PhD student chose the study: State management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam

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PhD student chose the study "State management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam" as a thesis topic of doctoral degree, majoring in economic management. systematize, clarify and supplement the rationale; to study the experiences of State management over urban housing development investment of some countries in the world, draw lessons for Vietnam; study the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam; On that basis, some feasible solutions are proposed to improve the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam.

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Nội dung Text: PhD student chose the study: State management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND TRAINING AND INVESTMENT CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ---*--- NGUYEN HONG PHU STATE MANAGEMENT OVER DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT HOUSES IN URBAN AREA IN VIETNAM Major : Economic management Code: 9.31.01.10 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS Hanoi, 2018
The thesis has been completed at: Central Institute for Economic Management Supervisor: 1. Assoc.Prof.,Dr. Hoang Van Cuong 2. Dr. Tran Hong Mai Reviewer 1: Assoc.Prof.,Dr. Vu Thi Minh Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.,Dr. Doan Duong Hai Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof.,Dr. Nguyen Dinh Tho The thesis will protect before the Council of thesis-level dissertation meeting at the Central Institute for Economic Management.... day ... month ... year 2019 The thesis can be found at the library: - Library of the Central Institute for Economic Management - National Library, Hanoi
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Reason for choosing thesis topic Housing development is one of the important contents of the socio-economic development policy of the country, ensuring the essential needs of the people. The State shall promulgate policies to promote the housing market and at the same time adopt policies to support housing for social policy beneficiaries, low-income earners and poor people who have difficulties in housing. contributing to political stability, ensuring social security and urban and rural development towards civilization and modernity. According to the National Housing Development Strategy up to 2020 and Vision to 2030 approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 2127 / QD-TTg dated 30 November 2011 and set target area of average housing in urban area reached 29m2 / floor / person. With the urbanization rate expected to reach 40%, the urban population is increasing, the demand for housing for urban residents increasingly requires the mobilization of all resources to implement housing projects. urban areas nationwide [14]. Starting from these issues, PhD student chose the study "State management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam" as a thesis topic of doctoral degree, majoring in economic management. systematize, clarify and supplement the rationale; to study the experiences of State management over urban housing development investment of some countries in the world, draw lessons for Vietnam; study the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam; On that basis, some feasible solutions are proposed to improve the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam. 2. An overview of published researches related to state management of urban housing development investment 2.1. Study abroad Investment in housing development in urban areas is always the area of interest. In the world there are many researches on content related to management of housing investment with different perspectives, such as: (1) Arthur C. Nelson, Casey J. Dawkins (2002), "The Relationship Between Growth and Ability to Buy a Home" at the University of Maryland; (2) Muyiwa Elijah Agunbiade (9/2012) "Land Management" University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria3010, Australia; (3) Terencem.Milstead (2008), "Urban Development in Post-Soviet", Florida State University of Social Sciences; (4) Terencem.Milstead (August 2009), report "National Urban Development Housing Framework (2009-2016)" at the Philippine Institute for Development Studies The (5) Olotuah. POND. and Bobadoye (2009) on "Sustainable Housing for the Urban Poor," Department of Architecture, Akure University of Technology, Nigeria; 2.2. Research in the country Typical research projects related to research topics include: (1) Nguyen Van Hoang (2009), "Improving the management capacity of the urban housing market” (2) Pham Ngoc Tuan (2015), "Development of new urban areas in Ho Chi Minh City towards sustainable development" (3) Nguyen Pham Quang Tu (2013), " Survey and assess the situation and efficiency of investment in new urban areas, on
2 that basis proposed mechanisms and policies to improve the efficiency of management of investment projects for development of new urban areas" Project Economic Department, Institute of Construction Economics, Ministry of Construction; (4) Dinh Trong Thang (2014), "Theoretical and practical basis for development of urban housing investment funds in Vietnam", (5) Do Hau & Nguyen Dinh Bong (2011), "Management of land and urban real estate"; (6) Nguyen Duong Danh (2011), "Vietnam Urban Development Strategy 2011- 2050";(7) Pham Ngoc Tru (2015), the theme "Central city with socio-economic development in the Red River Delta", PhD thesis, Development Strategy Institute, Ministry of Planning and Investment (8) Pham Van Binh (2015), theme "Housing tax policy in Vietnam", PhD thesis, NEU; (9) Nguyen Quang (2009), "Study of housing sector profiles", UN-Habitat workshop on housing development in Vietnam. 