Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng HTR, COD/N và pH của nhóm vi khuẩn anammox đến công nghệ xử lý nước thải nuôi heo

Ph4n I: CdNG NGHg B I £ N DOI SINH HQC 14 j<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NGHIEN CUtJ ANH HITONG HTR, COD/N VA pH CUA<br /> NHOM VI KHUAN anammox DEN CONG NGHE XtT LY<br /> NUdC THAI NUOI HEO<br /> <br /> Le Cong Nhat Phirong, Tran Trun^ Kien,<br /> Ngo Ke Sirong, Nguyen Tien Thang,<br /> Vi^n Sinh hoc Nhi$t dai<br /> Kenji Furukawa,<br /> Kumamoto Universty, Japan.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MdDAU<br /> Nam 1995, mgt phan iing chuyen hda ruto mdi chua timg dugc biet den trudc dd ve<br /> ca ly thuyet v^ thyc nghiem da dugc phat hien. Dd la phan irng oxy hda ky khi<br /> ammonium (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation, viet tat la anammox). Trong dd<br /> ammonium dugc oxi hda bdi nitrit frong dieu kien ky khi, khdng can cung cap chat him<br /> CO, dk tao thanh nito phan tu (Sfrouss va cs., 1995). Sy phat hien phan iing anammox da<br /> md ra cac hudng phat tiiln ky thuat xir ly nito mdi, dac biet la ddi vdi cac nude thai cd<br /> ham lugng nito cao. Trong vdng 2 thap nien qua, da bimg nd cac nghien cuu lien quan<br /> din anammox va iing dung cua nd. Tren bmh dien ly tiiuylt, chu trinh nitofrrnhien frong<br /> sach giao khoa da dugc bo sung mdt mit xich mdi, cdn fren binh dien cdng nghe, da cd<br /> nh^ may xu ly nito phi truyin thdng dugc xay dyng va van hanh.<br /> <br /> VAT LI£U VA PHl/ONG PHAP<br /> <br /> * Mo hinh thi nghifm<br /> - Md hinh cdt hinh tm cd thi tich la 10 lit (D 100mm va H 1000mm)<br /> - May bom dinh lugng: 7-20 lit/ngay<br /> - Bim dugc liy d sau giai doan lam giau cd ndng dg bim IOg/1<br /> - Bmh khi N2<br /> * Thdng so van h^nh<br /> - DO: 0 - 0.2mg/l<br /> - Luu lugng 10 lit/ngay<br /> - Nhiet do phdng (26-28°C)<br />  142 HQi nghj KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHg 2007<br /> <br /> <br /> * Phuong phap thi nghiem<br /> Dk tiln hanh thi nghiem nghien cim su anh hudng cua HRT, pH va COD/N din cac<br /> ylu td khac, ngudi ta thudng tien hanh 2 dang thi nghiem:<br /> » Loai thi nghiem md hinh theo dang me, phuong phap thi nghiem nay tiiudng<br /> nghien cuu vl sy phat triln sinh khoi, thdi gian phan iing nhdm vi khuin anammox<br /> lam viec, viec thay ddi cac dung dich nap vao md hinh, thudng ung dung frong<br /> nghien cim co ban.<br /> • Loai thi nghiem theo dang md hinh lien tuc thudng nghien cim chu ylu vl hieu suit<br /> xir ly nito ed trong dung dich (Ammonium, Nitrit).<br /> Trong de cuong nghien cuu, chiing tdi chgn nghien cuu ung dung, do do chiing tdi<br /> chon phuong phap nghien ciiu dang thi nghiem theo md hinh lien tuc la phii hgp.<br /> <br /> * Moi trirdng thi nghiem<br /> Bang VI. 1. Mdi trudng nghien cuu sy anh hudng thdi gian luu nude den hieu suat xir ly<br /> nito ciia nhdm vi khan anammox.