Effect of epidural ketamine in combination with opioids on haemodyanamics and electrocardiograph in dogs

The objective of this study is to find out the effect of ketamine in combination of opioids on haemodynamics and electrocardiograph in dogs. The ketamine hydrochloride at 3mg/kg bwt was administered epidurally at lumbosacrcal space in group I, whereas buprenorphine at 0.005 mg/kgbwt, pentazocine at 0.3 mg/kg bwt and meperidine hydrochloride (at 1 mg/kgbwt were given epidurally in combination with ketamine hydrochloride in group II, III and IV, respectively.