2.3. Some issues of the thesis have not been published research works solve First of all, the above-mentioned research works stop at evaluating the real situation and experience in investment in housing development in general and urban houses in particular. Specialized in the contents of State management of housing investment in urban areas in Vietnam today. Secondly, conditions for international environmental and environment integration as well as new trends of state management of urban housing development have changed with the development of the economy. world, so the effects of state management on housing development in urban areas should also be considered in the new conditions. Thirdly, the above research has not mentioned in depth the issues of state management theory for investment in housing development in urban areas such as concepts, objectives, principles ... 2.4. Some thesis issues will focus research and solve First: The thesis defines the basic contents to approach the situation and assess the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam; Second: Situational analysis, factors affecting the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in time; Third: Analyze, draw lessons learned from foreign experiences on state management of housing development projects in urban areas for reference to Vietnam; Fourth: Propose a system of some state management solutions are scientific and feasible, propose amendments and supplements to a number of laws, some standards and related standards. 3. Objectives and research questions of the dissertation * Research objectives: To build theoretical bases, analyze the current situation, propose directions and possible solutions to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the state management on investment in housing development in urban centers in Vietnam's urban centers. . * Specific objectives:
3 - Systematic and theoretical framework to clarify the basis of State management theory of investment in housing development in urban areas. + Clarifying concepts and contents of state management on investment in housing development in urban areas; + Building models and theoretical framework for management in state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam; + Develop criteria for assessing effectiveness of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam. - Analyze and evaluate the state of the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam, such as: + Analysis and assessment of the current situation through the seven basic content built by the author in the theoretical part of the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam last time, to find The advantages, limitations, causes and problems that need to be resolved; + Analyzing factors influencing, investigating, surveying and evaluating the effectiveness and effectiveness of State management of housing development investment according to criteria; + Study international experiences to draw lessons, as well as point out the advantages, limitations and causes in the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam. - To propose some scientific and feasible solutions to improve the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam in the coming time. 4. Subjects and scope of research 4.1. Research subjects State management of investment in housing development in urban areas includes the implementation of the legal system and policies; strategic planning, construction and management of urban housing development plans; the elaboration, promulgation and management of technical standards and procedures and norms for investment in urban housing development; management of investment capital and the operation of the real estate market. 4.2. Research scope a. Range of study on time The thesis on the state management of urban housing development projects in Vietnam from 2003 to 2016. b. Range of space The thesis on urban development investment projects was collected through surveys in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. c. Scope of research content The thesis limits the study of seven groups of contents of State management of housing development in urban areas including: (1) Content of State management of strategies and planning of housing development in urban areas; (2) Content group on construction and implementation of laws on investment in housing development in urban areas; (3) Content of State management on the order of investment in housing development in urban areas; (4) Content Group on State management of standards and standards for housing construction in urban areas;
4 (5) Content of State management to invest, mobilize capital for investment in housing development in urban areas; (6) Content of State management of housing market in urban area; (7) Content of State management for the inspection, examination and supervision of investment in housing development in urban areas. d. Research duties Research tasks of the thesis include: (1) Analysis of concepts, nature and characteristics of SM management of urban housing development; (2) Identify the contents of state management of housing development in urban areas in the context of urbanization in Vietnam; (3) Assessment of state management on housing development in urban areas in Vietnam in the period 2003-2016; assess the strengths, limitations and causes of limitations; Analyzing the impact of the impact factor on state management on investment in housing development in urban areas; (4) Proposing measures to improve state management of housing development in urban areas. 5. Approach and methodology 5.1. Approach The dissertation approached from the perspective of the role of the state for housing development in urban areas to study and solve the problem of state management of investment in housing development in urban Vietnam. In it, focus on theoretical and practical issues according to the management process including strategic orientation, planning, policy formulation, law, administrative procedure, waste management standards, standards, approval, inspection and supervision ... 