Sản xuất gạch không nung từ đất và phế thải công nghiệp, góp phần bảo vệ môi trường

IGHIEN Ctn»-<br /> <br /> <br /> San xudt gach khdng nung ttf ddt va phd thai<br /> cong nghiep, gdp phdn hao vd mdi trirdng<br /> PHAN VAN HUNG<br /> Cong ty Song Da 909<br /> <br /> 1. Dat van de<br /> Hien nay, vdi su p h a t trien<br /> m a n h me cua n g a n h Xay d u n g ,<br /> h a n g nam, ca nudc tieu thu tir<br /> 20 - 22 ty vien gach cac leai, n e u<br /> cii da phat trien nay, d e n n a m<br /> 2020 lugng gach can che xay<br /> d u n g la hon 40 ty v i e n / n a m . De<br /> dat dugc mirc nay, lugng dat set<br /> phai tieu thii vao k h o a n g 600<br /> trieu m-^/nam, tuong d u o n g vdi<br /> 30.000 ha d i t canh tac; binh San xua t ga ch khong n ung gop phan tich cue bao ve moi trudng<br /> quan mdi n a m mat 2.500 ha dat Ai-ih: CTV<br /> canh tac. Rieng n a m 2020, se n u n g hien chiem tdi hon 70% thi - Cac day chuyen gach khdng<br /> m a t k h o a n g 3.150 ha d a t . phan, mdt sd nudc phat trien n u n g da tiing dugc dua vao nudc<br /> Khdng nhiing vay, gach n u n g tren the gidi dang cd xu h u d n g ta p h a n ldn la tliiet bi qua dat,<br /> cdn tieu tdn rat n h i e u n a n g giam gach dat set n u n g xudng cdng nghe qua phiic tap, lam cho<br /> lugng: Than, cui, dac biet la chi cdn 30% - 50% va cd xu gia thanh vien gach khdng nung<br /> than da, va thai vao b a u khi h u d n g thay the toan bg bang trd thanh m e t leai hang "xa xi"<br /> q u y e n n h i e u loai khi ddc, gach khdng nung. treng nhan dan va n h u vay gach<br /> khdng chi anh h u d n g tdi mdi O n u d c ta, trong dan gian da nimg van thang the.<br /> trudng, siic khoe ctia cen ngudi, sir d u n g gach k h d n g n u n g tir - C h u a cd cdng nghe san<br /> ma cdn lam giam nang suat ciia lau, n h u cac loai gach p a p a n h x u a t gach k h d n g n u n g tir<br /> cay trdng, vat nudi. Do vay, (dugc san xuat tir phe thai cdng nhiing vat lieu d o n gian, re<br /> viec sii d u n g gach k h d n g n u n g nghiep: xi than, vdi bdt), gach tien, it a n h h u d n g d e n dat canh<br /> dang rat can dugc quan tam. xi mang-cat (dugc tag t h a n h tir tac, m a cdn l a m sach mdi<br /> Theg quy hoach tdng the cat va ximang)..., n h u n g ty le t r u d n g khdi cac loai phe lieu<br /> nganh cdng nghiep vat lieu xay sii dting gach k h d n g n u n g r i t xay d u n g ; ciing thiet bi day<br /> dung den 2010 va dinh h u d n g thap, d e n thdi diem nay, mdi c h u y e n san xuat vdi nang suat<br /> den 2020 da dugc Thti tirdng chi chiem 4%. - 5% san lugng cao, gia thanh h g p ly cho ra san<br /> Chinh p h u phe d u y e t n g a y gach toan qudc. Cac n g u y e n p h a m nhieu, re phii hgp vdi<br /> 01/08/2001, phai phat ti-ien gach n h a n d a n tdi viec sii d u n g gach nen kinh te ctia ta hien nay.