Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible- P25

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Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible- P25:If you are reading this foreword, it probably means that you’ve purchased a copy of Adobe Photoshop 6.0, and for that I and the rest of the Photoshop team at Adobe thank you. If you own a previous edition of the Photoshop Bible, you probably know what to expect. If not, then get ready for an interesting trip.

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Nội dung Text: Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible- P25

Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 691 Text layer Type mask Insertion marker Horizontal type Vertical type Text palettes Figure 15-5: Photoshop 6 provides a full complement of text creation and formatting options, which you access from the Options bar, Character palette, and Paragraph palette. 4. Select the font, type size, and other formatting attributes from the Options bar and palettes. The upcoming sections explain your options. 5. Click or drag in the image window. If you click, Photoshop places the first character you type at the location of the blinking insertion marker, just as when you type in a word-processing program. Adobe calls this creating point text. Each line of type operates as an independent entity. Press Enter to begin a new line of text. Alternatively, you can create paragraph text by dragging with the type tool to draw a frame — called a bounding box — to hold the text. Now your text flows within the frame, wrapping to the next line automatically when you reach the edge of the bounding box.
692 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text If you create your text this way, you can apply standard paragraph formatting attributes, such as justification, paragraph spacing, and so on. In other words, everything works pretty much like it does in every other program in which you create text in a frame. Pressing Enter starts a new paragraph within the bounding box. 6. Type your text. If you mess up, press Backspace to delete the character to the left of the insertion marker. Press Delete to wipe out the character to the right of the insertion marker. 7. Edit the text, if necessary. To alter the character formatting, select the charac- ters you want to change by dragging over them or using the selection shortcuts listed in the upcoming Table 15-1. Then choose the new formatting attributes from the Options bar, Character palette, or Paragraph palette. If you don’t select any text, paragraph formatting affects all text in the bounding box. Otherwise, only the selected paragraph responds to your commands. 8. Click the Commit (check mark) button on the right end of the Options bar to commit the text. Don’t worry — “committing the text” simply takes you out of text-editing mode. As long as you don’t convert the text to a regular image layer, work path, or shape, you can edit it at any time. Tip If the Options bar is hidden or you just don’t like reaching to click the button, you can commit text by selecting any other tool, clicking any palette but the Character or Paragraph palette, or pressing Ctrl+Enter. Note While you’re in text edit mode, most menu commands are unavailable. You must commit the text or cancel the current type operation to regain access to them. To abandon your type operation, click the Cancel button — the large X at the right end of the Options bar — or press Esc. When you create the first bit of type in an image, Photoshop creates a new layer to hold the text. After you commit the type, clicking or dragging with the type tool has one of two outcomes. If Photoshop finds any text near the spot where you click or drag, it assumes that you want to edit that text and, therefore, selects the text layer and puts the type tool into edit mode. For paragraph text, the paragraph is selected as well. If no text is in the vicinity of the spot you click, the program decides that you must want to create a brand new text layer, and responds accordingly. You can force Photoshop to take this second route by Shift-clicking or Shift-dragging with the type tool, which comes in handy if you want to create one block of text on top of another. Tip Photoshop automatically uses the first characters you type as the layer name. You can change the layer name by Alt-double-clicking on the layer name in the Layers palette to bring up the Layer Properties dialog box.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 693 Creating vertical type Photoshop 6 By default, the type tool places characters horizontally across the image. But you can create a column of vertical type as well. In Photoshop 6, you don’t use a sepa- rate type tool as you did in recent versions. Instead, just click the vertical type button on the Options bar (labeled back in Figure 15-5). To return to normal left- to-right text orientation, click the adjacent horizontal type button. In truth, the vertical type option is nothing more than the standard type tool lifted from the Japanese version of Photoshop. As shown in the first example of Figure 15-6, it creates vertical columns of type that read right to left, as in Japan. If you want to make columns of type that read left to right, you have to create each col- umn as an independent text block. Read this way Rotate off Figure 15-6: By default, vertical type reads right to left, as shown in the first example. If you deselect the Rotate Character option in the Character palette menu, your characters appear like those on the right.
