HOI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT L^N THLf BA<br />
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NGHIEN ClTU BAO TON LOAI NHUM SO (TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA)<br />
TAI KHU VI/C VINH miA TRANG<br />
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NGO CHI THIEN, TRAN VAN BANG<br />
Trung tdm Nhiet dai Viet - Nga<br />
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Nhum sg li mgt frong nhimg ddi tugng thiiy sin vira cd gii frj kinh ti vira co gii trj trong<br />
nghien cuu khoa hgc vi dugc lifu nhung hifn nay dang nim trong tinh trang bio dgng dugc eic<br />
nha khoa hgc Vift Nam dua vao "Sich Dd" danh myc nhung loii dgng thuc vat quy hiim ein<br />
dugc bio vf vi phyc hoi. Trirng ciia Nhum sg dugc sir dyng cho nghien cuu vi sy phat triin<br />
phoi vi thi nghifm ve sy phan bio de tim hieu cic trifu chimg cua khoi u (Buznhikov, 1975),<br />
buong trirng vi tinh sio ciia Nhum sg li loai thuc in bd dudng co tic dyng ting cudng, hii phyc<br />
sue khoe mgt cich nhanh chdng. San lugng khai thic Nhum sg tren the gidi va d Vift Nam<br />
hang nim li rit Idn, nim 1993 sin lugng khai thic d Nha Trang li 500 tin ci vo vi 300 tin<br />
buong trimg vi tinh sio, nim 1995 tdng sin lugng khai thac fren thi gidi li 117193 tin. Tuy<br />
nhien sin lugng niy dang ngiy cing bj giim siit, theo thdng ke eiia FAO (2002) thi tir nim<br />
1995 den nam 2000 sin lugng khai thic tren the gidi da giim 16%. Q vung vjnh Nha Trang,<br />
loii Nhum sg dugc khai thic gan nhu quanh nim, tuy nhien nhirng thdng tin vi sin lugng loii<br />
cau gai niy hau nhu chua dugc thong ke. Trong nhirng nim gan day, nguon lgi Nhum sg ty<br />
nhien d nude ta hau nhu bj can kift do sy khai thic qui mure de phyc vy nhu cau su dyng trong<br />
nude vi xuat khiu, nhirng quy dinh ve khai thic hgp ly va bio vf nguon lgi ty nhien cua doi<br />
tugng niy chua dugc quan tam nhieu. Tiin hinh khdi phyc va bio vf nguon lgi Nhum sg, mgt<br />
loai vira cd gii trj dugc lifu vira cd gia tri kinh te d vimg vjnh Nha Trang li mgt vifc lim cd y<br />
nghia het sure to Idn vi thiet thye. Vifc thi nudi phyc hoi loai Nhum sg da dugc tien hinh va<br />
theo doi tir thing 2 din thing 12 nim 2006 tai be xi ming vi khu vyc bien H6n Mun, Bich Dam<br />
vinh Nha Trang.<br />
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\ PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ<br />
Loii Nhum sg (T. gratilla), cd vj fri phan loai nhu sau:<br />
Nginh Da gai Echinodermata<br />
Ldp Cau gai Echinoidea<br />
Bg Temnopleuroida<br />
Hg Toxopneustida<br />
Loii Tripneustesgratilla (Lawrence, A.\99Z).<br />
Sir dyng cac phuang phap thu thip so lifu, phuang phip diiu tra thye dja vi phucmg phip<br />
thye nghifm di ting hgp vi dinh gii kit qui d^t dugc. Ket qui dugc sir ly tren phan mem<br />
thong ke Excel di xic djnh muc dg sai khac vdi muc y nghTa p < 0,05.<br />
- Sir dyng phuang phip ki thira cic kit qua tir cic cdng frinh nghien curu da dugc cdng bo.<br />
- Bai lin quan sit moi trudng song ty nhien cua Nhum sg, khio sit xac djnh dia diem nuoi<br />
thi nghifm, do dac cie yiu to mdi trudng bing eic dung cy chuyen diing nhu miy do pH, nhift<br />
ke, miy do dg min .<br />
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811<br />
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HOI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN QUOC V t SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT LAN THLf BA<br />
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- Tiin hinh nudi Nhum sg d mdi trudng tu nhien: Ngudn gidng Nhum sg dugc thu ngoii ty<br />
nhien vi ehuyin tdi noi nudi, moi dgt thi chgn 50 con khde manh de danh dau bang canh dimg<br />
ludi cau kim loai cd gin mieng nhya khic so len vd Nhum sg di theo ddi chiing trong qui trmh<br />
nudi. Trudc khi thi nudi, Nhum sg dugc thuin dudng frong nude biin sach, cho in rong sun va<br />
rong cau chi vang, sau 3 din 5 ngiy thl tien hanh thi nudi.<br />
- Nudi thu nghifm Nhum sg frong bi xi ming: Sir dyng hf thong lgc sinh hgc de xir ly nude<br />
nudi: Nhum sg khde manh thu ngoii ty nhien, mat dg 5 con/m , be nudi cd kich thudc 3m x<br />
1,5m X Im, thuc in sir dyng li rong cau chi ving. Hing ngay chim sdc vat nudi, theo doi cic<br />
yeu to mdi trudng, toe dg tSng trudng va ti If song ciia Nhum sg.<br />
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Hmh 1: Tripneustes gratilla<br />
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II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU<br />
1. Mgt so yeu to mdi tnrdng nuoi Nhum sg<br />
Cic yeu td mdi trudng trong be qua eic thing nudi thu nghifm khi su dyng phuang phip lgc<br />
sinh hgc ludn nim trong khoing cho phep doi vdi Nhum sg. Tuy nhien, do be nuoi cd kich<br />
thudc nhd nen cic yeu to mdi trudng rat de bj bien dgng die bift li nhift dg (cd khoing dao<br />
dgng Idn 2675 - 33,5''C) se inh hudng rit Idn den toe dg ting trudng v i ti If song eiia chiing.<br />
Bdngl<br />
Mgt so yeu to moi tnrcmg v^ sinh canh nen diy moi truvng nuoi ty nhien (Hon Mun)<br />
STT Yeu to moi triroiig Ham lu-gng<br />
1 Dg man (S%o) 33-35<br />
2 Nhift dg tang ("C) 25-27<br />
3 pH 7,8 - 8,2<br />
4 Dg trong (m) 3-10<br />
5 Vat I0 limg (g/m'') 2,1 -4,6<br />
6 Mim ba hiru ca (%) 4,5 - 6,2<br />
San ho song, manh vyn cua san ho chet cd rong bam, mot<br />
7 Chat day<br />
so rong day, mim ba htru ca tren nen day<br />
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HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THL' BA<br />
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Bdng 2<br />
Mgt so yeu to moi trudng trong be nuoi<br />
STT Yeu to moi tru-cmg Ham lu-grng<br />
1 Dp man (S%o) 32,5 - 34<br />
2 Nhiet dg ("C) 26,5-33,5<br />
3 pH 7,6 - 8,3<br />
4 Oxy hoa tan (mg) 5,6-6,5<br />
5 Amoniac (NH3) (ppm)