<br /> khdng nung thay tlie gach dat k h d n g n u n g it n h u vay d n u d c Thuc te, hien tai, mdt sd day<br /> nung tu 10% - 1 5 % vao n a m 2005 ta, bao g d m ca n g u y e n n h a n c h u y e n san x u i t gach khdng<br /> va 25% - 30% vao n a m 2010, tiln khach q u a n va n g u y e n n h a n n u n g da cd, n h u n g do nhieu<br /> tdi xoa bd hoan toan gach dat chii quan. Dd la: n g u y e n n h a n , nd chua phat<br /> nung thii cdng vao nam 2020. - Thdi quen su dting gach trien dugc rgng. Cu the la:<br /> 2. Tinh hinh su dung gach n u n g de xay tudng nha da cd tir - Day chuyen san xuat gach<br /> khong nung d Viet Nam hien nay n g a n ddi, viec loai bd nd ra khdi bloc bang cat, da, xi mang tuy<br /> Tai My, Tay Au, N h a t Ban, ddi sdng nlian dan la mgt van da cd, song chua dugc phat trien<br /> ty le vat lieu xay d u n g k h d n g de xa hdi rat khd khan. manh; ma nguyen lieu dau vao<br /> <br /> <br /> 24 CONC NCHIEP»K> 1, thing 7/2011 Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn<br />  • [HINIHIll-TBflOBdill<br /> phai ken chgn la dat, cat sach nen cdn han c h i cao tir 15 - 30% p h u hgp vdi cdng nghe Polymer;<br /> trong viec trien khai iing d u n g . Cac ngudn dat san cd dia p h u o n g it cd gia tri ve<br /> - Day chuyen san xuat gach ep tir da va xi ndng nghiep; Phu hgp vdi viec phat triln vimg<br /> m a n g cting vay, vat lieu cd ban, m i u ma san vat lieu xay dung, ban che viec van chuyen.<br /> p h a m lam ra khdng d e p , min; noi xay d u n g nha 3. H i e u q u a k i n h te xa hoi<br /> m a y cd ban vi p h u thugc vao viing n g u y e n lieu. 3.1. Hiiu qua xa hoi<br /> - Day c h u y i n san x u i t gach be tdng nhe b i n g Sti d u n g gach khdng n u n g la mdt xu hudng tit<br /> p h u o n g p h a p siii bgt hgac khi cua Dtic cd uu t h i yeu cua xa hdi khi chiing ta dang thuc hien cdng<br /> la gach nhe, song n g u y e n li^u d i u vao cting phai cudc lam sach mdi trudng sdng, khi ma cac ngudn<br /> ken chgn la cat sach + tro bay + xi m a n g -i- p h u gia. nang lugng tai tag tien trai d i t ngay mdt can kiet.<br /> Ma p h u gia phai p h u thudc n h a p ngoai. Day Lgi ich ve mat xa hdi cua viec sii d u n g gach khdng<br /> chuyen thiet bi ngoai n h a p qua dat nen khd p h u nung rat rd, cu the la:<br /> hgp d l dau tu... - Lam sach mdi trudng d e khdng sii dung cac<br /> Do vay, de gach khdng n u n g dugc su d u n g nhien lieu dot true tiep, n h u ciii, than, triu.<br /> rong rai trgng xa hgi, cdng nghe san x u i t c i n - Khdng lay dat set min lam vat lieu chinh san<br /> dugc bean chinh de khac p h u c dugc n h u n g ban xuat gach, nen khdng lam mat dat canh tac ctia<br /> che ke tren, d a p iing dugc cac tieu chi: Nguyen ndng thdn; khdng lam d nhiem ngudn nudc ngam<br /> Heu dau vag khdng ken chgn, d l kiem; May mdc ciia dia phuong san xuat gach.<br /> thiet bi day chuyen h i san xuat c h i tao dugc treng - Lam sach cac chat thai ran cdng nghiep tir cac<br /> nudc; Xay d u n g nha m a y a khSp mgi dia hinh tir ngudn: Vat lieu xay d u n g thira (dat, cat, gach cii),<br /> hai dao tdi viing niii cao; Phu gia vat tu s i n cd tir cac kheang chat thira treng khai thac md, tir cac<br /> tren thi trudng; San xuat tii thii cdng tdi tu ddng chat thai ran cua cac khu cdng nghiep va cac chat<br /> hda hgan tgan; Chat lugng vien gach tieu ehuan thai ran sinh boat xay d i m g khac.