KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
<br />
TiNH HiNH NHIEM GIUN SAN TREN CA TRA<br />
(PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHAMUS) NUOI TAI TiNH A N GIANG<br />
Nguyen Him Hifiig<br />
Dai hoc Can Thd<br />
TOM TAT<br />
Qua phan tich 284 mlu ca tra de tim cac loai giun san ky sinh tren 2 loai ca giong va ca<br />
thit nuoi tai TP.Long Xuyen va huyen Chau Phii tinh An Giang, cho thay:<br />
Ca tra nuoi tai An Giang nhiem giun san vdi ty le 44,71% trong do ty le nhiem d huyen<br />
Chau Phu (50,25%) cao hdn d TP.Long Xuyen ( 32,18%). Ca thit nhilm giun san (62,50%)<br />
nhieu hdn so vdi ca giong (26,43%).<br />
Cd 3 loai giun san ky sinh d ca tra dUdc phat hien: Silurodiscoides spp, Spectatus spp va<br />
Bothriocephalus gowkongensis . Loai san la ddn chu ngoai ky sinh Silurodiscoides spp. tim<br />
thay chu yeu d mang (92,17%) va it hdn d da (7,83%). Loai giun trdn Spectatus spp. va san<br />
day Bothriocephalus gowkongensis ky sinh d rupt ca vdi ty le rat thap (0,69%).<br />
Td khoa: Ca tra (Pangasianodon hypophthamus), Giun san, Ty le nhiem, An Giang<br />
<br />
Parasite helminth infection in the MeKong catfish (Pangasianodon<br />
hypophthamus) kept in the province of An Giang<br />
Nguyen Huru Hung<br />
SUMMARY<br />
The helminth examination of 284 MeKong catfishes (Pangasianodon hypophthamus)<br />
aiming at detecting worms infecting these animals which were kept in the district of Chau<br />
Phu and the city of Long Xuyen (An Giang province) indicated that:<br />
- The stock fishes were infected at the rate of 44.71%; a higher rate (50.25%) was found<br />
in the Chau Phu district and a lower rate was recorded in the city of Long Xuyen. The meat<br />
fishes were found infected at a rate of 62.5% and the stock fishes were infected at a lewer<br />
rate (26.43%).<br />
- Three parasite species were identified i.e. Silurodiscoides spp, Spectatus spp and<br />
Bothriocephalus gowkongensis. The exo-parasite flat worm Silurodiscoides spp. was found<br />
mainly in the branchia (92.17%) and rarely in the skin (7.83%). The other two parasites<br />
were found mainly in the fish intestine at a very low rate (0.69%).<br />
Key words: MeKong catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthamus), Helminth, Infection rate,<br />
An Giang provice<br />
<br />
I. DAT VAN DE nudi ca tra phat trien manh nhat d cac<br />
tinh An Giang, Ddng Thap va Vinh Long<br />
Ca tra (Pangasianodon hypophthamus)<br />
(http://www.congan.cpm.vn).<br />
dUOc nuoi tap trung tai 10 tinh DBSCL<br />
vdi tdng dien tich la 6.160 ha, san Do hieu qua kinh te trpng chan nudi loai<br />
lUdng hang nam dat hdn 1,1 trieu tan. Nghe ca nay kha cao, dac biet la trong xuat khdu,<br />
<br />
51<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