<br /> <br /> KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br /> 1. Anh hirdng thoi gian liru nirdc (HRT) den qua trinh chuyen hoa nitrit va ammonium<br /> cua nhom vi khuan anammox<br /> Mdi giai doan chiing tdi tien hanh thi nghiem frong 18-25 ngay, dimg cho moi thi<br /> nghiem khao sat tinh chat nhdm vi khuan anammox a cac thdi gian luu: 6; 12; 18; 24;<br /> 30 gid, vdi myc dich tim ra qua trinh lam viec tdt nhat cho hieu suat loai nito cd frong<br /> dung dich (Ammonium, Nitrit) cao nhat. Chiing tdi tien hanh thi nghiem vdi 5 thdi gian<br /> luu nude thay ddi khac nhau frong thdi gian 100 ngay<br /> <br /> Thanh ph4n moi tripcrng Ndng dp<br /> NH4CI 500 mg/L<br /> NaN02 500 mg/L<br /> 1<br /> <br /> <br /> KHCO3 500 mg/L<br /> KH2PO4 27 mg/L<br /> CaCl2.2H20 0.180 g/L<br /> MgS04-.7H20 0.120 g/L<br /> Moi tru'ang 1* (g/L): EDTA:5, FeS04:5 1 mLA.<br /> Moi tryong II* (g/L): EDTA :5, ZnS04.7H20: 0.43, C0CI2.6H2O: 0 24 1 mL/L<br /> MnCl2.4H20: 0.99, CUSO4.5H2O: 0.25, NaMo04.2H20: 0.22, NiCb.eHzO" 0 19*<br /> NaSeO4.10H2O: 0.21, H3BO4:0.014<br /> Ph4n I: CdNG NGH£ BI^N Ddi SINH HQC 143<br /> <br /> - Cac thong so dau vao ciia mo hinh<br /> Thd'i gian lu-u nu-b-c HRT (gio') 12 18 24 30<br /> Toe dO dang nyac (m/gia) 0,167 0,083 0,056 0,042 0,033<br /> <br /> Ket qua bieu thi hieu suat lam viec khi thdi gian luu nude thai ddi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dd thj VI.1: Bilu hi^n hi^u suit ldm vi^c<br /> kh\ thdi gian \u>u niHdc (HRT) thay d6i Dd thj VI.2: Bilu hi^n hif u suit lam vif c khi<br /> theo thdi gian van hdnh thdi gian lu'u nu'dc thay doi<br /> <br /> <br /> Nhdn xet: Theo dd thi (Do thi 1, 2) chiing tdi nhan thay rang vdi thdi gian luu nude<br /> 6gid thi hieu suat dat dugc tu 42-46%, dieu nay khac phii hgp theo (Hung Soo Joo,<br /> 2005 va Furukawa, 2004). Nhung cac bai bao tren khao sat den hieu suat cao nhat khi<br /> thdi gian luu nude la l-3ngay. Vi cd the biet rang thdi gian luu nude 6gid thi khdng dii<br /> thdi gian cho nhdm vi sinh Anammox boat ddng tdt. Cdn neu tang thdi gian luu nude 12<br /> gid thi hieu suit dat dugc tu 75-78%, nlu tang thdi gian luu nude 18-24 gid thi hieu<br /> suit dat dugc tir 86-92%, vay vdi thdi gian luu nude tu 18 gid thi chiing bat diu lam<br /> viec dn dinh. Cdn khi tang thdi gian luu nude 30 gid thi hieu suat dat dugc tir 92-<br /> 93,7%. Khi thdi gian luu nude tang tir 18-30 gid thi hieu suit tang cung khdng dang kl<br /> do bim boat tinh anammox chiing tdi lam giau chua cd mat do nhdm vi khuan anammox<br /> dat cao, cd thi cdn mdt vai nhdm vi khuan khac han che qua trinh loai bd nito trong mdi<br /> tmdng cho vao, mat khac cd thi nhdm anammox chiing tdi lam giau cd mdt phan khac<br /> vdi cac nhdm vi khuin anammox ma tren thi gidi da tim ra cho nen mdi trudng chiing<br /> tdi diing van hanh md hinh chua phii hgp cho nhdm vi khuan anammox nay.<br /> <br /> Kit ludn: Nhdm vi khuin anammox lam giau tir biin ky khi ciia bl UASB trong he<br /> thdng xir ly nude thai nudi heo cd tinh chit boat ddng gin gidng vdi cac nhdm vi khuan<br /> anammox khac, la cd thdi gian tilp xiic dk xay ra theo co chi chuyen hoa nito trong dieu<br /> kien tdt vdi thdi gian luu nude la tir 18gid trd len.