5.2. Method of collecting and processing information and data a. study materials A combination of domestic and foreign studies related to research topics. b. The method of data collection - Primary data collection: (1) Interview with the open questionnaire about state management on investment in housing development in urban areas; Objects are leaders and staff working in agencies and organizations such as: Enterprises; Departments, departments, research institutes. (2) The research was conducted through 450 questionnaires, of which 180 questionnaires were answered by telephone, 270 by interviewees, or by direct submissions. investigate. - Secondary data collection: (1) Collect information from state management agencies on the management of the sectors (construction, land, finance, planning) in selected cities; (2) Report of enterprises investing in housing development in urban areas; (3) collecting information on books, magazines, the Internet; Statistical data of ministries and sectors. c. Methods of analysis, processing and analysis of survey data - Thesis qualitative analysis - Thesis on quantitative analysis - The thesis uses the expert method, consulting the scientists on the contents related to the thesis topic. 6. Theoretical and practical meanings of topic research i). Theoretically
5 First: The thesis adds, completes, models and contributes to clarify the theoretical framework and the state management in the field of housing investment in urban areas in Vietnam today. Second: Defining the basic and important contents of state management in the field of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam, including the following contents: Formulation of investment strategy and planning housing in urban areas; To formulate laws and policies on investment in housing development in urban centers; State management on the implementation of procedures; State management on standards and standards for investment in housing development in urban centers; SML on mobilizing investment capital for housing development in urban areas; State management of the housing market in urban areas; State management on the inspection and examination of investment in housing development in urban areas. Third: The thesis defines the criteria for assessing the suitability, effectiveness, effectiveness and sustainability of state management of urban housing development. Fourth: The thesis identifies two groups of factors that affect the state management of housing development in urban areas, including: Objective group, Subject group. Fifth: the thesis contains a summary of studies on housing management in some countries in the world that can serve as a practical basis to consider the application of lessons learned in state management on housing development in urban areas in Vietnam. ii). Practically The dissertation examines the situation as well as evaluates achievements, shortcomings and limitations of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam today; The thesis has divided the basic management of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam today, and synthesized the achievements and limitations of each management group, aiming to These achievements and shortcomings can be traced back to the analysis of the causes and general and specific solutions for each problem group. The research results of the thesis are the reference for further research on SM in the field of investment in housing development in urban areas. 7. Structure of the thesis Apart from the introduction, conclusions and recommendations, list of references, appendices, structural thesis consists of 03 chapters.
6 CHAPTER 1. THEORY OF REASON DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT HOUSE IN URBAN AREA 1.1. Concept of housing, urban area 1.1.1. Housing, characteristics of urban housing 1.1.1.1. Concept of housing According to housing law No. 65/2014 / QH13, housing is a building for the purpose of living and serving the needs of living of households and individuals. The term "housing" defined in the Housing Law includes: - A separate dwelling house is a dwelling house built on a separate residential land under the lawful use of an organization, a family household or an individual. - Condominiums are houses with 2 or more floors, with many apartments, common aisles, stairs, private ownership, common ownership and infrastructure system for common use by households. Family, individual, organization. - Commercial houses are houses built for sale, lease or lease-purchase according to the market mechanism. - Official-duty house means a dwelling house used for the subjects entitled to stay in public-duty houses under the provisions of this Law while they are in charge of their posts or work. - Housing for resettlement is a dwelling house to be allocated to households and individuals who are entitled to resettlement when the State recovers residential land. - Social houses are houses with support from the State for beneficiaries of housing support policies under the provisions of this Law. 1.1.1.2. Housing characteristics Housing features the following: First, housing is a fixed asset that has a life expectancy depending on the structure and materials of the product; Usually life span is from 50 to 60 years and there are also cases of hundred years or more; Second, housing is fixed in terms of architectural and structural shapes, as well as equipment that is difficult to change; to renovate, upgrade, change architecture is very difficult and expensive; Third, the demand for housing is very diverse, depending on the preferences as well as the ability of each object; changing according to the development of the socio-economy; Fourthly, for urban areas, housing is an important part of the system of technical infrastructure, especially social infrastructure; has a strong impact on the face of the city. 1.1.2. Urban area, housing urban area 1.1.2.1. Urban and urban areas At present, the term "new urban area" is usually understood as a newly built residential area in accordance with the approved planning and synchronous technical infrastructure, including the housing system and public works. Other for business or non-commercial use. 1.1.2.2. Housing in urban areas
