Tiêu chuẩn Codex về nước mắm

CHAT Ll/ONG/ATTPARUY NGUYEN NGUON GOC<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> : • JK<br /> <br /> Tieu chuan Codex ve nuTdc mam<br /> BQ TIEU CHUAN CODEX VE NU'OC M A M DO UY BAN CODEX VIET NAM VA THAI LAN DONG<br /> CHU T R I BIEN SOAN TCT THANG 5 / 2 0 0 6 DA D U O C THONG QUA TAI HOI NGHI D A I HOI DONG<br /> CODEX (CAC) LAN THU* 34 ( 7 / 2 0 1 1 ) . DAY LA LAN DAU TIEN VIET NAM CHU TRI XAY DL/NG<br /> MOT TIEU CHUAN DU'OC QUOC TE CONG NHAN. NHAN THAY DAY LA T A I LIEU CAN THIET CHO<br /> CAC DN SAN XUAT, CHE BIEN NU'OC M A M VIET NAM THAM NHAP SAU VAO T H I T R U O N G QUOC<br /> TE, TAP CHI TMTS XIN G I O I THIEU V O I BAN DOC TOAN VAN TIEU CHUAN NAY<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Pham v i ap dung phep mgi dgng sdn pham, mien khdng dye va khdng dugc ed can<br /> Tieu chuan nay dp dyng cho sao ddp ling dugc cdc yeu cau trir cdc tinh the mud'i.<br /> sdn pham nudc mam dupe sdn trong tieu chuan nay; va dugc Miii va vi: nudc mam phdi<br /> xua't bang phuong phdp len men md td day du tren nhan de trdnh cd miii va vi dgc trung a i a sdn<br /> va cd the gdm mdt sd'thanh phan gay nham lan va hieu lam cho pham.<br /> khdc de hd trg cho qua trinh len ngudi tieu dimg. Tgp chat: Sdn pham khdng<br /> men. Sdn pham nay dugc dimg 3. Thanh phan thiet y e u dugc ed cac tgp cha't ngogi lai.<br /> tryc tie'p nhu gia vi, hogc do gia vi va cac y e u to chat l u g n g Dac tinh hoa hoc<br /> hogc thanh phan a i a thyc pham. Nguyen lieu Tdng ham lupng nito: khdng<br /> Tifu chuan nay khdng dp dung Cd: Nudc mam phai dugc nhd hon lOg/1. Cdc eo quan ed<br /> dd'i vdi sdn pham nudc mam sdn sdn xua't tir cd sgch nguyen eon tham quyen eua timg nudc cd<br /> xua't bang axit thuy phan. hoac ede phan cua con cd trong the quy dinh mdt miic nito tdng<br /> 2. M o ta dieu kifn tuoi phii hgp cho tha'p hon neii qud'c gia do mong<br /> - Dinh nghia sdn pham: Nudc ngudi tieu dimg. mudn.<br /> mam la sdn pham dang ldng Mudi: Mudi sir dyng phdi Ham lugng nito axit amin:<br /> trong, khdng dye cd vi man a i a la mudi thyc pham phii hgp vdi khdng nhd hon 40% ham lugng<br /> mudi va miii a i a ed, thu dugc tir Tieu chuan Codex ve Mudi thyc nito tdng.<br /> qud trinh len men hdn hgp ed va pham (Codex Stan 150-1985). Do pH: do pH phdi trong<br /> mudi. Nudc mudi: Nudc mudi la khodng 5.0-6.5 la phd bie'n dd'i<br /> Dinh nghia qud trinh: Sdn dung dich dugc chf bie'n tir mud'i vdi logi sdn pham truyen thdng;<br /> pham dugc ehe' bie'n bang cdch va nudc sgch. nhung khdng dugc tha'p hon 4.5<br /> trdn ed vdi mudi va hdn hgp ed Cdc thanh phan khde: Cdc ne'u sir dyng cdc thanh phan de<br /> mudi dugc dgt trong thimg chiia thanh phan khde sir dyng phdi hd trg qud trinh len men.<br /> cd nap day. Thdng thudng, qud la logi cha't lugng thyc pham - Mud'i: khdng nhd hon 200gA/<br /> trinh len men dien ra it nha't phdi va phii hgp vdi cdc tieu chuan tinh theo NaCl.