Đôi lời chiêu tuyết cho Đặng Nhữ Lâm (Nhân đọc cuốn Tìm hiểu trận tuyến bí mật trong lịch sử Việt Nam)

wmmmj<br /> DOI LOI CHIEU TUYET CHO D A ] \ G Miff LAM<br /> (NHAN DOC CUON TIM HIEU TRAN TUYEN BfMAT<br /> TRONG UCH SU^VliTNAMi<br /> <br /> <br /> LE THANH LAN"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Dgt va'n d e dd chUa. Tuy vfiy, vdi s i lUpng tren 20.000<br /> Cuo'n sach Tim hieu trdn tuyin bi mat ban, chic chin nhie^u cuon cdn tren cac gifi<br /> trong lich sit Viet Nam (1) cua Nguyin Hong sach tai eac thU vien, edn dpc gia dpc din,<br /> DUdng ed le la mflt trong nhQng cuon sfich tfii nghi cung nen cd ldi bfin di> dfic gia khoi<br /> sdm, nlu khflng ndi la g i n nhu d i u tifin n h i m l i n , b i l u sai v l mflt nhfin vfit Hch sQ<br /> muln nhin mpt each khai qufit Uch sQ ngfinh CO cflng vdi dfi't nudc.<br /> an ninh trong sufi't chilu dai lich sQ dan tpc. Trong cuo'n sfich nfii trfin, Nguyen Hong<br /> Sach in da lau, tQ nfim 1986, khi sfich DUdng da vilt:<br /> mdi ra, tfii dpc da e6 y ngd ve mpt thflng tin "Nhd lfim tfi^t cflng tfic t u i n tra kiem<br /> ma n6 d% cfip, nfin dfi l i n theo Tdi liiu soat, giQ mfit phdng gian t l , nhfi Trin da<br /> tham khdo d cuoi sfich, tim den nhfi mpt phfit hifin dQdc nhQng hogt dpng gian diflp<br /> ngudi quen ed cuon Viet s^ tieu dn (ban in nguy hilm cua bon gifin diep khoae ao sQ<br /> nfim 1960 d Sai Gdn) de kiem tra lai. Khi gia, nhfi bufln Nguyfin; phat hien dUpc<br /> thfi'y die'u minh nghi nggi qua la ed 'Vfi'n dl", nhQng hogt dpng phdn qudc (L.T.L nhfi'n<br /> ro rfing Nguyin Hong DUdng da ngp nhfin manh) trong hfing ngu sQ gia nha Trin.<br /> mfi viflt sai, qua ngudi sd hQu cufl'n sfich, tfli NhQ Lam vang mflnh vua Trin di sQ dd ve<br /> da nhfin tdi tfic gia v l sai sot nay. Cong viec bdn do vi cung dien cdm thdnh vd hodng<br /> bfin rpn, nen din gid tfli mdi co dip vilt bai de thdnh Thdng Long (L.T.L nhfi'n mgnh) roi<br /> trao doi mot each cfin ke v l sai sot do, thUc ra gifi'u mang theo elfra thU da hi phfit gific vfi<br /> khong phai hUdng din tfic gia nQa mfi vi dpc trQng tri kip thdi" (2). O ghi ehu, tac gia<br /> gia vfi cung mot p h i n vi hfiu due cua "nhan eho biet minh dfin tQ sfich "Ngfi Thi Si -<br /> vfit" dupc d l cfip den, nhfi't lfi lue nay, khi mfi Viet sU tiSu dn, sdd. tr. 2lT'. Theo myc Tdi<br /> nhilu ngudi dang tim hieu ve vdi tien to' cua<br /> liiu tham khdo, ta bifl't cufl'n sach trfin lfi<br /> minh, tim v l coi nguon.