7 Houses in urban areas are high-rise buildings, villas and houses, built according to the approved planning, with synchronous technical infrastructure, including the housing system and infrastructure works. Other public use for residential purposes, living of people and business. Urban dwelling houses are one of the residential complexes (apartment buildings, villas, adjoining houses), blocks of service works (electricity, water, lights, premises, trees ... ) and other public welfare facilities (internal roads, schools, health clinics ...) 1.1.3. To invest in the construction of urban centers and houses in urban centers 1.1.3.1. Invest in urban area Under the provisions of Clause 8, Article 2 of the Government's Decree No. 11/2013 / ND-CP of January 14, 2013 on urban development investment management, urban development investment projects are the first projects the construction of a project or a complex of works in the urban development area already decided and promulgated by competent authorities. Urban construction investment project is an investment project for the construction of works (which may include dwelling houses, technical infrastructure, public works ...) on a land plot allocated in the developed area. The plan is approved by the competent authority. 1.1.3.2. Invest in building houses in urban areas With regard to the definition of housing construction investment projects, as stipulated in Clause 8, Article 3 and Clause 2, Article 17 of the Housing Law of 2014, housing construction investment projects shall sum up the relevant proposals. the use of capital for the construction of new dwelling houses, technical and social infrastructure works in service of housing demand or for renovation or repair of dwelling houses in a certain place, including: Projects for investment in the construction of urban centers or mixed-use projects, with the land area reserved for the construction of dwelling houses; (2) Work construction investment project for mixed use for living and business purposes. 1.1.3.3. Stakeholders in investment in housing development in urban areas - Government The state is the person (entity) responsible for building the legal system, creating the legal framework for investment activities of housing development in urban areas. The State invests in the development of housing in urban areas as a macro manager of the activities of the housing market. - Investor A construction investor is a person (organization) owning capital or a person assigned to manage and use capital for the construction of a work. Investors shall be fully responsible before the law and investors for the whole quality and schedule of works as well as the cost of investment capital as prescribed by law. Owners of urban residential development investment projects are (organizations): They have invested capital under their ownership (satisfying the conditions prescribed by law); Having a reasonable project proposal in line with the planning and implementation plan of the urban development area. - Building contractors
8 Contractors in the construction of urban housing development investment projects are organizations and individuals with full capacit y for construction activities and capability for construction practice when participating in contractual relations to projects. Investment projects to build houses in urban areas. 1.1.4. Investment in housing development in urban areas Investment in housing development in urban areas is an investment activity, forming all types of housing under the approved planning for each urban area in order to meet the housing demand of urban people, according to Business principles are investment activities in which the investor pays money to invest in the construction of houses in urban areas and infrastructure works in service of people's daily life in construction investment projects. Build new urban areas, create new property for people's lives in urban or rural areas. 1.1.5. State management of investment in housing development in urban areas State management of investment in housing development in urban areas is the state management of the most common investment in housing development in urban areas of the country, is operating at the macro level, It is a continuous, organized and orientation effect that meets the objectives of the competent agencies in the process of investment in housing development in urban centers; Providing a favorable investment environment for investors, a comprehensive legal system, socio-economic measures, technical organization and other measures, from the preparation of investment to To finish the investment, to achieve the highest results and investment efficiency, to meet the situation of urban development, the demand of people compared to the urbanization speed of the country, and to implement Socio-economic objectives have been set. 1.2. State management system, objectives and role of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas 1.2.1. State management system of investment in housing development in urban areas State management of investment in housing development in urban areas is very large, involving many sectors and areas such as: natural resources, environment, fire prevention, security, national defense, top private, construction, transportation, industry, ... Thus, the state management of housing development in urban areas is implemented by the state through the system of state management apparatus, in association with the state power, specifically: - The Government performs the unified State management of investment in housing development in urban areas throughout the country. - The Ministry of Construction is answerable to the Government for the unified State management of investment in housing development in urban areas. - The ministries and ministerial-level agencies shall, within the ambit of their tasks and powers, coordinate with the Ministry of Construction in performing the State management over investment in housing development in urban centers. - The People's Committees at all levels shall have to perform the State management over investment in housing development in urban centers in their respective localities according to the Government's decentralization.