694 Photoshop Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text 6 After you click in the image, you have access to the Rotate Character command in the Character palette menu. (If the palette isn’t open, press Ctrl+T or click the Palettes button on the Options bar.) By default, the option is turned on, which gives you upright characters like those on the left side of Figure 15-6. Choose the com- mand again to rotate 90 degrees clockwise and flip characters on their side, as shown in the right side of the figure. If you want to rotate the type to some other degree, wait until after you commit the text to the layer (by clicking the check-mark button on the Options bar) and then use the Edit ➪ Free Transform command, which I describe in Chapter 12, to rotate the text layer. You also can choose Layer ➪ Type ➪ Horizontal and Layer ➪ Type ➪ Horizontal to change vertically oriented type to horizontally oriented type, and vice versa. Creating and manipulating text in a frame Photoshop 6 By dragging in your image with the type tool, you create paragraph text. As you drag, Photoshop draws a frame to hold your text, as shown in Figure 15-7. Photoshop calls this frame a bounding box. If you want to create a text frame that’s a specific size, Alt- click with the type tool instead of dragging. Photoshop displays the Paragraph Text Size dialog box, in which you can specify the width and height of the box. Press Enter, and Photoshop creates the bounding box, placing the top-left corner of the box at the spot you clicked. Origin point Figure 15-7: Drag the box handles to transform the frame alone or frame and text together.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 695 The bounding box looks just like the one that appears when you choose Edit ➪ Free Transform, and some of its functions are the same: ✦ Drag a corner handle to resize the box. Shift-drag to retain the original propor- tions of the box. The text reflows to fit the new dimensions of the box. ✦ Ctrl-drag a corner handle to scale the text and box together. Ctrl+Shift-drag to scale proportionally. To scale text alone, use the character formatting controls on the Options bar or in the Character palette (explained next). Either way, you can scale up or down as much as you want without degrading the text quality, thanks to the new vector-orientation of the type tool. ✦ To rotate both box and text, move the cursor outside the box and drag, just as you do when transforming selections, crop boundaries, and layers. Shift-drag to rotate in 15-degree increments. The rotation occurs respective to the origin point, which you can relocate by dragging, as usual. Using the bounding-box approach to type has more benefits than being able to use the transformation techniques I just described, however. You also can apply all sorts of paragraph formatting options to control how the text flows within the bounding box, as described in the upcoming section “Applying paragraph formatting.” Note Keep in mind that you also can scale, skew, rotate, and otherwise transform the text layer after you commit the text to the layer. In addition, you can size, distort, and rotate text using the options in the new Character palette, as explained later in this chapter. If you ever decide that you’d like to work with your text as regular text instead of paragraph text, cancel out of text edit mode by clicking the Commit or Cancel but- tons on the Options bar (the check mark and X buttons). Then select the text layer and choose Layer ➪ Type ➪ Convert to Point Text. Photoshop splits the paragraph text into individual lines. To go back to paragraph text, select the text layer and choose Layer ➪ Type ➪ Convert to Paragraph Text. Selecting text Before you can modify a single character of type, you have to select it. You can select all text on a text layer by simply clicking the layer name in the Layers palette. You can select individual characters by dragging over them with the type tool, as in any word processing program. You also have access to a range of keyboard tricks, listed in Table 15-1.
