar sugar / ʃυ ə/ noun any of several sweet carbo- super- super- /su pə/ prefix 1. above 2. extremely hydrates (NOTE: For other terms referring to superciliary superciliary / su pə siliəri/ adjective referring | sugar, see words beginning with glyc-, glyco-.) to the eyebrows sugar intolerance sugar intolerance / ʃυ ər in tɒlərəns/ noun superego superego / su pər i əυ/ noun (in psychology) | | diarrhoea caused by sugar which has not been the part of the mind which is a person’s con- absorbed science, which is concerned with right and wrong suggestibility suggestibility /sə d esti biliti/ noun a mental superfecundation superfecundation / su pəfi kən deiʃ(ə)n/ | | | state in which somebody just accepts other peo- noun a condition in which two or more ova pro- ple’s ideas, attitudes or instructions, without duced at the same time are fertilised by different questioning them. It is usually increased under males hypnosis. superfetation superfetation / su pəfi teiʃ(ə)n/ noun a con- suggestible | suggestible /sə d estib(ə)l/ adjective easily dition in which an ovum is fertilised in a woman | influenced by other people who is already pregnant suggestion suggestion /sə d estʃən/ noun 1. an idea superficial superficial / su pə fiʃ(ə)l/ adjective on the sur- | | which has been mentioned The doctor didn’t face, close to the surface or on the skin agree with the suggestion that the disease had superficial thickness burn superficial thickness burn / su pəfiʃ(ə)l been caught in the hospital. 2. (in psychiatry) the θiknəs b n/ noun same as partial thickness process of making a person’s ideas change, by burn suggesting different ideas which the person can superinfection superinfection / su pərin fekʃən/ noun a accept, such as that he or she is in fact cured | second infection which affects the treatment of suicide suicide / su isaid/ noun the act of killing one- the first infection, because it is resistant to the self drug used to treat the first sulcus sulcus / s lkəs/ noun a groove or fold, espe- superior superior /sυ piəriə/ adjective (of part of the cially between the gyri in the brain | body) higher up than another part sulfa drug sulfa drug / s lfə dr /, sulfa compound superior aspect superior aspect /sυ piəriə spekt/ noun a / s lfə kɒmpaυnd/ noun same as sulfonamide | view of the body from above sulfasalazine sulfasalazine / s lfə s ləzi n/ noun a drug | superiority complex superiority complex /sυ piəri ɒriti belonging to the sulfonamide group of antibacte- | | kɒmpleks/ noun a condition in which a person rial drugs. It is used in the treatment of ulcerative feels he or she is better and more important than colitis and Crohn’s disease, and also of severe others and pays little attention to them rheumatoid arthritis. superior mesenteric artery superior mesenteric artery /sυ piəriə sulfonamide sulfonamide /s l fɒnəmaid/ noun a bacterio- | | mes(e)n terik ɑ təri/ noun one of the arteries static drug, e.g. trimethoprim, used to treat bacte- | which supply the small intestine rial infection, especially in the intestine and uri- superior vena cava superior vena cava /sυ piəriə vi nə keivə/ nary system, but now less important due to | increasing bacterial resistance noun a branch of the large vein into the heart, car-
- Nursing.fm Page 297 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 297 surgical suppression rying blood from the head and the top part of the suppression /sə preʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of sup- | body. See illustration at HEART in Supplement pressing something the suppression of allergic responses the suppression of a hormone supernumerary supernumerary / su pə nju mərəri/ adjec- | suppressor T-cell tive extra, more than the usual number suppressor T-cell /sə presə ti sel/ noun a | T-cell which stops or reduces the immune superovulation superovulation / su pər ɒvjυ leiʃ(ə)n/ noun | | response to an antigen of B-cells and other T-cells an increased frequency of ovulation, or produc- suppuration tion of a large number of ova at one time. It is suppuration / s pjυ reiʃ(ə)n/ noun the for- | often caused by giving a woman with infertility mation and discharge of pus problems gonadotrophin hormones to stimulate supra- supra- /su prə/ prefix above or over ovulation. supraglottis supraglottis / su prə lɒtis/ noun the part of | supination supination / su pi neiʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of