9 1.2.2. Objectives of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas The goal of State management of housing development in urban areas is through the operation of state management to ensure the investment projects for housing development in urban areas are implemented in accordance with the direction of housing development in each stage. To implement the policies on housing and construction investment, to ensure the efficiency of investment, to fully meet and satisfy the demand of housing users in urban areas. 1.2.3. The role and characteristics of state management of housing development investment in urban areas 1.2.3.1. The role of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas - Contribute important to the realization of the objectives, ideas, policies and policies in society. Through the function of execution and administration of the state administrative agencies on investment in housing development in urban areas - Maintaining the role of social administration, adjusting social relations in the direction of unity; plays the role of arbitrator to deal with the macro-level conflicts with regard to housing development investment. - Support to stimulate development, maintain and promote the development of society: consolidate and develop the infrastructure system, intervene in the development of society through investment policy system. To develop housing in urban areas, creating material material conditions for the development of the urban economy. .. - Produce material material conditions that affect social activities and adjust the social relations. 1.2.3.2. Characteristics of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas - State management of investment in housing development in urban areas often lasts for many years, from the construction of houses in urban areas to the management of the use of houses in urban areas after the completion of construction. Build houses to exploit. - State management of investment in housing development in urban areas is closely related to state management of the use of capital, supplies and labor necessary for construction investment and development of various types of houses. in urban areas. - Objects of the State management of housing development in urban areas are medium- and large-scale projects that have direct and important impacts on the socio-economic development in the areas where the urban areas are built. new. Supervising, inspecting and examining the implementation of the State's laws and policies on investment in housing development and investment in new urban development regarding responsibilities of ministries and provincial / city. 1.3. State management of investment in housing development in urban areas 1.3.1. Developing and announcing strategies and planning for investment in housing development in urban areas 1.3.1.1. To formulate strategies for investment in housing development in urban areas
10 Investment strategies for housing development in urban areas are expressed in the national housing development strategy in each period, specifically throughout the country and for each locality, ensuring the regulations of housing law and other related legal policies. 1.3.1.2. Planning investment in housing development in urban areas The State shall take the initiative in building and planning the development of the urban network in the whole country in the long-term and concretize it with plannings and plans on the construction of urban centers in each period in compatibility with the level Economic development in the country and in each place. The State shall announce the planning and management of the process of implementation of planning on investment in housing development in urban centers. 1.3.2. The State shall elaborate and implement the law and manage the regulations and standards in investment in housing development in urban centers State management of construction and implementation of the law in the area of investment in housing development in urban areas means the work, formulation and enforcement of laws and promulgation of legal documents issued by state agencies. At the central level, localities also promulgated legal documents on investment in housing development in urban centers in order to manage activities of investment in developing urban houses on the territory of the country. their localities. 1.3.3. State management of normative work - standards in investment in housing development in urban areas Design standards, techniques in housing development in urban areas are also part of urban design, a dynamic and flexible field. It's not like mechanical design or building items that can be easily standardized, it's very different, depending on where you are with the particular space and in different regions. Streamline the functions used in the urban public spaces ... 1.3.4. To exercise the State management over the order and procedures for investment in housing development in urban centers The order for investment in housing development in urban areas must comply with the following basic procedures: (1) Proposing the investment policy of the project; (2) Selecting investors to implement the project in accordance with regulations; (3) To elaborate, appraise and approve detailed construction plannings; (4) Making, appraising and approving the project feasibility study report; (5) Prepare, appraise, approve the environmental impact assessment report, commit to protect the environment; (6) Land allocation, land lease, land recovery; (7) Making, appraising and approving technical designs and cost estimates; (8) granting construction permits; (9) Acceptance, handover of construction works; (10) Issuance of certificates of land use rights, ownership of houses and assets on land; (11) Settlement of investment. 1.3.5. State management of mobilization of investment capital for housing development 1.3.5.1. Some sources of capital mobilized mainly for housing development investment