nen nhUng nam gin day dien tich nudi ca nhien tU cac ao nuoi ca tra tham canh, qua<br />
tra trong khu vUc dupe md rpng nhanh phudng phap dieu tra cat ngang.<br />
chdng. Nudi ca vdi mat dp cao va viec quan • Dieu tra tinh hinh nhiem giun san ky<br />
ly ao nudi chUa dung each dan den ca sinh d ca tra dUdc tien hanh tit 75 ao<br />
thudng xuyen bi benh. Ky sinh trung thuoc 29 hp nudi ca gidng va 46 hp nuoi ca<br />
thudng ddng vai trd la yeu td' md dau chp vi thit.TrUdc khi thu miu chung tdi tien<br />
khuan, virut, nam tan cdng gay benh, do hanh kiem tra mpt so' yeu td' mdi trUdng<br />
lam ca bi mat mau va giam sUc de khang nhu: pH, NO,, NH„ CaCO,... ghi lai dau<br />
dd'i vdi nhflng mim benh ten tai thudng hieu ca benh ma ngudi dan mo ta, dau<br />
xuyen trong mdi trUdng nUdc. hieu ben ngoai ca luc thu mau, each xU ly<br />
Bai bao nay gidi thieu ket qua thuc hien ciia ngUdi nuoi...<br />
de tai: "Tinh hinh nhiem giun san tren ca<br />
tra tai An Giang", gdp phin xac dinh cac - Ap dung phudng phap giai phiu ca,<br />
tac nhan gay benh chinh trong khu vUc phudng phap kiem tra ky sinh trung tren ca<br />
de phdng trU cd hieu qua hdn, gdp phan theo Nguyln Thi Thu Hing, 2007 va Bui<br />
nang cao nang suat, san lUdng trong nghe Quang Te, 2006. Viec dinh danh theo Bui<br />
nudi ca. Quang Te, 2006. Ddng thdi kiem tra cac yeu<br />
II. NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP to' mdi trUdng anh hudng den sU xuat hien<br />
NGHIEN CUU benh qua cac chi tieu NH , NO.,, pH dude<br />
t<br />
<br />
xac dinh bing test kiem tra mdi trudng nUdc<br />
2.1. Noi dung<br />
Zera (DUc).<br />
- Xac dinh tinh hinh nhiem giun san tren De tai dUdc tien hanh tU thang 12/2008<br />
ca tra tai tinh An Giang.<br />
den thang 3/2009 va dUdc thUc hien tai<br />
- Xac dinh ty le nhiem va cudng dp nhiem huyen Chau Phu va thanh phd' Long Xuyen<br />
giun san tren ca theo giai doan.<br />
ciia tinh An Giang.<br />
- Xac dinh thanh phin giun san tren ca .<br />
- Anh hudng cua benh do giun san den III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br />
cac benh truyen nhiem khac. 3.1 Tinh hinh nhiem giun san a ca tra<br />
• Khao sat mpt sd' chi tieu ve mdi trUdng tai TP. Long Xuyen va h. Chau Phu<br />
nUdc anh hudng den ca tra.<br />
3.1.1 Tinh hinh nhiem giun san d ca tra<br />
2.2 PhUOng phap nghien cim theo mat dp nuoi<br />
- Ca tra gid'ng va thit dUdc lay ngiu Ket qua xem d bang 1<br />
<br />
Bang 1. Ty le nhiem giun san d cd tra theo mat dp nuoi<br />
Ty le nhiem giun san theo mat do nuoi<br />
Oja diem Loai ca M$t dp cho phep M$t do khdng cho phep<br />
Soao So ao Ty le nhiSm So ao So ao Ty le nhiem<br />
nhiem '(%) nhiem (%)<br />
TP. Long Xuyen Ca gidng 16 5 31,25 1 -<br />
Ca thit 1 - 1 1 100<br />
H. Ch4u Phu Ca gidng 12 3 25,00 - - -<br />
Ca thit 30 17 56,67 14 12 85,71<br />