the larynx above the vocal folds, including the | turning the hand so that the palm faces upwards. epiglottis Opposite pronation. See illustration at ANATOMI- supraorbital supraorbital / su prə ɔ bit(ə)l/ adjective in Supplement | CAL TERMS above the orbit of the eye supinator supinator / su pineitə/ noun a muscle which supraorbital ridge supraorbital ridge / su prə ɔ bit(ə)l rid / | turns the hand so that the palm faces upwards noun the ridge of bone above the eye, covered by supine supine / su pain/ adjective lying on the back. the eyebrow Opposite prone suprapubic suprapubic / su prə pju bik/ adjective above | supplement supplement / s plimənt/ noun 1. any extra the pubic bone or pubic area nutrients that are taken to help a specific condi- suprarenal suprarenal / su prə ri n(ə)l/ adjective above | tion when someone is not getting all they need the kidneys í noun same as suprarenal gland from their food vitamin and folic acid supple- suprarenal gland suprarenal gland / su prə ri n(ə)l l nd/, ments 2. a pill or product regarded as helpful in | suprarenal / su prə ri n(ə)l/ noun one of two improving health that can be bought without a | endocrine glands at the top of the kidneys, which prescription. Supplements are not tested in the secrete adrenaline and other hormones same way as prescription drugs. dietary or food suprarenal medulla supplements í verb to add on or increase above suprarenal medulla / su prəri n(ə)l me | d lə/ noun same as adrenal medulla what is taken usually She supplemented her diet with folic acid when she was planning a preg- suprasternal suprasternal / su prə st n(ə)l/ adjective | nancy. above the sternum supplementary prescriber supplementary prescriber / s pli supraventricular tachycardia supraventricular tachycardia / s bven | | ment(ə)ri pri skraibə/ noun a healthcare pro- trikjυlə t ki kɑ diə/ noun tachycardia coming | | fessional who, in agreement with a patient’s doc- from the upper chambers of the heart tor, implements an agreed course of treatment surfactant surfactant /s f ktənt/ noun a substance in | support hose support hose /sə pɔ t həυz/ plural noun the alveoli of the lungs which keeps the surfaces | stockings that fit tightly to the legs, worn to help of the lungs wet and prevents lung collapse the flow of blood surgeon surgeon / s d ən/ noun a doctor who special- supportive supportive /sə pɔ tiv/ adjective helping or ises in surgery (NOTE: Although surgeons are | comforting someone in trouble Her family was doctors, in the UK they are traditionally called very supportive when she was in hospital. The ‘Mr’ and not ‘Dr’, so ‘Dr Smith’ may be a GP, but local health authority has been very supportive of ‘Mr Smith’ is a surgeon.) the hospital management. surgeon general surgeon general / s d ən d en(ə)rəl/ noun support worker support worker /sə pɔ t w kə/ noun some- US a government official responsible for all | one who assists registered health service profes- aspects of public health sionals as part of a team, e.g. as a nursing auxil- surgery surgery / s d əri/ noun 1. the treatment of dis- iary or assistant, or in specialist areas such as eases or disorders by procedures which require an mental health, speech therapy or physiotherapy operation to cut into, to remove or to manipulate suppository suppository /sə pɒzit(ə)ri/ noun a piece of a tissue, organs or parts The patient will need | soluble material such as glycerine jelly contain- plastic surgery to remove the scars he received in ing a drug, which is placed in the rectum to act as the accident. The surgical ward is for patients lubricant, or in the vagina, to treat disorders such waiting for surgery. Two of our patients had to as vaginitis, and is dissolved by the body’s fluids have surgery. She will have to undergo surgery. 2. a room where a doctor or dentist sees and suppress suppress /sə pres/ verb to reduce the action of | examines patients There are ten patients wait- something completely, e.g. to remove a symptom ing in the surgery. Surgery hours are from 8.30 or to stop the release of a hormone a course of in the morning to 6.00 at night. treatment which suppresses the painful irritation surgical surgical / s d ik(ə)l/ adjective referring to The drug suppresses the body’s natural instinct to reject the transplanted tissue. The release of surgery All surgical instruments must be steri- adrenaline from the adrenal cortex is suppressed. lised.