11 Major capital sources for investment in housing development in urban areas include: (1) bank capital and credit institutions; (2) mobilizing capital from bond issuance; (3) mobilizing capital through the issuance of real estate stocks from the stock market; (4) mobilizing foreign direct investment; (5) mobilize capital from idle money in the population; (6) mobilizing capital from customers (home buyers); (7) Establish trust funds for the housing and real estate markets. 1.3.5.2. To exercise the State management over the mobilization of investment capital for development of houses in urban centers State management of mobilizing capital for investment in housing development in urban areas is the State's development of a mechanism to mobilize capital in order to meet the investment tempo, ensuring concentration and efficiency; To make the fullest use of land revenue sources, especially the projects on development of new residential quarters; Applying mechanisms of socialization of investment, mobilizing capital in many forms; mobilizing development assistance (ODA) capital, encouraging investors (individuals, organizations ...) to invest in development. 1.3.6. State management of the urban housing market 1.3.6.1. Market for housing in urban areas The housing transaction market is the aggregation of housing relationships, which is carried out through monetary commodity relations, takes place in a certain space and time, where transactions take place. go home Buyers and sellers interact with each other to determine price and quantity of goods and services; Commodity trading is housing in urban areas. 1.3.6.2. State management of the urban housing market State management of the operation of the urban housing market is very important, as the operation of this market is subject to strict regulation and adjustment of the system of legal documents and basic. Subject to the laws of real estate business, housing law, civil law ... 1.3.7. Inspection and examination activities for investment in housing development in urban areas The inspection and examination of investment in housing development in urban centers aims to supervise the observance of policies and law on investment in construction of houses in urban centers. The inspection and examination in urban development investment in Vietnam now based on the legal norms of construction inspection, is reflected in the legal documents (Law on Construction, Law The Law on Land, the Law on Housing, the Law on Real Estate Business, the Law on Urban Planning), subordinate documents (decrees, circulars, decisions) 1.4. A number of criteria for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of housing development investment in urban areas Table 1.1. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of state management on investment in housing development in urban areas Criteria Symbol Evaluation criteria HL1 Level of response to transparency and transparency of urban development projects HL2 The level of completeness and uniformity of the legal system in the field of
12 housing development investment in urban areas in Vietnam HL3 Assess compliance with law, and obey senior commands of civil servants at Effective the competent agencies in the field of investment in housing development in ness urban areas. HL4 Assessment of the smooth coordination between parts of the administrative system, the state management in the field of investment in housing development in urban areas HL5 Levels of enterprises' implementation of laws and policies in the field of housing development investment in urban areas in Vietnam HQ1 Level of completion of plans in housing development investment activities in localities Effective HQ2 Effectiveness and quality of the appraisal and approval of local state management agencies in urban development investment projects HQ3 Effectiveness of propaganda and dissemination of legal documents in localities HQ4 Effectiveness of planning management in meeting the socio-economic objectives of urban housing development in localities over time with the national urban housing development strategy PH1 The suitability of the legal system in the field of urban housing development Fit investment with the real urban housing development of Vietnam over time PH2 The compatibility of the general planning and the suitability of the system of standards and standards in the formulation of investment projects on housing development in urban centers in localities in the recent past. PH3 The quality of human resources of the state management system and the speed of development of urban housing development projects in the past time in Vietnam BV1 The coherence of the urban investment policy of the local economy with the country's investment strategy for housing development. BV2 State management in the area of investment in housing development in Lasting urban areas in the past, has guaranteed the objective of equitable distribution of housing products in the urban housing projects. BV3 State management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam ensures the elements of infringement of natural relics, historical relics, cultural and public works. Source: Synthesizer 1.5. Factors affecting the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas 1.5.1. Group of objective factors A number of objective factors include: (1) economic factor; (2) Impact of international integration; (3) social factors (population growth, urbanization, free movement of people from rural to urban areas), (4) budget for planning development, infrastructure; (5) Capacity, level of development of enterprises. 1.5.2. Group of subjective factors The subjective factors include: (1) perspective, strategy development; (2) Legality and policy mechanism; (3) State management apparatus; (4) Capacity of managers. 1.6. Experience of some countries in state management of urban housing development and lessons for Vietnam
13 1.6.1. Experiences of some countries in state management of urban housing development investment 1.6.1.1. Chinese experience - Experience in planning and planning management - Experience in capital and market management 1.6.1.2. Singapore's experience Singapore attaches great importance to the standards and standards for the construction of high-end apartments suitable for the environment. 1.6.1.3. Experience of Japan and Korea The experience of Japan and Korea is that the State organizes housing development corporations owned by the State, aimed at stabilizing the housing market, ensuring social security; 1.6.1.4. The experience of Australia Australia builds a unified housing management model from central to local. 1.6.2. Some lessons learned for Vietnam from foreign experience - Lessons learned on model management In the coming time, it is possible to apply the experiences of some countries, especially Australia, to develop a model for management of interconnected information systems related to housing development. urban areas. - Lessons learned from planning work Vietnam can apply the experience of Australia planning is based on the criteria outlined above: Sustainability of the society; Natural sustainability; Technical sustainability; Financial sustainability. Social sustainability. - Lessons learned on building an information technology database The competent state management agencies shall apply e-informatics technology, build, manage and use information systems on houses and the real estate market. - Lessons on management of purchase, sale and mobilization of capital in housing development investment Vietnam can apply the Chinese experience on the system of management of purchase and sale, capital mobilization in investment housing development online through the website of specialized agencies such as the Ministry of Construction, Control and control both the progress and the capital mobilization of the investor to minimize the risk for home buyers.