<br /> 144 HQi nghj KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE 2007<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br /> L Anh hudng ham lucmg chat hiru ca (COD) den qua trinh chuyin hoa nitrit yk<br /> ammonium cua nhom vi khuan fl/iammoA:<br /> Moi ti le COD/Tdng N chung tdi tiln hanh thi nghiem trong 1 8 - 2 0 ngay, vdi tiidi<br /> gian luu 24gid, vdi muc dich tim ra qua trinh lam viec tdt nhat cho qua trinh chuyen hoa<br /> nito cd trong dung dich (Ammonium, Nitrit) cao nhat. Chiing tdi tien hanh thi nghiem<br /> vdi 6 ti sd ddi khac nhau trong thdi gian 120 ngay.<br /> - Cac thdng sd dau vao ciia md hinh<br /> Tl so COD/Tong Nito- 0,2 0,4 0,8 1 1.5<br /> Tong Nito' vao (mg/l) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000<br /> <br /> Dd thi bieu hien ket qua qua trinh chuyen hoa nito<br /> <br /> <br /> 500<br /> CODn"-N= 0,2<br /> ,"^•80<br /> X<br /> 70 COD/T-N= 0,4<br /> <br /> <br /> V<br /> 60<br /> 50 COD/T-N= 0,6<br /> 40<br /> 30 • ^<br /> 20 ^<br /> 10<br /> V<br /> COD/T-N= 0,8 ; * .<br /> 0<br /> 50 100<br /> Thdi gian (ngay)<br /> <br /> <br /> Dd thj 3,4. Bieu thj hif u s u i t vdi tl If C0D/t6ng N thay d6i theo thdi gian van h^nh<br /> <br /> <br /> Nlian xet: Tir hai do thi 3 va 4, fren bieu thi rat rd sy anh hudng ciia COD din qua<br /> trinh chuyen hoa nitrit va ammonium ve khi nito cua nhdm vi khuin anammox nhu sau:<br /> Khi ti le COD/tdng N tu 0,0-0,2 thi hieu suit cdn fren SQ% nhung nlu tang ti 1?<br /> COD/tdng N tir 0,4-1,5 thi hi?u suit giam din tii 68% xuong khoang 14%. v i n de nay<br /> rat phii hgp vdi ly thuyet cd the giai thich sau:<br /> Tu dd till IV. 3 va IV. 4, chiing ta cd the nhaii thay ndng do COD cd frong dung'<br /> dich mdi trudng tin nghiem cd anh hudng rit Idn din qua trinh chuyin hoa ammonium<br /> va nitrit ve khi nito cua nhdm vi khan anammox. Dilu nay rit phii hgp vdi co chi hmh<br /> rV. 1, ma gia thuyet dua ra. Vi nhdm vi khuin anammox la nhom vi khuin ty dudng<br /> khdng can ngudn cac cacbon lam dinh duong chfrih dl chuyin hda cac thanh phin khac<br /> trong mdi trudng.<br /> J<br /> Ph^n I: CdNG NGHg B|£N Ddi SINH HQC 145<br /> <br /> . ,. d hai do till fren kit qua Cho thiy ring khi tang ti sd COD/tdng N, thi qua trinh<br /> chuyin hoa se giam di cd thi ndi len ring COD frong mdi trudng lam uc chl qua trinh<br /> chuyin hoa ammonium va nitrit vl khi nito ciia nhdm vi khuin anammox, la do cd thi<br /> hinh thanh nhdm vi khuin ki khi khac, nhim loai COD ma nhdm vi khuin anammox<br /> khdng cd kha nang canh franh, dilu nay cang chung minh rd la hien tugng bim ciia md<br /> hinh thi nghiem cd sy thay ddi mau tu bim dd chuyin sang dd nau.<br /> Kit ludn: Nhdm vi khuan anammox lam giau tir bun ki khi ciia bl UASB frong he<br /> thong xir ly nude thai nudi heo, cd tinh chit hoat ddng gin gidng vdi cac nhdm vi khuin<br /> anammox khac ma tren the gidi da nghien cim, la nhdm vi khuin ty dudng khdng cin<br /> ngudn cacbon va kha nang canh tranh yeu so vdi cac nhdm vi khuin ki khi khac, nhung<br /> cd kha nang tdn tai. Do dd nhdm vi khuan anammox chi phat triln tot khi mdi trudng<br /> khdng cd ngudn cacbon hiiu co.