- Nursing.fm Page 298 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM surgical diathermy 298 surgical diathermy wound, to apply ointment or to take a specimen 2. surgical diathermy / s d ik(ə)l daiə | a specimen taken with a swab a cervical swab θ mi/ noun a procedure which uses a knife or swallowing electrode which is heated by a strong electric cur- swallowing / swɒləυiŋ/ noun same as degluti- rent until it coagulates tissue tion surgical fixation surgical fixation / s d ik(ə)l fik seiʃ(ə)n/ Swan-Ganz catheter Swan-Ganz catheter / swɒn ntz | noun a method of immobilising something such k θitə/ noun a special catheter which can be as a bone either externally by the use of a splint or floated through the right chamber of the heart into internally by a metal plate and screws the pulmonary artery. The balloon at its tip is then inflated to measure arterial pressure. surgical gloves surgical gloves / s d ik(ə)l l vz/ plural sweat noun thin plastic gloves worn by surgeons sweat /swet/ noun a salty liquid produced by the sweat glands to cool the body as the liquid evapo- surgical intervention surgical intervention / s d ik(ə)l intə | rates from the skin Sweat was running off the venʃən/ noun the treatment of disease or other end of his nose. Her hands were covered with condition by surgery sweat. Also called perspiration í verb to pro- surgical neck surgical neck / s d ik(ə)l nek/ noun the duce moisture through the sweat glands and onto narrow part at the top of the humerus, where the the skin After working in the fields she was arm can easily be broken sweating. surgical ward surgical ward / s d ik(ə)l wɔ d/ noun a ward sweat duct sweat duct / swet d kt/ noun a thin tube con- for patients who have undergone surgery necting the sweat gland with the surface of the surgical wound surgical wound / s d ik(ə)l wu nd/ noun an skin incision made during a surgical operation sweat gland sweat gland / swet l nd/ noun a gland surrogate surrogate / s rə ət/ adjective taking the place which produces sweat, situated beneath the der- of í noun someone or something that takes the mis and connected to the skin surface by a sweat place of another person or thing duct surrogate mother surrogate mother a woman who has a child by sweat pore sweat pore / swet pɔ / noun a hole in the skin artificial insemination for a woman who cannot through which the sweat comes out become pregnant, with the intention of handing swell swell /swel/ verb to become larger, or cause the child over to her when it is born something to become larger The disease affects susceptibility susceptibility /sə septi biliti/ noun lack of the lymph glands, making them swell. The doc- | | resistance to a disease tor noticed that the patient had swollen glands in suspension suspension /sə spenʃən/ noun a liquid with his neck. She finds her swollen ankles painful. | solid particles in it (NOTE: swelling – swelled – swollen) suspensory suspensory /sə spensəri/ adjective hanging swelling swelling / sweliŋ/ noun a condition in which | down fluid accumulates in tissue, making the tissue become large They applied a cold compress to suspensory bandage suspensory bandage /sə spensəri | try to reduce the swelling. b ndid / noun a bandage to hold a part of the sycosis body which hangs sycosis /sai kəυsis/ noun a bacterial infection | of hair follicles suspensory ligament suspensory ligament /sə spensəri | sycosis barbae li əmənt/ noun a ligament which holds a part of sycosis barbae /sai kəυsis bɑ bi/ noun an | the body in position. See illustration at EYE in infection of hair follicles on the sides of the face Supplement and chin. Also called barber’s itch, barber’s rash sustentacular sustentacular / s stən t kjυlə/ adjective | Sydenham’s chorea referring to a sustentaculum Sydenham’s chorea / sidnəmz kɒ ri ə/ | noun temporary chorea affecting children, fre- sustentaculum sustentaculum / s stən t kjυləm/ noun a | quently associated with endocarditis and rheuma- part of the body which supports another part tism [Described 1686. After Thomas Sydenham suture suture / su tʃə/ noun 1. a fixed joint where two (1624–89), English physician.] bones are fused together, especially the bones in symbiosis symbiosis / simbai əυsis/ noun a condition in the skull 2. a procedure for attaching the sides of | which two organisms exist together and help each an incision or wound with thread, so that healing other to survive can take place. Also called stitch 3. a thread used symblepharon symblepharon /sim blefərɒn/ noun a condi- for attaching the sides of a wound so that they can | heal í verb to attach the sides of a wound or inci- tion in which the eyelid sticks to the eyeball sion together with thread so that healing can take symbol symbol / simbəl/ noun a sign or letter which place. Also called stitch means something suxamethonium suxamethonium / s ksəmi θəυniəm/ noun a Syme’s amputation Syme’s amputation / saimz mpjυ | | drug similar to acetylcholine in structure, used as teiʃ(ə)n/ noun a surgical operation to amputate a muscle relaxant during surgery the foot above the ankle [Described 1842. After swab swab /swɒb/ noun 1. a cotton wool pad, often James Syme (1799–1870), Edinburgh surgeon attached to a small stick, used, e.g., to clean a and teacher; one of the first to adopt antisepsis