<br /> 6 thdng trd len, sau dd ed the Codex hifn hanh. Thanh pham<br /> chie't tie'p bang cdch them nudc Cdc chi tieu chdt luang Thanh pham phdi ddp iing<br /> mudi de dhie't phan dam va vi cd Cdc chi tieu cam quan phdi dugc ede yeu cau dgt ra trong<br /> cdn lgi. Cd the bd sung mdt so dugc chap nhgn ve mat hinh thiic tieu chuan nay khi kiem tra Id<br /> thanh phan khde de ho trg qud ben ngoai, miii va vi n h u sau: hang theo Myc 11 tha'y phii hgp<br /> trinh len men. - Hinh thiic ben ngoai: nudc vdi cdc quy dinh d Muc 10. Sdn<br /> Hinh thiie san pham: Cho mam phdi la logi sdn pham trong. pham phdi dugc kiem tra bang<br /> <br /> THJONG MAI THCIY SAN / S 6 144 / THANG 12/2011 7 9<br />  CHAT Ll/ONG/ATTP/TRUY NGUYEN NGUON GOC<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> phuong phdp neu d phan 9. Bao nudi (Codex Stan 193-1995); dd'i vdi cd va sdn pham thuy sdn<br /> gdi thanh pham khdng dugc cd Cd nguyen lifu de sdn xua't va cdc tai lifu Codex tuong iing<br /> nhiing khuyet tat ve dg nguyen nude mdm khdng dugc cd cdc khde vi dy nhu cdc quy phgm<br /> v?n, chang hgn nhu cdc vet nii't, dpc to sinh hgc bien (vi dy nhu thyc hanh vf sinh ...<br /> rd ri, hoac don vi bao gdi bj mat Ciguatoxin, Tetrodotoxin va PSP) Sdn pham phdi tuan thu ede<br /> mgt so mieng. vdi lugng cd the gay nguy eo dd'i tieu ehi ve vi sinh vat quy dinh<br /> 4. Phv gia thuc pham vdi siie khde con ngudi; trong tai lifu CAC/GL 21-1997 -<br /> Chi nhirng phy gia dugc lift San pham nude mdm che Nguyen tac xay dyng va dp dung<br /> ke dudi day dugc ddnh gid ve bie'n tir cd nudi phdi tuan thu cdc cdc tieu chi ve vi sinh vat.<br /> mat cdng nghf va cd the dugc gidi hgn du lugng td'i da dd'i vdi Sdn pham khdng dugc eo<br /> sir dyng cho sdn pham thugc doi thud'c thu y do Codex quy dinh. ham lugng histamin ldn hon<br /> tugng dp dyng ciia tifu chuan 6. Vf sinh va xu ly 40mg/100g nudc mam trong mgi<br /> nay. Trong phgm vi timg nhdm Sdn pham cud'i cung khdng don vi mau dugc phan tich.<br /> phu gia chi nhirng phy gia sau, dugc ed bat a i mgt tgp chat lg 7. Khoi lugng va phep do<br /> hogc dugc de cap de'n dudi day, nao cd the gay hgi dd'i vdi siic 7.1 DQ ddy cua vat chda<br /> mdi dugc sir dyng va chi danh khde con ngudi. 7.1.1 Do ddy tot thieu<br /> cho nhiing chiic nang, trong Khuye'n edo sdn pham thugc (a) Vat chiia phdi ehiia sdn<br /> phgm vi gidi han sau: ddi tugng dieu chinh trong tieu pham nude mam du day, khdng<br /> it hon 90% (trir di phan phia tren<br /> Nhom<br /> So TT theo INS Phu gia MiKC toi da cimg theo quy phgm thuc hanh<br /> chiFC nang<br /> sdn xua't td't) dung tich nudc aia<br /> Chat dieu 334; 335(i), (ii); 336(i), (ii); 337 Tartrates GMP<br /> GMP<br /> vgtehiia. Ehing tieh nudc aia vat<br /> chinh do axit 330, 331(i), (iii);332(i), (ii) Citrates<br /> 296, 350(i), (ii); 351 (i), (ii); 352(ii Malates GMP ehiia la the tich nudc ca't d 20''C<br /> 300 Ascorbic acid GMP dung day trong vat chiia kin dd.