<br /> ban dich dupe xufi't ban d Sfii Gdn nfim<br /> Khflng ro d i n nay sach da dupc tai ban 1960. Chung toi chi cfi ban Viit sii tieu dn<br /> chUa, tfic gia da cd ldi di'nh chinh lgi sai sot (3) cua Nha xufi't ban Thanh nien, in nfim<br /> <br /> <br /> 'PGS.TS. Hfi Nfii<br />  Rghian cQu Lieh aQ. so 1.8013<br /> <br /> 2001, cd ghi lfi theo ban dich cua Hpi Lifin D l thfi'y ro hdn vffn dl, chQng tfii xin<br /> lac nghien cQu vfin hda A chfiu, chfic lfi in trfch tQ cuon Lich vd lich Vi^t Nam, d dd<br /> lai dQng nguyen vfin tQ ban Sfii Gdn in hpc gia Hofing Xufin Han da d i n tQ Minh<br /> nfim 1960 nflu trfin, It nhfft thi f tQ dQng sil dogn vfin sau;<br /> nhu vfiy, vi ngfiy fi'y tdi dfi c i n thfin dfii 'Thfing hai nfim Dai DQc thQ 5 (1301,<br /> chilu roi. Nay thfi'y tren trang mgng (4) Nguyfln Thfinh T l , T r i n Anh Tdng) vifln<br /> cQng cd ban djch nfiy, trQng vdi ban nfim Thfii phfi Hofin Trgch tfiu: "SQ An Nam<br /> 2001. 6 dd, Ngd Thi Si vilt: "NhQ Lfim Dfing NhQ Lfim vfl trfim ban do cung Uyln,<br /> vfing menh di sQ sang Nguyen, mfit vS d6 mua gitfu dja do, sdch cdm (L.T.L nhfin<br /> ban cung difin vfi gifi'u mang theo cfi'm thQ, mgnh), sao chfip vfin thU v l bfin bgc ehuyfin<br /> viec phfit gific, vua Nguyen khfing nd trj dfinh Giao Chi. Lai ghi trflm tinh hinh<br /> tni, chi sai dufi'i vfl", vfi du bao tQ nay trd di qufin sQ d Bie bifin vfi vific xfiy sdn Ifing.<br /> ed sai sQ t h i n phai kdn chpn c i n thfin (di Xin sai sQ ban chilii trfich l i y dgi nghia".<br /> sQ mfi khflng cin thfin, g i n lfim Id vific Thfing 3, sai L l bfi thupng thu Ma Hgp Ma,<br /> nQde, dd lfi gUdng sang eho cac vj sQ t h i n , L l bfi thj lang Kieu Tdng Lfing mang chilu<br /> vfi cung dQpc bifl't nhfi Nguyen dm vdi nUde thu do Nhfit Tfln ( T r i n Nhfin Tflng lfi Thai<br /> ta xQ hfiu qua thfit)" (5). thupng hofing). Dai f lfi: "Bon NhQ Lfim<br /> Qua hai dogn tn'ch tren ta thfi'y ro rfing lfim vific trai phfip, dfing phai tri din cQng.<br /> Nguyen Hong DUdng da dien dgt hofin tofin NhQng t r i m thUdng ca thien hg sfic cho<br /> trfii vdi f cua Ngo Thi K. ThUe ra NhQ Lfim hQu ty tha cho v l . TQ nay phai chpn iQa sQ.<br /> da ve ban do cung cfifm thfinh Bfic Kinh vfi N l u mufl'n t r i n tinh d i l u gi thi phai hit<br /> mang "cfi'm thu" - saeh cfi'm - tQ nhfi Nguyfln sQc thfinh tam; chQ Ifi'y hU vfin mfi doi, thi<br /> ve, chQ dfiu cd ve "eung difin cfi'm thfinh va cd ich gi cho viflc minh xin. Chd sp doi cfich,<br /> hoang thfinh Thfing Long" nhU Nguyen Hong de trfinh hoi hfin v l sau". Roi lai sai bon<br /> DUdng viet. NhUng theo chQng tfii, chinh van hp TrUdng Vinh Thilc cQng sQ vl" (6).