<br /> tdt; Gia thanh ha hon se vdi gach nung. 3.2. Hieu qua kinh ti:<br /> Mdt trgng nhung ca sd cd kha nang dap iing Se sanh dac diem san xuat va co ly cua gach<br /> dugc cac tieu chi tren day la Cdng ty Cd phan Cdng khdng nung vdi gach nung, chiing ta thiy, gach<br /> nghe Thuong mai Hue Quang (Trung tam Ung khdng nung cd nhieu lgi the ve kinh te: Chat<br /> dung khga hgc va chuyen giag cdng nghe mdi thudc lugng tucmg duong va cae hen gach nung truyen<br /> Vien Nghien ciiu h e trg phat trien ndng thdn). Cdng thdng ciing loai; Sir d u n g it dien tieh mat bang<br /> ty da hgp tac vdi Vien Dia ly tai nguyen thanli phd hon, it dien tieh cd mai che ban, chi phi dau tu<br /> Hd Chi Minh, nghien ciiu, sang tao thanh cdng cdng giam; Khdng sii d u n g nhiet nen tiet kiem nang<br /> nghe san xuat vat Heu khdng nung. Trong dd, dat de lugng de san xuat gach; Tan d u n g dugc ngudn d i t<br /> san xuit gach chi chilm 30 - 50% phan nguyen lieu, san cd tai cac dia phuong; Sir dting it nhan cdng,<br /> sir dting da dang cac loai dat tir mien nui, ddng bd may quan ly ggn nhe; Sti d u n g cdng nghe sach<br /> bang, trung du va cac vung hai dao... ddng thdi tan nen khdng gay d nhiem mdi trudng; Gia thanh ha<br /> dung dugc cac ngudn phe thai xay dimg va cdng hon gach nung cung loai.<br /> nghiep gdp p h i n cai thien mdi trudng xanh. Thiet bi san xuat don gian de su dting, cd the<br /> Qua khao sat, d a n h gia, cac loai m a u dat dac bd tri theo yeu cau, theo quy md nlid le, phan tan<br /> trung phii hgp vdi san xuat gach khdng n u n g cho heac quy md td hgp ldn.<br /> khu vuc Bac bd bag gdm: D i t set pha tai H u n g Ha 4. Mot so kien nghi<br /> - Tliai Birth; D i t set ddi tai Mdc Chau - Sen La; D i t Day la cdng nghe san xuat san p h i m than<br /> set ddi tai Luc N g a n - B I C Giang; D i t da ong thien vdi mdi trudng, de nghi Bd Xay dimg bao<br /> (Laterit): Ba Vi - Son Tay; Trang Thach (Felspat cae Chinh phii cho cac nha dau tu cdng nghe nay<br /> Kali): Lap Thach - vinh Phiic; Trang Thach ban dugc h u d n g mdt sd eg che chinh sach uu dai, nhu:<br /> phgng hda - Phu Thg; Cag lanh: Chi Linh - Hai - Dugc vay vdn vdi lai suat uu dai d l d i u tu.<br /> Dugng; D i t Puzglan: Thanh My - Son Tay. - Cd chinh sach uu dai ve gia thue dat va thue<br /> Liy 3 m a u d i t dac trung d i g 3 viing chinh: Dat thu nhap deanh nghiep trong n h u n g giai dean<br /> set pha cab H u n g Ha - Thai Binh (Ddng bing); dau trien khai d u an.<br /> D i t da ong: (Laterit): Ba Vi - Son Tay (Trung du); - Cac CO quan truyen thdng cim phdi hgp vdi<br /> Dat set ddi: Mdc Chau - Son La (Mien niii). Bd Xay dung, tuyen truyen, van ddng cac nha d i u<br /> Cac mien d i t tren cd ciing dac diem chung la tu va ngudi dan tim hieu va sti dting loai san<br /> ham lugng cac lanh (A1203) trong d i t chiem ty 1? phim nay. •<br /> <br /> <br /> Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn Ky 1, Ihang 7/2011 «C6Ne NCHIEP 2 5<br />