Tong Ca giong 28 8 28,57 1 - -<br />
Ca thit 31 17 54,84 15 13 86,67<br />
<br />
52<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
Bang 1 cho thay, d ca gidng co 8/28 ao nudi ca qua cao lam cho ham lUdng chat<br />
ndm trong mat do cho phep nhiem giun san, hflu cd trong nUdc tang, tU dd lam tang<br />
chiem ty le 28,57%, va 1 ao nam trong mat ham lUdng chat dpc trpng mdi trUdng ao<br />
dp khdng cho phep thi khdng nhiem giun nudi, oxy thap va ca de bi tray xudc do<br />
san. Dieu nay dUdc giai thich la do ca gidng dien tich bi thu hep... lam giam sUc de<br />
ludn dupe nuoi trong mat dp cho phep de cd khang ctia ca; hdn nUa mat dp cap lam<br />
dupe ngudn gidng tot nen sd' ao nhiem giun tang kha nang tiep xuc vdi mam benh ctia<br />
san hdu nhu nam trong mat dp cho phep. Cd ca , do dd ca de bi nhiem giun san hdn.<br />
1 ao ndm trong mat dp khdng cho phep Dieu nay dung vdi nhan dinh ciia<br />
khdng nhiem giun san, qua tim hieu ao nay Brown. EE va Gractzeck, 1980 cho<br />
dupe ngudi nudi cham sdc ca gidng kha tot. ring mat dp day se lam tang kha nang<br />
0 ca thit cd 17/31 ao nam trong mat dp cho tiep xuc gifla ca va ky sinh trung va<br />
phep nhiem giun san, chiem ty le 54.84% va ddng thdi cung dam bao rang ky sinh<br />
13/15 ao nam trong mat dp khdng cho phep trung se phat trien nhanh chdng trong<br />
nhiem giun san, chiem ty le 86,67%. Do dd, ty mot nhdm ca.<br />
le nhiem giun san d nhUng ao cd mat dp 3.1.2 Tinh hinh nhiem giun san theo<br />
khdng cho phep cao hdn mat dp cho phep, ao ho if cd tra<br />
Bang 2. Ty le nhiem giun san giua Ket2qua<br />
loaixem<br />
cd theo ao2.nuoi<br />
d bang<br />
dieu nay dUdc giai thich la do mat dp<br />
Dia diem Loai ca So ao khao sat Sd ao nhiem Ty If (%)<br />
TP. Long Xuyen Ca gidng 17 5 29,41"<br />
Ca thit 2 1 50.00"<br />
H. Chau Phu Ca gidng 12 3 25,00*<br />
Ca thit 44 29 65,91"<br />
Tong Ca giong 29 8 25,59'<br />
Ca thjt 46 30 65,22"<br />
Chu thich: a.b chi/ khde nhau sai khde cd y nghia thong kc<br />
Bang 2 cho thay: ca thit nhiem giun tho'ng ke.<br />
san chiem 65,22%, cao hdn ca gidng 3.1.3 Tinh hinh nhiem giun san d ca<br />
(25,59%). Qua phan tich thdng ke cho tra theo giai doan cudi<br />
thay cd sU sai khac ve ty le nhiem Ket qua xem d bang 3.<br />
giUa ao ca gidng va ca thit la cd y nghia<br />
Bang 3. Ty le nhiem giun san d cd tra theo giai doan nuoi<br />
Dja diem Loai ca Sd mau kiem tra Son mau nhilm Ty le nhiem (%)<br />
Ca gidng 83 27 32,53<br />
TP. Long Xuyen Ca thjt 4 1 25,00<br />
Chung 87 28 32,18 a<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Ca giong 57 10 17,54<br />
H. Chau Phu Ca thit 140 89 63,57<br />
Chung 197 99 50,25"<br />
Ca gidng 140 37 26,43 1<br />
<br />
<br />
Tong Ca thjt 144 90 62,50 '<br />
Chung 284 127 44,72<br />
