Ph¹m H÷u Doanh - L−u Kú
Kü ThuËt
Nu«i lîn n¸i
m¾n ®Î sai con
(In lÇn thø hai)
Nhµ xuÊt b¶n n«ng nghiÖp
Hµ néi - 1997
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Môc lôc
lêi TùA.............................................................................................................7
Ch−¬ng I: MéT Sè §ÆC §iÓM CHUNG CÇN BIÕT VÒ CON LîN........8
I. sù Ho¹T §éNG C¸C Bé M¸y TRoNG C¬ THÓ LîN........................................8
1. Bé m¸y tiªu hãa..............................................................................................................8
2. Bé m¸y tuÇn hoµn vµ h« hÊp ..........................................................................................8
3. Bé m¸y bµi tiÕt ...............................................................................................................9
II. Sù LI£N QUAN Gi÷a tÇm VãC lîn n¸i víi n¨ng suÊt lîn con .......9
1. Khèi l−îng lîn thÞt .........................................................................................................9
2. Khèi l−îng lîn c¸i gi÷ lµm gièng...................................................................................9
3. Khèi l−îng bµo thai........................................................................................................9
4. Khèi l−îng lîn con.......................................................................................................10
III. §ÆC §iÓM SINH Lý, SINH TR¦ëNG ..................................................................11
1. §Æc ®iÓm sinh lý lîn con..............................................................................................11
2. §Æc ®iÓm sinh tr−ëng cña lîn lai vµ lîn ngo¹i.............................................................11
3. Sù h×nh thµnh thÞt vµ sù ph¸t triÓn cña lîn theo h−íng n¹c ..........................................11
4. Sù ho¹t ®éng cña lîn ....................................................................................................12
Ch−¬ng II: GIèNG LîN.................................................................................13
I. NH÷Ng yªu cÇu chung........................................................................................13
1. C¸c yÕu tè ¶nh h−ëng ®Õn chÊt l−îng gièng ................................................................13
2. §Æc ®iÓm cña mét gièng lîn tèt ...................................................................................13
II. chän lîn c¸i lµm gièng sinh s¶n .............................................................15
1. C¸c tiªu chuÈn chän läc ...............................................................................................15
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2. C¸c giai ®o¹n chän läc .................................................................................................15
III. §ÆC §iÓM MéT Sè GIèNG LîN NU¤i TRONG N¦íC.................................16
A. C¸c gièng lîn néi ........................................................................................................16
B. C¸c gièng lîn ngo¹i .....................................................................................................19
1. Lîn Yorkshire (§¹i b¹ch) ............................................................................................20
2. Lîn Landrace ...............................................................................................................20
3. Lîn Duroc ....................................................................................................................21
4. Lîn Berkshire ...............................................................................................................21
5. Lîn Corwvall (Cãocvan) ..............................................................................................21
IV. LAI GIèNG................................................................................................................22
1. Sù biÓu hiÖn vµ sö dông −u thÕ lai................................................................................22
2. Sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a lai kinh tÕ vµ lai ®Þnh h−íng...........................................................23
3. Mét sè c«ng thøc lai nh»m ®¹t tû lÖ n¹c kh¸c nhau .....................................................23
Ch−¬ng III: KH¶ N¡NG SINH S¶N CñA LîN N¸I .................................25
I. sINH Lý §éNG DôC vµ PHèi GièNG CñA LîN Néi, LîN LAI vµ lîN
NGo¹i.................................................................................................................................25
1. Tuæi ®éng ®ùc ®Çu tiªn.................................................................................................25
2. Tuæi ®Î løa ®Çu.............................................................................................................25
3. Chu kú ®éng dôc cña lîn n¸i vµ ®éng dôc trë l¹i sau ®Î..............................................25
4. §Æc ®iÓm ®éng dôc ë lîn néi, lîn lai vµ lîn ngo¹i thuÇn.............................................26
5. Thêi ®iÓm phèi gièng thÝch hîp ...................................................................................26
II. KH¶ N¡NG SiNH S¶N CñA lîN N¸i...................................................................28
1. Sè løa ®Î vµ tuæi lo¹i th¶i cña lîn n¸i néi, n¸i lai vµ n¸i ngo¹i ....................................28
2. Sè løa ®Î cña lîn n¸i néi, n¸i lai vµ n¸i ngo¹i trong 1 n¨m..........................................28
III. CHäN LîN §ùC CHO PHèI GIèNG...................................................................29
1. Chän lîn ®ùc ................................................................................................................29