<br /> 325 Sodium lactate GMP<br /> (b) Cdc vat ehiia khdc phai<br /> 260 Acetic acid GMP<br /> Chat tang 621 Monosodium Glutamate GMP dugc do day theo thyc teed the.<br /> hu'ang vj 630 losinic acid GMP 7.1.2 Phan loai "loi sdn phdm"<br /> 631 Disodium losine GMP Vgt chiia san pham khdng<br /> 5'monophotphate<br /> Disodium 5'guanylate GMP<br /> thda man cac yeu cau ve do day<br /> 627<br /> Chiit tgo ngpt 950 Acesulfame K 1 .OOOmg/kg tdl thieu trong phan 7.1.1 dugc<br /> 955 Sucralose 450 mg/kg coi la "ldi sdn pham"<br /> 951 Aspartame 350 mg/kg 7.1.2 Chdp nhan Id hdng<br /> Chiit mdu 150c Caramel Ill-Ammonia 50.000 mg/kg<br /> caramel<br /> Mgt Id hang dugc coi la thda<br /> Chit tgo nhQ 466, 468 Carboxymethyl GMP man cdc yeu cau trong phan 7.1.1<br /> vd chit tgo cellulose vd crosslinked khi so lugng "loi" nhu dinh nghia<br /> dndinh carboxymethyl cellulose d phan 7.1.2, khdng vugt qud so<br /> Chit bdo qudn 210-203 Benzoates 1.000 mg/kg<br /> 200-213 Sorbates 1.000 mg/kg<br /> lugng chap nhgn dugc (e) trong<br /> kf hoach lay mau thich hgp vdi<br /> 5. Chat nhiem ban chuah nay phdi dugc che'bien va AQL 6.5. Ngoai ra, khoi lugng<br /> Sdn pham thugc dd'i hrgng xir ly theo cac ngi dung thich hgp tinh trung binh hogc the tich<br /> dieu chinh cua tieu chuan nay trong tai lifu CAC/RCP 1-1969- thyc phdi bang hogc ldn han so<br /> phdi phu hgp vdi cdc miic td'i da Khuye'n cdo qud'c te' quy phgm vdi khd'i lugng thyc hogc the tich<br /> trong Tieu chuan chung Codex thyc hanh cdc nguyen tac chvmg thyc cdng bd' tren nhan.<br /> dd'i vdi cha't nhiem ban va ddc to ve vf sinh thue pham, CAC/RCP 8. Ghi nhan<br /> trong thyc pham va thiic an chan 52-2003 - Quy phgm thyc hanh Ngoai cdc quy dinh phdi dp<br /> <br /> 8 0 THUONG MAI THtlY SAN / S 6 144 / THANG 12/2011<br />  CHAT LL/ONG/ATTP/TRUY NGUYEN NGUON GOC<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> dyng trong tai lifu Tieu chu&i ve lay mdu (CAC/GL 50-2004). ve khoa hpc da dugc xdc nhgn<br /> chung Codex ve Ghi nhan thyc Mgt don vi mau la sdn pham dugc gid tri hgp If.<br /> pham bao gdi san (Codex Stan ddng chai don le hogc mgt lit sdn 10. D i n h nghia "loi san<br /> 1-1985), can tuan thu nhiing yeu pham tir vat chiia the rich ldn. pham"<br /> cau dudi day: Lay mau ddnh gid cdm quan Don vi mau se dugc cho la<br /> Ten sdn phdm va vat ly phdi dugc thyc hifn bdi bi ldi khi nd ed bat cii mdt trong<br /> Ten sdn pham phdi la "nudc ngudi da qua dao tgo ky nang nhirng tinh cha't dudi day<br /> mam" hogc cdc ten khde, theo ddnh gid dd: theo Hudng dan Tgp cha't: Sy ed mat bat eii<br /> lugt phap va phong tyc a i a qud'c ddnh gid cdm quan ed va thuy tgp cha't ndo trong don vi mau,<br /> gia noi sdn pham dugc bdn, va sdn ed vd trong phdng thi nghifm ma tgp chat dd khdng cd ngudn<br /> theo cdch thiic sao cho khdng gay (CAC/GL 31-1999) nhu sau: gd'c tir ed va mud'i, khdng gay<br /> hieu lam cho ngudi tieu diing. Hodn thanh vifc kiem tra hgi de'n siic khde eon ngudi va<br /> Ten eiia sdn pham ed the diing ben ngoai don vi bao gdi