696 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Table 15-1 Selecting Text from the Keyboard Text Selection Keystrokes Select character to left or right Shift-left or right arrow Select whole word Double-click on word Select entire line Triple-click the line Move left or right one word Ctrl+left or right arrow Select word to left or right Ctrl+Shift+left or right arrow Select to end of line Shift+End Select to beginning of line Shift+Home Select one line up or down Shift+up or down arrow Select range of characters Click at one point, Shift-click at another Select all text Ctrl+A After selecting type, you can replace it by entering new text from the keyboard. You can likewise cut, copy, or paste text by pressing the standard keyboard shortcuts (Ctrl+X, C, and V) or by choosing commands from the Edit menu. You can undo a text modification by pressing Ctrl+Z or choosing Edit ➪ Undo. However, if you type a few characters and then choose Undo, you wipe out all the new characters, not just the most recently typed one. Photoshop 6 If things go terribly wrong, press Esc or click the Cancel button on the Options bar (the big X) to cancel out of the current type operation. Tip When you select text by clicking its layer name in the Layers palette, the text appearance doesn’t change on screen. If you use any other selection method, selected text appears highlighted, as is the convention. If the highlight gets in your way, press Ctrl+H to hide it. In Photoshop 6, this shortcut hides all on- screen helpers, including guides. Applying character formatting Photoshop 6 After you click your image with the type tool, the text orientation, Type Mask, and Text Layer buttons disappear, leaving you with the collection of formatting controls shown in Figure 15-8. The Character palette and its palette menu, also shown in the figure, offer some of these same controls plus a few additional options. If you use Adobe InDesign, the palette should look familiar to you — with a few exceptions, it’s a virtual twin of the InDesign Character palette.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 697 To open the palette and its partner, the Paragraph palette, click the Palettes button on the Options bar. Or choose View ➪ Show Character or press Ctrl+T to display the Character palette by its lonesome. Style Tracking Font Size Leading Kerning Vertical scale Baseline Horizontal scale Font Style Size Anti-aliasing Color Figure 15-8: Photoshop 6 provides several new character-formatting options; look for them on the Options bar and in the Character palette. Photoshop 6 In Photoshop 6, you can apply formatting on a per-character basis. For example, you can type one letter, change the font color, and then type the next letter in the new color. You can even change fonts from letter to letter. The next several sections explain the character formatting options. All apply to both paragraph and regular text. You can specify formatting before you type or reformat existing type by selecting it first. Tip If you ever want to return the settings in the Character palette to the defaults, make sure that no type is selected. Then choose Reset Character from the bottom of the palette menu.
698 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Font Select the typeface and type style you want to use from the Font and Style pop-up menus. Rather than offering lowest-common-denominator Bold and Italic check boxes (as was the case for Photoshop 4), Photoshop now is smart enough to pre- sent a full list of designer style options. For example, while Times is limited to Bold and Italic, the Helvetica family may yield such stylistic variations as Oblique, Light, Black, Condensed, Inserat, and Ultra Compressed. Photoshop 6 The Character palette menu contains a bunch of additional style options, which you can see in Figure 15-8. Click these options in the menu to toggle them on and off. A check mark next to the style name means that it’s active. ✦ Faux Bold and Faux Italic enable you to apply bold and italic effects to the letters when the font designer doesn’t include them as a type style. Use these options only if the Style pop-up menu doesn’t offer bold and italic settings; you get better looking type by applying the font designer’s own bold and italic versions of the characters. ✦ Choose All Caps and Small Caps to convert the case of the type. You can’t convert capital letters to Small Caps if you created those capitals by pressing Shift or Caps Lock on the keyboard. Tip Pressing Ctrl+Shift+K toggles selected text from uppercase to lowercase, as it does in QuarkXPress and InDesign. Remember that this shortcut works only when text is selected. If you’re working with the type tool and haven’t selected text, the shortcut affects any new text you create after the insertion marker; with any other tool, it brings up the Color Settings dialog box. ✦ Superscript and Subscript shrink the selected characters and move them above or below the text baseline, as you might want to do when typing mathe- matical equations. If Superscript and Subscript don’t position characters as you want them, use the Baseline option to control them, as I explain in the upcoming section “Baseline.” ✦ Underline Left and Underline Right apply to vertical type only and enable you to add a line to the left or right of the selected characters, respectively. When you work with horizontal type, the option changes to Underline and does just what its name implies. Strikethrough draws a line that slices right through the middle of your letters. Tip Keep in mind that you can always produce these styles manually by using the pencil or paintbrush — a choice that I prefer because it enables me to control the thickness, color, and opacity of the line and even play with blend modes. ✦ The Ligatures and Old Style options become available only if you select an OpenType font and only if the font designer included the required type varia- tions. A ligature is a special character that produces a stylized version of a pair of characters, such as a and e, tying the two characters together with no space between, like so: æ. Old Style creates numbers at a reduced size, which may extend below the baseline.