Chu thich: a,b chii khde nhau sai khde co y nghia thdng ke;<br />
<br />
<br />
53<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
Qua tho'ng ke cho thay sit khac biet ve 3.2.Tinh hinh nhiem san la ngoai ky<br />
ty le nhiem giun san giiia ca giong va ca sinh Silurodiscoides d ca tra<br />
thit la rat co y nghia tho'ng ke (p = 0,000). 3.2.1 Tinh hinh nhiem Silurodiscoides<br />
Qua bang 3 cho thay, ca thit nhiem theo giai doan nudi<br />
giun san chiem 62,50% cao hdn ca<br />
gidng (26,43%) Ket qua xem d bang 4<br />
Bang 4. Ty le nhiem san Id Silurodiscoides theo giai doan nuoi<br />
Ca giong Ca thit<br />
Dja diem SMKT SMN Tyle<br />
SMKT SMN Ty le SMKT SMN Ty le<br />
(mau) (mau) (%)<br />
TP.Long (mau) (mau) (%) (mau) (mau) (%)<br />
87 27 31,03 83 27 32,53 4 0 0<br />
H.XuC<br />
yehnau<br />
197 88 44,67 57 10 17,54 140 78 55,71<br />
Phu<br />
Tong 284 115 40,49 140 37 26,43 • 144 78 54,17"<br />
Chu thich: a.b chu khde nhau sai khac co y nghia thdng ke;<br />
SMKT: so mau kiem tra; SMN: so mau nhiem.<br />
Qua tho'ng ke cho thay sit khac biet ve ty ao Udng ca gidng, tuy mat do UOng cao<br />
le nhiem san la giiia ca giong va ca thit rat nhUng ham lupng hUu cd trong ao thap,<br />
co y nghia tho'ng ke (p = 0,000). Qua bang 3 lUdng nUdc thay ddi thudng xuyen hdn, do<br />
cho thay, ty le nhiem san la d cac giai doan do chat lUdng nUdc it thay dd'i hdn va lUdng<br />
nuoi la khac nhau. Ty le nhiem san la d ca thUc an trong ao Udng dUdc kiem soat chat<br />
giong thap hdn nhieu so vdi ca thit. Trong che hdn. Ket qua tren cung tUdng tu cho<br />
140 miu ca giong kiem tra cd 37 mdu huyen Chau Phu: ty le nhilm san la d ca<br />
nhilm, chiem 26,43%, cdn ca thit thi ty le gidng thap hdn nhieu so vdi ca thit. d Long<br />
nhilm cao hdn, chiem ty le 54,17%. Sii Xuyen sd' mau kiem tra tren ca thit it nen<br />
chenh lech ty le nhiem tren cd the ducic giai khdng cd y nghia.<br />
thich do san la thudng phat trien d mdi 322 Tinh hinh nhiemsdn Id Silurodiscoides<br />
trUdng ton dong nhieu hdp chat hflu cd do theo vi tri ky sinh d cd tra<br />
lupng thUc an thUa, khdi ludng chat thai tU Ket qua xem d bang 5.<br />
ca nhieu nen san la phat then manh. Cdn b<br />
Bang 5. Ty le nhiem san Id Silurodiscoides theo vi tri ky sinh a cd tra<br />
Cudng do nhiem<br />
Tile<br />
Giai Vj tri SMN nhiem + ++ + ++<br />
doan ky sinh (meu) (%) SMN Tile SMN Tile SMN Tile<br />
(mau) (%) (mau) (%) (miu) (%)<br />
Ca gidng Da 7 18,92 a<br />
5 71,43 2 28,57 - .<br />
Mang 30 81,08" 22 73,34 7 23,33 1 3,33<br />
Ca thjt Da 2 2,56<br />
a<br />
2 100 - - - -<br />
Mang 76 97,44" 60 78,95 12 15,79 4 5,26<br />
Tong Da 9 7,83" 7 77,78 2 22,22 - .<br />
Mang 106 92,17" 82 77,36 19 17,92 5 4,72<br />
Chu thich: a,h chu khde nhau sai khde co y nghia thong h<br />
1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