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Ch−¬ng IV: NU¤I D−ìNG Vµ CH¡M SãC LîN N¸i, LîN CON .......32
I. Nu«i D¦ìNG vµ CH¨m sãC LîN N¸I siNH S¶N............................................32
1. Lîn c¸i t¬......................................................................................................................32
2. Lîn n¸i chöa.................................................................................................................32
3. Ch¨m sãc lîn n¸i ®Î .....................................................................................................33
4. Sù tiÕt s÷a cña lîn.........................................................................................................34
II. NU¤I D¦ìNG CH¨M SãC LîN CON ...................................................................34
1. Lîn s¬ sinh ...................................................................................................................34
2. TËp cho lîn con ¨n sím................................................................................................35
3. Cai s÷a lîn con .............................................................................................................36
III. C¸c lo¹i thøc ¨n vµ t¸c dông ..................................................................37
A. C¸c lo¹i thøc ¨n dïng trong ch¨n nu«i lîn..................................................................37
B. X©y dùng khÈu phÇn ¨n cho lîn...................................................................................42
c. KhÈu phÇn thøc ¨n cho c¸c lo¹i lîn..............................................................................47
Ch−¬ng V: CHUåNG LîN N¸I.....................................................................52
I. yªu cÇu cHUNG vÒ x¢y DùNG CHUåNG........................................................52
1. §Þa ®iÓm......................................................................................................................52
2. H−íng chuång ..............................................................................................................52
II. NH÷NG YÕU Tè CÇN CHó ý KHI X¢Y DùNG CHUåNG ...............................53
1. VËt liÖu x©y dùng .........................................................................................................53
2. NÒn chuång ..................................................................................................................53
3. S©n ch¬i ®Ó vËn ®éng....................................................................................................53
4. R·nh n−íc tiÓu, n−íc röa chuång.................................................................................53
5. Hè ñ ph©n .....................................................................................................................54
6. T−êng chuång...............................................................................................................54
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7. M¸ng ¨n: (xem h×nh vÏ) ...............................................................................................55
III. MéT Sè KiÓU ChuåNG ........................................................................................56
1. KÝch th−íc c¸c lo¹i chuång..........................................................................................56
2. Chuång mét m¸i...........................................................................................................56
3. Chuång hai m¸i ............................................................................................................59
4. VÖ sinh chuång vµ thêi gian ch¨m sãc lîn...................................................................61
Ch−¬ng vi: pHßNG CH÷A BÖNH CHO LîN.......................................62
I. PH¢N BIÖT lîN KHoÎ, LîN èM...........................................................................62
1. Lîn kháe.......................................................................................................................62
2. Lîn èm .........................................................................................................................62
3. Ch¨m sãc lîn èm..........................................................................................................62
II. XEM XÐT L¢M SµNG LîN BÞ BÖNH....................................................................63
III. CHÈN §O¸N S¬ Bé MéT Sè BÖNH....................................................................63
1. BÖnh ®−êng tiªu hãa.....................................................................................................63
2. BÖnh d−êng h« hÊp.......................................................................................................63
3. BÖnh ë bé m¸y bµi tiÕt..................................................................................................63
4. BÖnh ngoµi da...............................................................................................................64
5. BÖnh toµn th©n..............................................................................................................64
IV. MéT Sè BÖNH TH¦êNG GÆP ë LîN N¸i ........................................................64
A. BÖnh sinh s¶n...............................................................................................................64
B. Bèn bÖnh nhiÔm trïng chÝnh ë lîn...............................................................................67
C. Mét sè bÖnh kh¸c.........................................................................................................69