<br /> doan vfin Ngo Thi Si viet v l NhQ Lfim cung That ro rfing, tuy vfiy, chQng ta v i n cin<br /> chUa phan finh dUpc dQng npi dung eong vific khao cQu ky hdn, d l cd mfit k i t lufin thda<br /> cua ong, nhlTt la vific dfinh gia cdn nhilu dfing, ngo h i u chieu t u y l t eho sQ thin<br /> thien lech. Mot difl'u cung nen nfli tdi lfi Ngfl Dfing NhQ Lfim. D l cd them cd sd thuyit<br /> Thi Si khdng cho bifit v l hp cua nhan vfit mfi phue, chung ta c i n xem xfit v l ljch sQ lich<br /> fing nhic tdi. Viet Nam ndi chung vfi kf hdn mfit chQt vl<br /> Nfi'u nhin nhfin vfi'n di mpt each ddn ljch Vipt Nam giai doan ngay trUdc vfi sau<br /> gian, dudng nhu chi c i n trich dSn nhu t h i chuyfl'n di sQ nfiy.<br /> da lfi du de dflc gia dfli chie'u, khdi can binh 2. Doi nfit ve vific t u n lai lich co Viet Nam<br /> lufin dfii ddng. Cung chfnh vi vfiy, ngfiy fi'y Trong cfic thQ tjch c l ciia nUde ta, khflng<br /> tdi chl cd ldi n h i n tdi tfic gia sfich. Tuy vfiy, thfi'y ndi v l mfit lieh co rifing cua Vifit Nam<br /> ngim ky, ngay ldi phfl cua Ngfi Thi Si cung khac vdi lich Trung Qufi'c, cung khfing thfi'y<br /> chUa thda dang, d dfiy, ehung ta cung c i n cfic nhfi bfic hpc nhQ Lfl Qu^ Dfln, Phan<br /> hiiu "cfi'm thii" lfi gi. Theo hpc gia Hofing Huy ChQ viet v l vfi'n d l nfiy. Song, trong<br /> Xuan Han, "cfi'm thu" d day lfi lich thU, thu tjch eo', qua thfit cung ed dfli chS phang<br /> saeh day cfich lfim lich. phfi't v l kha nfing ed mfit lich c l Vifit Nam,<br /> nhUng dilu dd cdn rfi't md nhgt: ching han<br /> BQI IM chiau hiygh..<br /> <br /> trong Nam dng mdng luc. Ho Nguyfln dd lfi dng Nguyin Trpng Binh lgi khfing<br /> TrQng cd n h i c dl'n Bdch the thdng ky cua biet den cuon Bdch trung kinh di khao cQu<br /> Trin Nguyfin Dan (1325-1390), hay Bgi vfi dQa lich Vifit Nam vfio sfich cua minh.<br /> Nam thifi: Itic ghi lgi ldi tfiu cua sQ t h i n Cung cd t h i cd ngUdi da tiin hfinh khao<br /> Nguyin HQu Thfin Ifin vua Gia Long sau cQu efic cu^n lich c l trfin, nhUng khfing du<br /> chuyin di sQ v l nfim 1810, r i n g m i y trfim kifin n h i n vfi kinh ng^fim nfln khflng di din<br /> hfim qua l}ch ta theo mfit phfip cQ, trong k i t qua cuoi cQng. Vfi't tfch v l l i n khao cQu<br /> khi Trung Quic theo mfit phfip mdi... Thfit cdn lUu lgi trong cul'n Khdm dinh vgn niin<br /> ra, chi gin dfiy, sau khi da tim thfi'y ljch c l thti, kf hifiu R2200, d Thu vifin Qufic gia vdi<br /> Vifit Nam, ta mdi h i i u ro f nghia cua cfic dfi'u khuyen dd bing tay d tfi't ca cfic<br /> nhQng doan vfin dd. Tuy vfiy, tQ Ifiu nhilu thfing nhufin ciia 360 nfim lich. Chi cin dfii<br /> nhfi nghifln cQu dpc Dgi Vi^t sit ky todn thii chilu cac thang nhufin dd vdi mdt cuIn ljch<br /> thfiy trong dd nhQng thfing nhufin khfing cd Trung Qufic thi nhfin ra ngay cuIn ljch nfiy<br /> trong ljch Trung Qufic, da phfin vfin, tu hdi: khdng ghi lich Trung Quoc vfi cd t h i nhanh<br /> hofie lfi sQ gia ta chfip sai, hofie lfi ljch Vifit chfing di den k i t lufin, d dd ghi ljch Vi$t Nam.