+: nhiem nhe; ++. nhiem trung binh; +++: nhiem nang<br />
<br />
54<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
Qua bang 5 cho thay, san la ky sinh d da mang td't hdn rat nhieu so vdi tren da. Do<br />
la 7,83% thap hdn b mang ( 92,17%). Ve do ty le cam nhilm ky sinh trung tren<br />
cudng do nhiem d mang mdc +++ chiem mang cao hdn tren da. Tuy nhien day la<br />
4,72%, mile ++ la 17,92%, mile + la 77,36%; loai ky sinh trung kha nguy hiem ddi vdi<br />
trong khi dd cudng do nhilm d da mile ++ la nhieu loai, gay hau qua nghiem trong,<br />
22,22%, mile + la 77,78%. TUdng td cho ca nhat 3 giai doan ca gidng va ca hudng. Khi<br />
gidng va ca thit. san bam vao da va mang gay cac vet ton<br />
Ty le nhilm san la tren mang nhieu thudng, dac biet khi ky sinh tren mang<br />
hdn tren da do b mang cd nhieu tia mang lam pha huy td chUc mang lam ca ngat<br />
nhd, day la nhiing gia the de san la sinh thd. Chung sinh san rat nhanh, trUng cd<br />
trUdng va phat trien, tU do anh hudng the ton tai vai ngay trong nUdc nen kha<br />
nhieu den sUc khde ciia ca. Cdn tren da it nang lay lan benh rat cao.<br />
hdn la do da ca Idp nhdt va ca bdi Idi 3.3 Tinh hinh nhiem cac loai npi ky sinh<br />
thudng xuyen lam anh hudng nhieu den trung o ca tra thjt<br />
kha nang bam dinh cua san. Hdn nQa dieu Ket qua xem a bang 6.<br />
kien de san sinh trUdng va phat trien tren<br />
Bang 6. Ty le nhiem cac loai noi ky sinh triing d cd tra thit<br />
Cudng do nhiem Dia diem<br />
Loai SMKT SMN Ti le TP. Long XuySn H. ChSu Phu<br />
(mau) (mau) (%) X^ mX , SMN TLN SMN TLN<br />
(con) (con) (mau) (%) (mlu) (%)<br />
Spectatus s. p 144 1 0,69 3 - - - 1 0,71<br />
Cucullanelus 144 10 6,94 2 21 - - 10 7,14<br />
minutus<br />
Bothriocephalus144 1 0,69 1 1 25,00 -<br />
gowkongensis<br />
SMKT: sdmdu kiem tra; SMN: so mau nhiem;<br />
X min: cUang do thap nhat; X max: cUctng do cao nhat<br />
Ve ty le nhilm npi ky sinh trung (chu tac cai tao ac trudc khi tha ca xud'ng ap<br />
yeu b ca thit) chi thay 1/144 mau nhiem bang vdi, hay vdi cpng vdi mudi de tang<br />
giun trdn Spectatus sp. ky sinh d rupt, tac dung phdng trU dich hai va tieu diet<br />
chiem ty le 0,69%, day la Ipai giun thudng mam benh. Them vao dd thUc an stl dung<br />
ky sinh b rupt ca, rieng giun trdn trong chan nudi ca ngay nay chu yeu la<br />
Cucullanelus minutus tim thay b tui mat thUc an cdng nghiep nen han che dUdc kha<br />
10/144 mlu. ty le nhiem la 6,94%. Loai nang nhilm giun trdn tU thUc an.<br />
Bothriocephalus gowkongensis cung chi cd Da so' ca d cac dia diem khao sat nhiem<br />
1/144 mau, chiem 0,69%. So vdi ket qua giun trdn nhieu cd the la do ngudn nUdc cap<br />
cua Bui Quang Te (2001) thi giun vao ao bi nhiem mpt so' Ipai vat la ky chu<br />
Cucullanelus ky sinh trong dng dan mat trung gian truyen benh giun trdn nhu giap<br />