- Nursing.fm Page 299 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 299 synostosed symptomatology (Joseph Lister was his son-in-law), and also symptomatology / simptəmə tɒləd i/ noun | among the early users of anaesthesia.] a branch of medicine concerned with the study of symmetry symptoms. Also called semeiology symmetry / simətri/ noun the regularity of structure and distribution of parts of the body, syn- syn- /sin/ prefix joint, or fused each side of the body being structurally similar to synalgia synalgia /si n ld ə/ noun a pain which is felt | the other in one part of the body, but is caused by a condi- sympathectomy sympathectomy / simpə θektəmi/ noun a tion in another part, e.g. pain in the groin which | surgical operation to cut part of the sympathetic can be a symptom of a kidney stone or pain in the nervous system, as a treatment of high blood pres- right shoulder which can indicate gall bladder sure infection. Also called referred pain sympathetic sympathetic / simpə θetik/ adjective 1. feel- synapse synapse / sain ps/ noun a point in the nervous | ing or showing shared feelings, pity or compas- system where the axons of neurones are in contact with the dendrites of other neurones í verb to sion 2. relating to or belonging to the sympathetic nervous system, or to one of its parts link something with a neurone sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system synaptic synaptic /sin ptik/ adjective referring to a | / simpəθetik n vəs sistəm/, sympathetic synapse system / simpəθetik sistəm/ noun part of the synarthrosis synarthrosis / sinɑ θrəυsis/ noun a joint, e.g. | autonomic nervous system, which leaves the spi- in the skull, where the bones have fused together nal cord from the thoracic and lumbar regions to synchondrosis synchondrosis / sinkɒn drəυsis/ noun a go to various important organs such as the heart, | joint, as in children, where the bones are linked by the lungs and the sweat glands, and which pre- cartilage, before the cartilage has changed to bone pares the body for emergencies and vigorous synchysis synchysis / siŋkisis/ noun a condition in muscular activity. parasympathetic nervous which the vitreous humour in the eye becomes system soft sympatholytic sympatholytic / simpəθəυ litik/ noun a drug | syncope syncope / siŋkəpi/ noun a condition in which which stops the sympathetic nervous system someone becomes unconscious for a short time working because of reduced flow of blood to the brain. sympathomimetic sympathomimetic / simpəθəυmi metik/| | Also called fainting fit adjective referring to a drug such as dopamine syndactyly syndactyly /sin d ktili/, syndactylism /sin hydrochloride which stimulates the activity of the | | d ktiliz(ə)m/ noun a condition in which two sympathetic nervous system and is used in car- toes or fingers are joined together with tissue diac shock following myocardial infarction and in syndesm- cardiac surgery syndesm- /sindesm/, syndesmo- /sindesməυ/ prefix referring to ligaments sympathy sympathy / simpəθi/ noun 1. the feeling or syndesmology expression of pity or sorrow for the pain or dis- syndesmology / sindes mɒləd i/ noun a | tress of somebody else 2. the relationship branch of medicine which studies joints between people which causes one of them to pro- syndesmosis syndesmosis / sindes məυsis/ noun a joint | voke a similar condition to their own in the other where the bones are tightly linked by ligaments one. For example, when the first person yawns, syndrome syndrome / sindrəυm/ noun a group of symp- the second feels an urge to yawn too. 3. the influ- toms and other changes in the body’s functions ence produced on any part of the body by disease which, when taken together, show that a particu- or change in another part lar disease is present symphysis symphysis / simfəsis/ noun the point where synechia synechia /si nekiə/ noun a condition in which two bones are joined by cartilage which makes | the iris sticks to another part of the eye the joint rigid synergism synergism / sinəd iz(ə)m/ noun a situation symphysis pubis symphysis pubis / simfəsis pju bis/ noun where