<br /> <br /> 2. Anh hirdng pH den hieu qua l^m viec ciia nhom vi khuan anammox<br /> Moi giai doan chiing tdi tiln hanh thi nghiem trong 18-25 ngay, thi nghiem nay<br /> khao sat tinh chat nhdm vi khuan anammox d cac pH: 6; 6,5; 7; 7,5; 8; 8,5 va 9, vdi muc<br /> dich tim ra qua trinh lam viec tdt nhat cho hieu suat loai bd nito cd trong dung dich<br /> (Ammonium, Nitrit) cao nhat. Chiing tdi tiln hanh khao sat 6 giai doan d 6 dilu kien pH<br /> khac nhau<br /> - Cac thdng sd dau vao ciia md hinh<br /> <br /> _eH_ 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,0<br /> *ioo<br /> pH 8, 8.5<br /> pH7<br /> 80<br /> t<br /> 70 r pH9<br /> "7^<br /> 60 ^:>T,H<br /> 50<br /> <br /> 40<br /> pH6.5<br /> 30<br /> <br /> 20 ^ pH6<br /> 10 110<br /> Thai gian (ngiy)<br /> <br /> Dd thj 6. Bieu thj hif u s u i t chuyin hda<br /> fi6 thj 5. Bieu thj hif u s u i t chuyen hda niter nitc khi pH thay ddi<br /> khi pH thay ddi theo thdi gian van h^nh<br /> <br /> Nhdn xet: Tir hai dd thi VI. 5 va VI. 6, bieu hien sy anh hudng ciia pH din qua<br /> trinh chuyin hda nitrit va ammonium vl khi nito cua nhdm vi khuan anammox nhu sau:<br /> Khi pH thay ddi tir 6-7 thi hieu suit ciing tang tu 31 din 68% nhung nlu tang pH len 7,5<br /> thi hieu suit tang nhanh len din 87%, vay khi tang pH len 0,5 thi hieu suit tang len<br /> khoang 20% cd nghia la pH tir 7,5 la pH bit diu dn dinh cho mdi trudng lam viec nhdm<br /> 146 . HQi nghj KHOA HQC vA C O N G NGHg 2007<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> vi khuin anammox, NIU tang pH len 8,0-8,5 thi hieu suat ciing tang, nhung hieu so tang<br /> nhe 5% nhung tilp tyc tang pH len 9,0 thi hieu suit bit diu giam. Vay pH frong mdi<br /> trudng tdt nhit cho nhdm vi khuin anammox hoat ddng manh nhit nim frorig khoang tu<br /> 7,5 - 8,5. Ciing tu dd thi II. 6 nhan thiy khi tang pH tir 6-7,5 thi hieu suit xir ly nito<br /> ciing tang tuyen tinh<br /> Kit ludn: Nhdm vi khuin anammox lam giau tir biin ki khi cua be UASB frong he<br /> thdng xu ly nude thai nudi heo, cd tinh chit hoat ddng cd hieu qua trong khoang pH tir<br /> 7,5-8,5.<br /> <br /> KET LUAN<br /> 1. Sau thdi gian 90 ngay tao mdi trudng thich nghi va 180 ngay lam giau bim, chiing tdi<br /> da tich luy dugc, bim dd cd the tdn tai nhdm vi khuan anammox, tir bim ki khi ciia be<br /> UASB trong he thdng xir ly nude thai nudi heo tai Xi nghiep lgn gidng Ddng A.