14 CHAPTER 2. STATE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ON INVESTMENT IN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AREA IN VIETNAM 2.1. Overview of real estate investment in urban areas in Vietnam 2.1.1. Status of urban development in Vietnam Vietnam is now establishing urbanization zones, moving towards the formation of urban networks nationwide, linking rural areas with neighboring cities to ensure the benefits of economic growth for people. rural people. 2.1.2. Situation of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam Over time, the urban development situation in general, mainly housing projects in urban areas in the local development is more broad, rather than in depth, the level of development efficiency is low. The investment in the construction of urban housing development projects is still limited, the situation of violations of planning, construction permits, illegal construction and illegal operation still occurs, has not been bumped. The housing investment in urban areas is still unbalanced. 2.1.3. A general assessment of the status of investment in housing development in urban areas New demand for housing has been and continues to be concentrated in some big cities and industrial zones, especially Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The pace of development of urban housing projects has increased markedly over the years, both in the number of urban dwellings and in the quality of housing. However, there are still many limitations and inadequacies in state management in the field of investment in housing development in urban areas, reflected by the slow progress, stagnation, the project planning adjustment many times. Appropriate planning ... 2.2. An analysis of state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam 2.2.1. Current status of building strategy, investment planning for housing development in urban areas 2.2.1.1. Situation of building strategy for housing development in Vietnam On November 30, 2011, the first National Housing Development Strategy to 2020, vision to 2030 was approved by the Prime Minister. The national housing development strategy identifies the simultaneous development of two types of housing: First, commercial housing is a commodity housing market, which is available to eligible groups. market; Second, social housing is a non-commodity housing market with the support of the State to reduce costs, helping policy beneficiaries, the poor, low-income people, officials, public employees. civil servants, armed forces, workers, students ... 2.2.1.2. Status of state management of urban housing development investment According to the survey, in recent years, projects have been more transparent than housing development projects before 2011. However, there are still limited issues such as: Publicity, transparency of society The level of conformity of the general planning of urban housing development projects in urban areas is low.
15 Specifically, the Government Inspectorate has identified a wide range of violations ranging from planning, land use planning, construction planning to land use management in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. For construction planning, there are still many shortcomings, weakness and inadequacies. The state management of loose construction planning has led to many violations (Source: www.thanhtra.gov.vn). 2.2.2. State management of construction and implementation of laws related to housing development investment in urban areas 2.2.2.1. Status of legal development related to housing development investment in urban areas Vietnam has promulgated many important laws to build a legal system to manage investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam, specifically the revised Land Law 2013, Enterprise Law 2014, Law Building 2014, Investment Law 2014, Civil Code 2015 (Law No. 91/2015 / QH13), related to the adjustment of property rights and property rights, civil transactions on real estate; The 2014 Housing Law and the 2014 Real Estate Business Law. These laws add, modify and adjust to address the shortcomings of the real estate market in Vietnam at an earlier stage. 2.2.2.2. State management of law implementation related to housing development investment in urban areas Investment in housing development in urban areas is one of the fields subject to the Laws, there are close links and coordination between many sectors and many different areas such as urban planning, land, housing, finance, construction investment, technical infrastructure, environment and administrative management, population ... The current legal documents are not regulated and fully adjusted, overlapping ... 2.2.3. Status of state management on standards and standards related to housing development investment in urban areas 2.3.3.1. The status of the construction of the standard system relating to urban development investment The system of construction standards and standards in Vietnam is closely related to the development investment process of urban housing projects. So far, standards and standards have basically met development requirements of the industry in general and investment in housing development in particular. However, this system has many shortcomings in the process of construction and management, application. 2.3.3.2. Status of state management of standards related to urban housing development investment - The urban planning system: The current regulations still contain too many detailed regulations, which make it difficult to apply, apply, restrict the creation, apply new methodologies and methods. new to the planning. - Scale and density of urban construction: At present, large urban areas in Vietnam are thought to run according to the quantity and profit of the investor or