two or more things are acting together in same as pubic symphysis such a way that both are more effective. Also symptom symptom / simptəm/ noun a change in the way called synergy the body works or a change in the body’s appear- synergist synergist / sinəd ist/ noun a muscle or drug ance, which shows that a disease or disorder is which acts with another and increases the effec- present and which the person is aware of The tiveness of both symptoms of hay fever are a running nose and synergy synergy / sinəd i/ noun same as synergism eyes. A doctor must study the symptoms before syngeneic syngeneic / sind ə ni ik/ adjective referring making his diagnosis. The patient presented all | to individuals or tissues that have an identical or the symptoms of rheumatic fever. (NOTE: If a closely similar genetic make-up, especially one symptom is noticed only by the doctor, it is a that will allow the transplanting of tissue without sign.) provoking an immune response symptomatic symptomatic / simptə m tik/ adjective | synostosed synostosed / sinɒ stəυzd/ adjective (of being a symptom of something The rash is | symptomatic of measles. bones) fused together with new bone tissue
- Nursing.fm Page 300 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM synostosis 300 synostosis syringe synostosis / sinɒ stəυsis/ noun the fusing of syringe /si rind / noun a medical instrument | | two bones together by the formation of new bone made of a tube with a plunger which either slides tissue down inside the tube, forcing the contents out through a needle as in an injection, or slides up synovectomy synovectomy / sinəυ vektəmi/ noun a surgi- | the tube, allowing a liquid to be sucked into it í cal operation to remove the synovial membrane of verb to wash out the ears using a syringe a joint syringo- synovia synovia /sai nəυviə/ noun same as synovial syringo- /siriŋ əυ/ prefix referring to tubes, | fluid especially the central canal of the spinal cord synovial synovial /sai nəυviəl/ adjective referring to the syringomyelia syringomyelia /si riŋ əυmai i liə/ noun a | | | synovium disease which forms cavities in the neck section synovial fluid synovial fluid /sai nəυviəl flu id/ noun a of the spinal cord, affecting the nerves so that the | fluid secreted by a synovial membrane to lubri- person loses the sense of touch and pain cate a joint. See illustration at SYNOVIAL JOINT in syringomyelitis syringomyelitis /si riŋ əυmaiə laitis/ noun | | | Supplement a swelling of the spinal cord, which results in the synovial joint synovial joint /sai nəυviəl d ɔint/ noun a formation of cavities in it | joint where the two bones are separated by a space syringomyelocele syringomyelocele /si riŋ əυ maiələυsi l/ filled with synovial fluid which nourishes and | | noun a severe form of spina bifida where the spi- lubricates the surfaces of the bones. Also called nal cord pushes through a hole in the spine diarthrosis system system / sistəm/ noun 1. the body as a whole synovial membrane synovial membrane /sai nəυviəl | Amputation of a limb gives a serious shock to the membrein/, synovium noun a smooth mem- system. 2. the arrangement of particular parts of brane which forms the inner lining of the capsule the body so that they work together the lym- covering a joint and secretes the fluid which lubri- phatic system cates the joint. See illustration at SYNOVIAL JOINT systemic in Supplement systemic /si sti mik/ adjective referring to or | affecting the whole body Septicaemia is a sys- synovitis synovitis / sainə vaitis/ noun inflammation of | temic infection. the synovial membrane systemic circulation synthesis synthesis / sinθəsis/ noun 1. the process of systemic circulation /si sti mik s kjυ | | leiʃ(ə)n/ noun the circulation of blood around combining different ideas or objects into a new whole 2. a new unified whole resulting from the the whole body, except the lungs, starting with the combination of different ideas or objects 3. the aorta and returning through the venae cavae formation of compounds through chemical reac- systemic lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus /si sti mik | tions involving simpler compounds or elements 4. lu pəs eriθi mə təυsəs/ noun one of several | in psychiatry, the fusing together of all the various collagen diseases which are forms of lupus, where elements of the personality (NOTE: The plural is red patches form on the skin and spread through- syntheses.) out the body. Abbreviation SLE synthesise synthesise / sinθəsaiz/, synthesize verb to systole systole / sistəli/ noun a phase in the beating of make a chemical compound from its separate the heart when it contracts as it pumps blood out components Essential amino acids