vdi cudng dp nhiem 8 cen /mat, ty le nhiem la xac chan cheo, do ngudi nudi khdng co ao<br />
35,7%, thi ket qua phan tich b bang tren la lang de xu ly ngudn nUdc trUdc khi dUa vao<br />
khdng cao, cd the nguyen nhan do each ao nudi, hoac. do trong qua trinh chan nudi<br />
chSn nudi ca ngay nay khac thdi gian chim cdng epe dap xuo'ng ao an ca va thai<br />
trudc, ngUdi nudi rat chu trpng den cdng phan cd au san.<br />
<br />
55<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
3.4 Tinh hinh nhiem ghep giufa cac loai giun san 6* ca tra<br />
Ket qua xem bang 7<br />
Bang 7. Ty le nhiim ghep gida cdc loai giun san a cd tra<br />
Dja diem<br />
SMN TLN (%) TP. Long Xuyen H. Chau Phu<br />
Thanh phan loai<br />
(mau) SMN TLN SMN TLN<br />
(mau) (%) (mau) (%)<br />
Silurodiscoides 1 0,69 - - 1 0,71<br />
+ Spectatus sp.<br />
Silurodiscoides 6 4,17 - 6 4,29<br />
^Cucullanelus minutus<br />
Silurodiscoides 1 0,69 1 25,00 - -<br />
+Bothriocephalus gowkongensis<br />
SMN: sdmdu nhiim; TLN: ty le nhiem<br />
Qua bang 7 cho thay, san la 3.5 Phan tich va danh gia mot so chi<br />
Silurodiscoides ghep vdi giun tron Spectatus tieu ve moi triicmg nuoi ca tra<br />
chiem ty le thap 0,69%, ghep vdi 3.5 1 So sanh cdc chi so hda hpc moi<br />
Cucullanelus minutus chiem ty le 4,17%, trudng nude d cdc ao nudi<br />
ghep vdi Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Ket qua xem d bang 8.<br />
chiem 0,69%.<br />
Bang 8. Ty le cdc chi sd hoa hpc moi trudng nude d cdc ao nuoi<br />
Phan loai chat lupng nude ao nuoi<br />
Dia diem Chi tieu<br />
7d/ Trung binh Xau<br />
hoa hpc<br />
Sd ao Ty 1$ (%) So ao Ty le (%) So ao Ty le (%)<br />
pH 15 78,95 4 21,05<br />
TP.Long CaCOj (mg/l) 17 89,47 2 10.53 -<br />
Xuyen NH(mg/l)<br />
3 14 73.68 2 10.53 3 15.79<br />
N0 (mg/l)<br />
2 14 74,69 4 20,05 1 5.26<br />
pH 41 73,22 15 26.78<br />
H.Chau Phii CaC0 (mg/l)<br />
3 49 87,5 7 12.50 -<br />
NH (mg/l)<br />
3 38 67.86 7 12,50 11 19.64<br />
N0 (mg/l)<br />
2 45 80,36 6 10.71 5 8,93<br />
Qua bang 8 cho thay. dp pH va dp kiem trung binh chiem 10,53%, mUc dp xau la<br />
CaC0 d cac ao nuoi ctia Long Xuyen va<br />
3 15,79% va tUdng tu d Chau Phu ldn luat la<br />
Chau Phu deu d mUc td't va trung binh. 67,68%, 12,50%. 19,64%. Dieu nay cd the<br />
Dieu nay cd the giai thich la do ngu'di dan d dupe giai thich la do lUdng thUc an du thUa<br />
cac dia diem khao sat rat chu y den cdng tac va chat thai cua ca ton dpng lau ngay hinh<br />
quan ly chat lUdng node, thddng xuyen bdn thanh Idp mUn ba hflu cd d day ao tao dieu<br />
vdi va mudi de on dinh pH va sat khuan kien yem khi cho vi khuan sdng trong bun<br />
ngudn nUdc ao nudi nen dp pH va dp kiem phan huy cac chat hflu cd va sinh ra khi<br />
da sd' deu td't. Chi sd' NH dao dpng tU xau<br />
:i NH . Mat khac, khi NH, trong dieu kien<br />