16 the designer so the works often violate the mechanical principles. a copy of the construction standard on planning. - Housing standards and standards: There are still many shortcomings in the issuance of norms on housing in general and housing in urban areas in particular. The standards and standards are slow to be researched and innovated, thus failing to meet the requirements of the society. The level of harmonization of the national standard system with the international standard system is low. 2.2.4. State management of the order and procedures in investment in housing development in urban areas 2.2.4.1. State management of the order and procedures in investment in housing development in urban areas The state of the process of housing development in urban areas in Vietnam is overlapping, lacking uniformity, complex procedures, multiple clues that lead to duplicate records in the regulatory system. of the Law. 2.2.4.2. Decentralization in housing development investment in urban areas At present, decentralization in the area of investment in housing development in urban areas has basically adjusted and synchronized a number of procedural rules to the field, most recently the Housing Law 2014 and specific is Decree No. 11/2013 / ND-CP. But implementation in the local is not strictly adhered. 2.2.5. Status of state management of mobilizing investment capital for housing development in urban areas 2.2.5.1. Real status of enterprises participating in housing development investment According to the survey, the real estate development companies, mainly residential real estate projects in Vietnam, still account for a large proportion of foreign investors. Figure 2.3. Situation of investors buying real estate in Vietnam in the period 2006- 2015 Investors buy real estate in Vietnam 2006-2015 Viet Nam Han Quoc Singapore Malaysia Hong Kong My Nhat Khac Source: Real Capital Analytis, Q4 2015
17 2.2.5.2. Status of State management of mobilizing investment capital for housing development in urban areas State management of capital mobilization of investors has not completed the remedies and control in time, the mechanism of controlling the use of capital for the right purpose of investors when making capital mobilization in the form of buying and selling The construction of future houses is still inadequate. 2.2.6. Status of State management of the market of housing transactions in urban areas 2.2.6.1. Situation of the housing market in the future The housing market tends to form modern satellite towns in cities and provinces, with large-scale urban projects. However, the state management of the transaction market of this type of housing is still inadequate in practice. 2.2.6.2. Status of state management of housing transactions formed in the future The current status of the law of real estate business for the purchase of houses and construction works in the future still have some inadequacies, resulting in the implementation of the contract has generated a lot of disputes, the picture The illicit business practices are becoming more and more sophisticated and serious, and many problems arise between homebuyers and investors. 2.2.7. Status of state management of the inspection and examination of investment in housing development in urban areas The most common violations in the area of investment in housing development in urban areas are still many in the localities across the country, especially the two big cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh. The inspection and examination of the construction of urban housing development projects is carried out regularly. Inspecting conclusions require revision of the State management agencies, investors, relevant units and individuals, which need to be adjusted in the elaboration, appraisal and approval of construction plannings; managing and implementing the planning; granting construction permits; To amend and supplement a number of legal documents on construction planning. 2.3. An assessment of the state management of investment in housing development in urban areas in Vietnam according to a number of criteria. Table 2.11. Evaluation Criteria for Effectiveness Rate of consent Targets (%) 1 2 3 4 5 HL1. The level of response to the openness and transparency of urban development projects 0 3,7 32,2 54,1 10 HL2. Full level of legal system in the field of housing development investment in urban areas in Vietnam 0 8,9 33 49,9 8,2 HL3. Assess compliance with laws, and obey senior orders of civil servants at competent agencies in the field of investment in housing development in urban areas. 0 2,1 52 44 1,9
18 HL4. To assess the rhythmic coordination among sections in the administrative system and state management in the 0 15 47 38 0 field of investment in the development of urban houses. HL5. The level of implementation of enterprises on laws and policies in the field of housing development investment 0 20 29 41,5 9,5 in urban areas in Vietnam 1- Strongly disagree; 2-Disagree; 3-split; 4-Agree; 5-Very agree (Source: author based on survey results, 2016) 2.3.2. Effective criteria The effectiveness of state management of urban housing development is measured indirectly through the following specific criteria: Table 2.12. Evaluation Criteria Effectiveness Rate of consent Targets (%) 1 2 3 4 5 HQ1. The level of completion of the plan in housing development investment activities in localities 13 39,5 44 3,5 0 HQ2. The efficiency and quality of the appraisal and approval of local state management agencies for 5,5 20,4 53,6 20,5 0 investment projects on urban housing development HQ3. Effectiveness of propaganda and dissemination of legal documents in localities. 2,7 51,5 33,8 12 0 HQ4. The level of management effectiveness in planning and meeting the socio-economic objectives in urban housing development in localities over time with the 2 9,6 43,2 45,2 0 strategy of urban development of the country. 1- Strongly disagree; 2-Disagree; 3-split; 4-Agree; 5-Very agree (Source: author based on survey results, 2016) 2.3.3. Assessment of state management of urban housing development investment in Vietnam according to appropriate criteria Based on survey data evaluating the criteria of the legal system in the field of investment in housing development in urban areas with the reality in urban housing development of Vietnam. Data show that the relative weight of relative appropriateness is as follows: Table 2.13. Criteria for eligibility Rate of consent Targets (%) 1 2 3 4 5 PH1. The suitability of the legal system in the field of urban housing development investment with the real urban 0 21,4 57,4 21,2 0 housing development of Vietnam over time PH2. The compatibility of the general planning and the suitability of the system of standards and standards in the 5,5 20,4 53,6 20,5 0 formulation of investment projects on housing development in urban centers in localities in the recent past.