<br /> Nam khfic ljch Trung Qufi'c thfit? Hp khflng Cuo'n lich R2200 nfiy dfi dUpc chQng tfli in<br /> tin Dgi ViSt sit ky todn thii chdp sai, nhUng trpn bfl bing anh mfiu trong cu6i Ndm trdm<br /> cung khflng tim dupc b i n g chQng xfic thQc ndm lich Viet Nam (1544-2043) (7).<br /> vl sU t i n tgi cua mfit ljch c l Vifit Nam. Do thfi'y efic nQde trong khu vQc, hofie lfi<br /> Cho din g i n dfiy, rfi't nhilu ngudi v i n dQng lieh An Dp, hofie ifi dQng lieh Trung<br /> tin ring, khflng cd mfit ljch c l Vifit Nam. Quo'c, nen ft ngQdi nghi r i n g xa xUa Viet<br /> Mfit 1^ do ddn gian lfi da ed nhilu ngudi da Nam ta tQng cd mfit ljch rifing.<br /> bd cflng sQc ra soan cfic cuin lich dfii chilu Nfim 1884, hi^p Qdc Gifip Thfin<br /> lich DUdng vdi lieh Am-DUdng d d i u the ky (Patenotre) dUpc k^, nUde Vifit Nam bj chia<br /> trudc diu chl ghi lich Trung Qufi'c. NhQng lam ba kj^, theo ba t h i c h l quan \f khfic<br /> ngudi khfic tU nghi r i n g , minh khong cd nhau: Bie k^ (Tonkin), Trung Kf (Annam)<br /> chuyfln mfin v l lich hpc, dfinh chju. Ngay ca vfi Nam K;^ (Cochinchine) n i m trong Lifin<br /> khi dupc tilp xQc vdi cfic culh lich c l nfim d bang Dfing DUdng (Indochina) thufic Phfip.<br /> thu vifin, hp cung khflng ngd dd lfi lich Viet Do nhu eiu quan \f hfinh chinh, ngUdi<br /> Nam, hofin tofin khac ljch Trung Quoc, nfin Phfip d Bac K^ da sogn nhQng cuon lieh doi<br /> khfing khao cQu kf. Da hdn mfit lin, cfic chilu lieh DUdng vdi ljch Am-DQdng bing<br /> nhfi sogn ljeh da t i l p cfin cfic cfic cuon lich chQ Phfip vfi chQ Qufic ngQ. Cd le diu tien<br /> CO mfi khflng biit gifi tri cua chQng. Khi lfi Deloustal, R. sogn cuon Calendrier<br /> sogn cuon Lich thiky XX vfio nfim 1967, to annamite - fran(;ais de 1802 a 1916 (Vifit -<br /> lfim ljch cua Nha Khf tUpng da ed trong tay Phfip hdp ljch) in vfio nfim 1908. Cuon nfiy<br /> cuIn Hodng triiu Minh Menh khdm dinh dQpc tai ban cd b l sung vfio cfic nfim 1915,<br /> vgn niin thii, nhUng cung khflng khao cQu 1922 vfi 1935. Roi din Cordier, G. vfi Le DQc<br /> dl tira ra lich Vifit Nam cfi tQ nfim 1544. Hoat sogn cuo'n Concordance des calendriers<br /> Vfio trudc nfim 1976, Nguyen Linh, khi viS't lunaire et solaire de 1802-2010 ^ i chilu ljch<br /> Ldi tita. cho c u l h Bdng doi chieu Am Duong Am vfi ljch DQdng cua cac nfim 1802 - 2010)<br /> lick 2000 nam vd niin bieu lich sU da nfii in vfio nfim 1935. Nhiing cuon lich nfiy thflng<br /> din cuon Bdch trung kinh lfi lich Le, nhUng dvng d Bfic Kf vfi ca d Nam Kf nQa. Ca ba<br />