3<br />
<br />
den td't. cu the la d Long Xuyen cd so' ao vdi thich hdp se tiep tuc bi phan huy cho ra khi<br />
NH d mUc do td't chiem 73.68%, mUc do<br />
3 NO, nen d ca hai dia diem khao sat deu cd<br />
56<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
mUc do N0 xau: 6 Long Xuyen chiem 3.5.2 So sanh cdc chi so hoa hoc moi<br />
2<br />
<br />
5,26%, d Chau Phii la 8,93% do lUdng mun trudng nUdc theo giai doan nudi<br />
ba hflu cd trong ao cao nen nguon nddc co Ket qua xem bang 9.<br />
ham lUdng cua 2 khi nay cao.<br />
Bang 9. Ty le cdc chi so hda hoc moi trudng nUdc theo giai doan nudi d cd tra<br />
Chi tieu Phan loai chat ludng nude ao nuoi<br />
Loai ca Tot Trung binh Xau<br />
hoa hoc<br />
So ao Ty le (%) So ao Ty le (%) So ao Ty le (%)<br />
PH 24 82,76 5 17,24<br />
Ca giong CaC0 (mg/l) 3 26 89,66 3 10,34<br />
NH (mg/l) 3 20 68 97 4 13,79 5 17,24<br />
NOj(mg/l) 23 79,31 5 17,24 1 3,45<br />
PH 32 69,57 14 30,43<br />
Ca thit CaC0 (mg/l) 3 40 86,96 6 13,04 - -<br />
NH (mg/l) 3 32 69,56 5 10,87 9 19,57<br />
NO, (mg/l) 36 78,26 5 10,87 5 10,87<br />
<br />
Qua bang 9 cho thay, d ca giong va ca vat , nhung nd tac ddng den can bang gia tri<br />
thit cac chi so' hda hoc ciia mdi trddng nudi pH. Trong ao nudi cd dp kiem thap, he dem<br />
ca xep loai nhu nhau: deu co chi so pH dao yeu, pH se dao dpng ldn trpng ngay, de gay<br />
dpng tir trung binh den td't, chi sd' CaC0 sdc cho ca. Khi dp kiem cao thi gia tri pH on<br />
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dap dpng til trung binh den td't, chi so' NH dinh hdn, nhung cac ipn tu do trong nUdc<br />
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dao dpng til td't den xau, chi sd' NO, dao cao se ket hdp vdi niem dich va da tao thanh<br />
dpng tir tot den xau. 0 ca gidng, sd'ao cd pH cac hdp chat chd'ng ddng phu len be mat cua<br />
d mUc dp tot (7 • 8) chiem ty le 82,76% cdn cung mang, can trd chUc nang hd hap ciia<br />
mUc dp trung binh (6,5 - 7 va 8 - 9) chiem mang lam ca chet ngat. Theo Michaels<br />
17,24%, khong co mUc dp xau va tUdng tu d (1988) cho rdng ammonia dUdc hinh thanh<br />
ca thit la 69,57% va 30,43%, khong cd mUc thong qua lupng phan do ca thai ra, ngudn<br />
dp xau, tU dd ta thay gia tri pH cd sU bien phan hUu cd cung nhu qua trinh phan huy<br />
ddng it. tU 6,5 • 9,0. cua hdp chat co ngudn gdc nitd. Theo tac gia,<br />
Ket qua nay phu hdp vdi Swingle (1961) neu trong ao tha vdi mat dp qua day thi<br />
khi nghien cUu anh hudng ciia pH tren mpt ndng dp ammonia se tang len nhanh chdng<br />
so' loai ca nUdc ngpt cho rang pH trong vUdt qua ndng dp chp phep. Qua ket qua 3<br />
khoang 6.5 • 9.0 hoan toan phU hdp cho viec bang 9. ca thit cd sd'ao vdi NH d mUc dp td't<br />