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 699 Size Photoshop 6 You can measure type in Photoshop 6 in points, pixels, or millimeters. To make your selection, press Ctrl+K and then Ctrl+5 to open the Units and Rulers panel of the Preferences dialog box. (You must exit text mode to do so.) Select the unit you want to use from the Type pop-up menu. Tip You can enter values in any of the acceptable units of measurement, and Photoshop automatically converts the value to the unit you select in the Preferences dialog box. Just type the number followed by the unit’s abbreviation (“in” for inches, for example). After you press Enter, Photoshop makes the conversion for you. See Chapter 2 for more information about measurement units in Photoshop 6. If the resolution of your image is 72 ppi, points and pixels are equal. There are 72 points in an inch, so 72 ppi means only 1 pixel per point. If the resolution is higher, however, a single point may include many pixels. The moral is to select the point option when you want to scale text according to image resolution; select pixels when you want to map text to an exact number of pixels in an image. (If you prefer, you can use millimeters instead of points; 1 millimeter equals 0.039 inch, which means 25.64 mm equals 72 points.) Note Whatever unit you choose, type is measured from the top of its ascenders — letters like b, d, and h that rise above the level of most lowercase characters — to the bot- tom of its descenders — letters like g, p, and q that sink below the baseline. That’s the way it’s supposed to work, anyway. But throughout history, designers have played pretty loose and free with type size. To illustrate, Figure 15-9 shows the two standards, Times and Helvetica, along with a typical display font and a typical script. Each line is set to a type size of 180 pixels and then placed inside a 180-pixel box. The dotted horizontal lines indicate the baselines. As you can see, the only font that comes close to measuring the full 180 pixels is Tekton. The Brush Script sample is relatively minuscule (and Brush Script is husky compared with most scripts). So if you’re looking to fill a specific space, be prepared to experiment. The only thing you can be sure of is that the type won’t measure the precise dimensions you enter into the Size option box. Tip You can change type size by selecting a size from the Size pop-up menu or double- clicking the Size value, typing a new size, and pressing Enter. But the quickest option is to use the following keyboard shortcuts: To increase the type size in 2-point (or pixel) increments, press Ctrl+Shift+greater than (>). To similarly decrease the size, press Ctrl+Shift+less than (
700 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Times Bold Helvetica Tekton Brush Script Figure 15-9: Four samples of 180-pixel type set inside 180-pixel boxes. As you can see, type size is an art, not a science. Leading Photoshop 6 Also called line spacing, leading is the vertical distance between the baseline of one line of type and the baseline of the next line of type, as illustrated in Figure 15-10. In Photoshop 6, you set leading via the Leading pop-up menu in the Character palette, labeled in Figure 15-8. Again, either select one of the menu options or double-click the current value, type a new value, and press Enter. Leading is measured in the unit you select from the Type pop-up menu in the Preferences dialog box. If you choose the Auto setting, Photoshop automatically applies a leading equal to 120 percent of the type size. The 120 percent value isn’t set in stone, however. To change the value, open the Paragraph palette menu and choose Justification to display the Justification dialog box. Enter the value you want to use in the Auto Leading option box and press Enter. Tip The easiest way to change the distance between one line and another is like so: First, when adjusting the space between a pair of lines, select the bottom of the two. Then press Alt+up arrow to decrease the leading in 2-point (pixel) increments and move the lines closer together. Press Alt+down arrow to increase the leading and spread the lines apart. To work in 10-point (pixel) increments, press Ctrl+Alt+up or down arrow. (Again, if you work in millimeters, the leading value changes by 0.71 mm and 3.53 mm — the equivalent of 2 points and 10 points, respectively.)
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 701 Baseline Leading Baseline Figure 15-10: Leading is the distance between any two baselines in a single paragraph of text. Here, the type size is 120 pixels and the leading is 150 pixels. Kerning Technically, kern is the predetermined amount of space that surrounds each char- acter of type and separates it from its immediate neighbors. (Some type-heads also call it side bearing.) But as is so frequently the case with our molten magma of a lan- guage, kern has found new popularity in recent years as a verb. So if a friend says, “Let’s kern!” don’t reach for your rowing oars. Get psyched to adjust the amount of room between characters of type. (Yes, there are people who love to kern and, yes, it is sad.) Photoshop 6 You establish kerning via the Kerning pop-up menu in the Character palette, labeled earlier, in Figure 15-8. Select 0 to use the amount of side bearing indicated by the specifications in the font file on your hard drive. This setting gives you the same result as turning off the Auto Kern check box in earlier versions of Photoshop. Some character combinations, however, don’t look right when subjected to the default bearing. The spacing that separates a T and an h doesn’t look so good when you scrap the h and insert an r. Therefore, the character combination T and r is a special-needs pair, a typographic marriage that requires kern counseling. If you select Metrics from the Kerning pop-up menu, Photoshop digs farther into the font specifications and pulls out a list of special-needs letter pairs. Then it applies a pre- scribed amount of spacing compensation, as illustrated by the second line in Figure 15-11. In former versions of Photoshop, turning on the Auto Kern check box per- formed the same function as the Metrics option. Photoshop 6 In most cases, you’ll want to select Metrics and trust in the designers’ pair-kerning expertise. But there may be times when the prescribed kerning isn’t to your liking. To establish your own kerning, click between two badly spaced characters of type. Then select any value other than 0 from the Kerning pop-up menu. Or double-click the current kerning value, type a value (in whole numbers from –1000 to 1000), and press Enter. Enter a negative value to shift the letters closer together. Enter a posi- tive value to kern them farther apart. The last line in Figure 15-11 shows examples of my tighter manual kerns.