xem cd de dang tha'y dugc khdng can<br /> trudc hogc ngay sau ten phd bie'n ldi ve dg nguyen ven hay khdng, bifn phdp khuf'ch dgi hoae ed<br /> hogc ten thdng dyng a i a ed. dae bift la ve't niit hoae rd ri hoac mat trong don vi mau d miic<br /> Ghi nhdn bao bt khong bdn le bao bi bi ma't eae mieng nhd; xde dinh dugc bdi ba't eii mdt<br /> Ngoai ten sdn pham, ma nhgn Kiem tra sdn pham ve do phuang phdp nao ke ed khuech<br /> bie't Id hang, ten va dia ehi nhd trong vd tap chat; dgi, cho tha'y khdng phii hgp vdi<br /> sdn xua't hogc nha ddng gdi, ciing - Ddnh gia miii va vi; quy dinh ve thyc hanh vf sinh va<br /> nhu hudng dan bdo qudn phdi ed Phuong phdp thir de xde dinh san xua't td't.<br /> tren vat ehiia, thi cdc thdng tin ve cdc dac tinh hda hgc: - Hinh thiie ben ngoai: Cd<br /> cdc quy dinh d tren ciing phdi ed Xde dinh nito tdng: AOAC xua't hifn can (trir ede tinh the<br /> tren bao bi hoae phdi cd trong 940.25; NaCl) va/hoacvan dye.<br /> tai lifu kem theo. Tuy nhien, ma - Xde dinh nito axit amin bang Miii: Mau cd mui khd chiu<br /> nhan bie't Id hang, ten va dia chi cdc xac dinh nito formaldehyde rd rft nhu miii tanh, miii di, miii<br /> eiia nha sdn xua't, nha ddng gdi (AOAC 2.066) va trir di nito thiu, miii thdi, miii hang...<br /> cd the dugc thay bang da'u hifu amoniac (AOAC 2.065). - Vi: Mdt don vi mau cd vi khd<br /> nhgn bie't mien sao da'u hifu do Xdc dinh nito tdng: AOAC chiu rd rft nhu vi dang, chua, vi<br /> dugc xac nhan rd trong cdc tai 940.25; tanh cua kim logi, vi ehdt...<br /> lifu di kem. Xde dinh dp pH: AOAC 11. Chap nhan 16 hang<br /> Ghi nhdn hdm luang nita 981.12 (phuang phdp chung cua Mdt Id hang dugc cho la thda<br /> Co quan chiie nang ed tham Codex). Do dp pH trong mau man ede yeu cau eua tieu chuan<br /> quyen ed the yeu cau cdng bd' nudc mam dugc pha loang vdi nay khi:<br /> ham lugng nito td'ng (xem phan nude theo ty If 1:10 sir dung - So lugng tdng don vi mau bi<br /> 3.4) tren nhan sdn pham tinh theo mdy do do pH. Pha loang nude ldi nhu da phan logi theo phan<br /> g/l. Co quan ed tham quyen eiing mam la can thie't vi ndng do ion 10 khdng vugt qua so lugng chap<br /> cd the yeu cau cd cdc ky hifu, tir, cao trong nudc mam chua pha nhan dugc (c) trong ke'hoach la'y<br /> ngii md td ham lugng nito tdng loang; mau thich hgp (AQL-6.5);<br /> nhu mdt ye'u td' cha't lugng cua Xde dinh ham lupng mud'i - Cdc yeu eau ve thanh phan<br /> nudc mam. NaCl: FAO 1981, Technical paper thie't ye'u, cdc ye'u to cha't lugng,<br /> 9. Lay mau, k i e m tra va 219, Xem AOAC 937.13 hoac phy gia thuc pham, cha't nhiem<br /> phan tich 976.18 hoae 976.19; ban, vf sinh va ghi nhan d phan<br /> Lay mau ede Id hang de kiem - Xdc dinh ham lupng 3,4,5,6 va 8 phdi dugc ddp iing. •<br /> tra thanh pham phdi tuan theo tai histamin: AOAC 977.13 hoae cac<br /> lifu hudng dan chung cua Codex phuang phap tuong duong khdc Theo Uy ban Codex Viet Nam<br /> <br /> TRICING MAI THUY SAN / S6 144 / THANG 12/2011 8 1<br />