cannot be systolic systolic /si stɒlik/ adjective referring to the synthesised. The body cannot synthesise essen- | systole tial fatty acids and has to absorb them from food. systolic murmur synthetic synthetic /sin θetik/ adjective made by systolic murmur /si stɒlik m mə/ noun a | | humans, made artificially sound produced during systole which indicates an unusual condition of a heart valve syphilis syphilis / sifəlis/ noun a sexually transmitted disease caused by a spirochaete Treponema palli- systolic pressure systolic pressure /si stɒlik preʃə/ noun the | dum high point of blood pressure which occurs during syring- syring- /sirind / prefix same as syringo- (used the systole. Systolic pressure is always higher than diastolic pressure. before vowels)
- Nursing.fm Page 301 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM T TAB talc TAB abbreviation typhoid-paratyphoid A and B talc /t lk/ noun a soft white powder used to dust He was given a TAB injection. TAB injec- on irritated skin tions give only temporary immunity against para- talipes talipes / t lipi z/ noun a foot with a shape that typhoid. TAB vaccine does not allow usual walking, a congenital condi- tabes tabes / teibi z/ noun a condition in which some- tion. Also called cleft foot, club foot one is wasting away talo- talo- /teiləυ/ prefix referring to the ankle bone tabes dorsalis tabes dorsalis / teibi z dɔ seilis/ noun a dis- | talus talus / teiləs/ noun the top bone in the tarsus ease of the nervous system, caused by advanced which articulates with the tibia and fibula in the syphilis, in which the person loses the sense of leg, and with the calcaneus in the heel. Also called feeling, control of the bladder and the ability to anklebone. See illustration at FOOT in Supple- coordinate movements of the legs, and has severe ment (NOTE: The plural is tali.) pains. Also called locomotor ataxia tamoxifen tamoxifen /tə mɒksifen/ noun a drug which tablet tablet / t blət/ noun 1. a small flat round object | helps to prevent the actions of oestrogen, used containing medicine that is taken by swallowing especially in the treatment of breast cancer and a bottle of aspirin tablets Take two tablets some types of infertility three times a day. 2. any tablet, pill or capsule taken by swallowing (informal ) tampon tampon / t mpɒn/ noun 1. a wad of absorbent taboparesis taboparesis / teibəυpə ri sis/ noun the final material put into a wound to soak up blood during | an operation 2. a cylindrical plug of soft material stage of syphilis in which the person has locomo- put into the vagina to absorb blood during men- tor ataxia, general paralysis and mental deteriora- struation tion TAB vaccine tamponade TAB vaccine / ti ei bi v ksi n/ noun a vac- tamponade / t mpə neid/ noun the action of | cine which immunises against typhoid fever and putting a tampon into a wound paratyphoid A and B tan tan /t n/ verb (of skin) to become brown in sun- tachy- tachy- /t ki/ prefix fast light He tans easily. She is using a tanning tachycardia lotion. tachycardia / t ki kɑ diə/ noun a rapid beat- | ing of the heart tantalum tantalum / t ntələm/ noun a rare metal, used tachyphrasia tachyphrasia / t ki freiziə/, tachyphasia to repair damaged bones (NOTE: The chemical | / t ki feiziə/ noun a particularly rapid way of symbol is Ta.) | speaking, as occurs with some people with mental tantalum mesh tantalum mesh / t ntələm meʃ/ noun a type disorders of net made of tantalum wire, used to repair cra- tachypnoea tachypnoea / t kip ni ə/ noun very fast nial conditions | breathing tantrum tantrum / t ntrəm/ noun a sudden episode of tacrolimus tacrolimus / t krə li məs/ noun a powerful bad behaviour, usually in a child, where the child | immunosuppressant drug used to reduce the risk throws things or lies on the floor and screams of organ transplant rejection tap tap /t p/ noun a surgical procedure to drain off tactile tactile / t ktail/ adjective able to be sensed by body fluid with a hollow needle or a tube í verb touch to remove or drain liquid from part of the body. taeniasis taeniasis /ti naiəsis/ noun infestation of the spinal | intestines with tapeworms tapeworm tapeworm / teipw m/ noun a parasitic worm Tagamet Tagamet / t əmet/ a trade name for a prepa- with a small head and long body like a ribbon. ration of cimetidine Tapeworms enter the intestine when a person eats tai chi tai chi / tai tʃi /, t’ai chi noun an ancient Chi- raw meat or fish. The worms attach themselves nese system of exercises designed for health, self- with hooks to the side of the intestine and grow defence and spiritual development longer by adding sections to their bodies.
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