702 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text No kerning Metrics (auto kern) Manual kern Figure 15-11: Three examples of the kerning options in Photoshop 6. I’ve added wedges to track the ever-decreasing space between the difficult pairs Fo and Tr. Tip To decrease the Kerning value (and thereby tighten the spacing) in increments of 20, press Alt+left arrow. To increase the Kerning value by 20, press Alt+right arrow. You can also modify the kerning in increments of 100 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+left or right arrow. Incidentally, the Kerning and Tracking values (explained next) are measured in 1 ⁄1000 em, where an em (or em space) is the width of the letter m in the current font at the current size. This may sound weird, but it’s actually very helpful. Working in ems ensures that your character spacing automatically updates to accommodate changes in font and type size. Fractional Widths If kerning gives you fits, try turning off this option, found in the Character palette menu. (Click the option name to toggle the feature on and off.) When type gets very small, the spacing between letters may vary by fractions of a single pixel. Photoshop has to split the difference in favor of one pixel or the other, and 50 percent of the time the visual effect is wrong. Better to turn the feature off and avoid the problem entirely. Tip Enabling Fractional Widths is handy when you set the Kerning pop-up menu to 0 (which results in auto kerning) and set antialiasing to none, as demonstrated by the 10-point type in Figure 15-12. Macintosh users will find Fractional Widths especially useful, particularly when working with preset screen font sizes such as 9-point Geneva.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 703 Figure 15-12: Examples of how automatic kerning and the Fractional Widths option work together to correct the appearance of small type when antialiasing is turned off. Tracking Photoshop 6 The Tracking value, which you set using the pop-up menu to the right of the Kerning pop-up (see Figure 15-8), is virtually identical to Kerning. It affects character spacing, as measured in em spaces. It even reacts to the same keyboard shortcuts. The only differences are that you can apply Tracking to multiple characters at a time. And Photoshop permits you to apply a Tracking value on top of either automatic or man- ual kerning. (For folks experienced with Photoshop 4 and earlier, Tracking is more or less the equivalent of the old Spacing option, but measured in ems.) Horizontal and vertical scaling Photoshop 6 The Size pop-up menu scales text proportionally. But using the two scaling options highlighted in Figure 15-13, you can scale the width and height of letters individually. A value of 100 percent equals no change to the width and height. Enter a value larger than 100 percent to enlarge the character or lower than 100 percent to shrink it. Vertical scale Horizontal scale Figure 15-13: Change the Horizontal and Vertical scale values to change the height or width of text.