<br /> 2. Nhdm vi khuan anammox lam giau, cd tinh chat boat ddng gan gidng vdi cac nhdm<br /> vi khuan anammox khac, la cd thdi gian tiep xiic de xay ra theo co che chuyen hoa<br /> nito frong dieu kien tdt vdi thdi gian luu nude la tir 18gid trd len<br /> 3. Nhdm vi khuan anammox lam giau, la nhdm vi khuan ty duong khdng can ngudn<br /> cacbon va kha nang canh franh yeu so vdi cac nhdm vi khuan ki khi khac, nhung cd<br /> kha nang tdn tai trong mdi trudng cd ndng do ammoruum. Do dd nhdm vi khuin<br /> anammox chi phat frien tdt khi mdi trudng khdng cd ngudn cacbon hihi co. Ti le<br /> COD/tdng N nhd hon 0,4<br /> 4. Nhdm vi khuan anammox lam giau, cd tinh chat hoat ddng tdt frong khoang pH tir<br /> 7,5 - 8,5 gan gidng vdi cac nhdm vi khuan anammox khac ma fren thi gidi da<br /> nghien cuu. pH tdi uu nhat frong nghien cuu nay la pH 8 ± 0,2. Nhdm vi khuin<br /> anammox hoat ddng khdng hieu qua d ndng do N-NH4 frong mdi trudng nhd hon<br /> 20mg/l. Nhung lai hoat ddng hieu qua d tai lugng Idn hon 0,5kgN/m^ngay, din<br /> lOkgN/m^.ngay<br /> <br /> TAX LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> <br /> 1. Egli, K., Franger, U., Alvarez, P. J. J., Siegrist, H., Vandermeer, J. R. and<br /> Zehnder.A, J. B. (2001). Enrichment and characterization of an anammox<br /> bacterium from a rotating biological contactor freating ammonium-rich leachate<br /> Arch. Microbiol. 175, 198-207.<br /> 2. Fujji, T., H, Rouse, D. J, and Furukawa, K. (2002). Characterization of tiie<br /> microbial community in an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing biofilm cultured on a<br /> nonwoven biomass carrier. J. Biosci.Bioeng., 94, 412-418<br /> 3. Helluiga C, Schellen AAJC, Mulder JW, van Loosdrecht MCM, Heijnen JJ (1998).<br /> The SHARON process: an innovative method for nitrogen removal from<br /> ammoniumrich wastewater. Wat Sci Tech. 37:135-142.<br /> ph^n I: CdNG NGHg BigN Ddi SINH HgC I47<br /> <br /> <br /> 4. Jetten, M. S. M., Wagner, M., Fuerst, J., Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., Kuenen, G.<br /> and Sfrous, M. (2001). Microbiology and application of the anaerobic ammonium<br /> oxidation ('anammox') process. Curr.Opin.Biotechnol. 12,283-288.<br /> 5. Mulder A. (2003). The quest for sustainable nifrogen removal technologies. Waste<br /> Science and Technology 48 (1), 67-75.<br /> 6. Schmid M. C, Maas B., Dapena A., and others (2005). Biomarkers for in sim<br /> detection of amaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria. Appl Environ<br /> Microbiol 71(4) 1677-1684.<br /> 7. Sfrous M, Kuenen JG & Jetten MSM (1999). Key physiology of anaerobic<br /> ammonium oxidation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.65, 3248-3250.<br /> 8. Sfrous, M., Heijnen J. J., Kuenen J. G, and Jetten M. S. M. (1998). The sequencing<br /> batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic<br /> ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50, 589-596.<br /> 9. Van de Graaf AA, Mulder A, de Bruijin P, Jetten MSM, Roberston LA, Kuenen<br /> JG. (1995). Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium is a biologically mediated process.<br /> Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 1246-51.<br /> 10. Van de Graaf AA, de Bruijin P, Robertson LA, Jetten MSM, Kuenen JG. (1996).<br /> Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing microorganisms in a<br /> fluidized bed reactor. Microbiology 142, 2187-96.<br />