704 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Photoshop applies horizontal and vertical scaling with respect to the baseline. If you’re creating vertical type, then the Vertical value affects the width of the column of letters and the Horizontal value changes the height of each character. Tip You also can distort text after you create it by applying the Edit ➪ Free Transform command to the text layer. If you go that route and then decide you want the letters back at their original proportions, just open the Character palette and enter scaling values of 100 percent. Photoshop 6 By converting text to shapes, as explained a little later in this chapter, you can reshape characters with even more flexibility, dragging points and line segments as you do when reshaping paths and objects created with the shape tools. Baseline The Baseline value, which you set using the option box in the bottom-left corner of the Character palette, raises or lowers selected text with respect to the baseline. In type parlance, this is called baseline shift. Raising type results in a superscript. Lowering type results in a subscript. An example of each appears in Figure 15-14. +60 -30 +40 Figure 15-14: Baseline shift frequently finds its way into the worlds of math and science. The labels show the Baseline values.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 705 You can also raise type to create a built fraction. Select the number before the slash (the numerator) and enter a positive value into the Baseline option box. Reduce the type size of the number after the slash (the denominator) but leave the Baseline value set to 0. That’s all I did to get the fraction at the bottom of Figure 15-14. Tip Press Alt+up arrow to raise the Baseline value by 1 or Shift+Alt+down arrow to lower the value by 1. To change the value in increments of 10, add in the Ctrl key. Photoshop 6 Of course, now that Photoshop offers both a superscript and subscript type style, which you toggle on and off from the Character palette menu, you can use those options to create your fractions, too. But using the Baseline option gives you more control over how much your characters move up or down from the baseline. Color Photoshop 6 Click the Color swatch on the Options bar or in the Character palette to display the Color Picker dialog box. In Photoshop 6, you can apply color on a per-character basis. The color you select affects the next character you type and selected text. This new approach to color makes creating multihued lines of text much easier than it was in the past, when you had to create your text in a single color, select the colors you wanted to change, and then fill those characters by using Alt+Delete. Tip When applying color to selected text, you can’t preview the new color accurately because the selection highlight interferes with the display. Press Ctrl+H to toggle the selection highlight (as well as all other on-screen guides) on and off so that you can better judge your color choice. Antialiasing The anti-aliasing pop-up menu, found on the Options bar in Photoshop 6 (refer back to Figure 15-8), offers four choices. Whichever option you choose, the entire layer gets the effect. You can’t apply antialiasing to individual characters on a layer, as you can other formatting options. Choose None from the pop-up menu to turn off antialiasing (softening) and give characters hard, choppy edges, which is good for very small type. Crisp adds a slight amount of antialiasing, thus retaining sharp contrast. If you notice jagged edges, try applying the Smooth setting. If antialiasing seems to rob the text of its weight, you can thicken it up a bit with the Strong setting. Crisp, Strong, and Smooth produce more dramatic effects at small type sizes, as shown in Figure 15-15.
706 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Figure 15-15: The results of the four antialias settings, which you choose from a pop-up menu on the Options bar in Photoshop 6 Applying paragraph formatting Photoshop 6 Photoshop 6 brings the addition of paragraph formatting options, including justifi- cation, alignment, hyphenation, line spacing, indent, and even first-line indent. With the exception of the alignment option, all these options appear only in the new Paragraph palette and affect text that you create inside a bounding box. (See the section “Creating and manipulating text in a frame,” earlier in this chapter, for infor- mation about this method of adding text.) Figure 15-16 provides a field guide to the Paragraph palette and also shows the palette menu. Like the Character palette menu, this one offers additional choices related to paragraph formatting. Note Photoshop can apply formatting to each paragraph in a bounding box indepen- dently of the others. Click with the type tool inside a paragraph to alter the format- ting of that paragraph only. To format multiple paragraphs, drag over them. If you want to format all paragraphs in the bounding box, click the type layer in the Layers palette, which selects the whole shebang. You also can click the type and then press Ctrl+A. Tip When no text is selected, you can restore the palette’s default paragraph settings by choosing Reset Paragraph from the Paragraph palette menu.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 707 Indent options Alignment buttons Justification buttons Paragraph spacing options Figure 15-16: If you create text in a bounding box, you can control how text flows inside the box by using the options in the new Paragraph palette. Alignment The alignment options, found both in the Paragraph palette and on the Options bar, let you control how lines of type align with each other. Photoshop lets you align text left, center, or right. Figure 15-17 labels the alignment options along with the justification options, explained next. The lines on the alignment buttons indicate what each option does, and they change depending on whether you’re formatting vertical or horizontal type. Align left Align center Align right Figure 15-17: In addition to aligning individual lines of type with each other, you can apply paragraph justification to text in Photoshop 6.
708 Photoshop Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text 6 If you create bounding-box text, Photoshop aligns text with respect to the bound- aries of the box. For example, if you draw a bounding box with the right alignment option selected, the text cursor appears at the right edge of the box and moves to the left as you type. For vertical type, the right-align and left-align options align text to the bottom and top of the bounding box, respectively. You must choose a differ- ent alignment option to relocate the cursor; you can’t simply click at another spot in the bounding box. When you create point text — that is, by simply clicking in the image window instead of drawing a bounding box — the alignment occurs with respect to the first spot you click and affects all lines on the current text layer. Tip You can change the alignment using standard keyboard tricks. Press Ctrl+Shift+L to align selected lines to the left. Ctrl+Shift+C centers text, and Ctrl+Shift+R aligns it to the right. Roman Hanging Punctuation Photoshop 6 One additional alignment option controls the alignment of punctuation marks. You can choose to have punctuation marks fall outside the bounding box so that the first and last characters in all lines of type are letters or numbers. This setup can create a cleaner-looking block of text. Choose Roman Hanging Punctuation from the Paragraph palette menu to toggle the option on and off. Justification Photoshop 6 The justification options adjust text so that it stretches from one edge of the bound- ing box to another. The different options, labeled in Figure 15-18, affect the way Photoshop deals with the last line in a paragraph. Choose left justify to align the line to the left edge of the box; right justify to align to the right edge; and center to put the line smack dab between the left and right edges. With force justify, Photoshop adjusts the spacing of the last line of text so that it, too, fills the entire width of the bounding box. This option typically produces ugly results, especially with very short lines, because you wind up with huge gullies between words. However, if you want to space a word evenly across an area of your image, you can use force justify to your advantage. Drag the bounding box to match the size of the area you want to cover, type the word, and then choose the force justify option. If you later change the size of the bounding box, the text shifts accordingly. Tip You can further control how Photoshop justifies text by using the spacing options in the Justification dialog box, also shown in Figure 15-18. To open the dialog box, choose Justification from the Paragraph palette menu. You can adjust the amount of space allowed between words and characters, and you can specify whether you want to alter the width of glyphs — a fancy word meaning the individual characters in a font. Here’s what you need to know: ✦ The values reflect a percentage of default spacing. The default word spacing is 100 percent, which gives you a normal space character between words. You can increase word spacing to 1,000 percent of the norm or reduce it to 0 percent.
Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text 709 Justify left Justify center Justify right Force justify Figure 15-18: The justification options let you control how Photoshop adjusts your text when justifying it. ✦ The default letter spacing is 0 percent, which means no space between characters. The maximum letter spacing value is 500 percent; the minimum is –100 percent. ✦ For glyphs, the default value is 100 percent, which leaves the characters at their original width. You can stretch the characters to 200 percent of their original width or squeeze them to 50 percent. Enter your ideal value for each option into the Desired box. Whenever possible, Photoshop uses these values. The Minimum and Maximum options tell Photoshop how much it can alter the spacing or character width when justifying text. If you wind up with text that’s crammed too tightly into the bounding box, raise the Minimum values. Similarly, if the text looks too far apart, lower the Maximum val- ues. Enter negative values to set a value lower than 0 percent. Note You can’t enter a Minimum value that’s larger than the Desired value or a Maximum value that’s smaller than the Desired value. Nor can you enter a Desired value that’s larger than Maximum or smaller than Minimum. Tip If you want a specific character width used consistently throughout your text, use the Horizontal scale option in the Character palette rather than the Glyph spacing option. You can apply Horizontal scaling to regular text as well as paragraph text.
710 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text As for that Auto Leading option at the bottom of the Justification dialog box, it deter- mines the amount of leading that’s used when you select Auto from the Leading pop- up menu in the Character palette. For information on additional paragraph spacing controls, keep reading. Indents and paragraph spacing The five option boxes in the Paragraph palette control the amount of space between individual paragraphs in a bounding box and between the text and the edges of the bounding box. Figure 15-19 labels each option. First line indent Left indent Right indent Figure 15-19: Enter values into the top three option boxes to adjust the paragraph indent; use the bottom options to change spacing before and after a paragraph. Space before Space after Photoshop’s indent options work the same as their counterparts in just about every program on the planet. But just to cover all bases, here’s the drill: ✦ Enter values in the top two option boxes to indent the entire paragraph from the left edge or right edge of the box. ✦ To indent the first line of the paragraph only, enter a value into the first-line indent option box, which sits all alone on the second row of option boxes. Enter a positive value to shove the first line to the right; enter a negative value to push it leftward, so that it extends beyond the left edge of the other lines in the paragraph. ✦ Use the bottom option boxes to increase the space before a paragraph (left box) and after a paragraph (right box). Note In all cases, you must press Enter to apply the change. To set the unit of measure- ment for these options, use the Type pop-up menu in the Preferences dialog box; you can choose from pixels, points, and millimeters. As is the case with options in the