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nudi ca. Nhu vay, gia tri pH d cac ao kiem chiem ty le 69,56%, con mUc dp trung binh<br />
tra deu nam trong khoang thich hdp cho cac chiem 10,87%, mUc dp xau la 19,57%, cao<br />
loai ca nUdc ngpt phat trien binh thudng. hdn 3 ca gidng cd ty le tUdng Ung la<br />
khdng gay anh hudng den sU sinh trUdng 86,97%, 17,24% ,do ao ca thit cd Idp mun ba<br />
cua chung. Vdi chi so' dp kiem d ca gidng, so hflu cd ao ca gidng. Khi ndng dp ammoniac<br />
ao cd CaC0 d mUc dp td't chiem ty le 89,66%cap se lam cho ca bi ngd dpc, anh hudng den<br />
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, mUc dp trung binh chiem 10,34%, khdng cd sUc khde cua ca, tao dieu kien cho cac mam<br />
mUc dp xau va tUdng tu d ca thit la 86,96% benh xam nhap va phat trien. Mat khac, khi<br />
va 13,04%. DP khdng cd mUc dp xau nen NH treng dieu kien thich hdp se tiep tuc bj<br />
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ngUdng CaC0 deu ndm trong khoang thich phan huy cho ra khi NO, nen d ca ca thit va<br />
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hdp cho cac hoat ddng sdng cua ca (50 - 200 ca gidng deu cd mflc dp NO, xau: d ca thit<br />
mg/l CaC0 ). Dp kiem khdng phai la yeu to' chiem 10,87%, d ca gidng la 3.45% do ludng<br />
3<br />
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gay 6 nhiem vi no khdng cd hai cho vi sinh mUn ba hflu cd trong ao cao nen ngudn nUdc 57<br />
cd ham lUdng cua 2 khi nay cao.<br />
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 6 - 2010<br />
<br />
3.6. Tinh hinh nhiem ghep san la Silurodiscoides va cac benh truyen nhilm of ca tra<br />
Ket qua xem bang 10.<br />
Bang 10. Ty le nhiem ghep san Id Silurodiscoides vd benh truyen nhiem<br />
Benh truyen nhiem So ao kiem tra So ao nhilm So ao nhiem ghep Ty le (%)<br />
san la<br />
Ddm do 15 10 66,67<br />
Gan than mu 13 7 53,85<br />
Gan trang, mang triing 75 5 3 60,00<br />
Trang da 3 2 66,67<br />
Vang da 6 5 83.33<br />
Tong 42 27 64,28<br />
Qua bang 10 cho thay trong 75 ao kiem huyen Chau Phu (50,25%) cao hdn TP.Long<br />
tra thi co 42 ao nhiem benh truyen nhiem, Xuyen (32,18%). Loai ca thit (62,50%)<br />
trong do sd' ao xuat hien benh truyen nhiem nhiem giun san nhieu hdn so vdi ca gidng<br />
ghep san la cao la 27, chiem 64,28%. Khi ca (26,43%).<br />
bi nhilm san la, san la bam tren da va - Da phat hien dUdc 3 loai giun san ky<br />
mang lam cho ca ngUa va khi benh nang nd sinh tren ca tra: loai san la ddn chii ngoai<br />
bam day mang pha huy cac td mang, lam ky sinh Silurodiscoides ky sinh chu yeu d<br />
can trd qua trinh hd hap ciia ca lam cho ca mang (92,17%) va it hdn d da (7,83%); mpt<br />
bi suy yeu, tao dieu kien cho vi khuan xam loai giun trdn Spectatus spp. (0,69%) va mot<br />
nhap va gay benh cho ca. Qua thUc te ta loai san day Bothriocephalus gowkongensis<br />
thay cac ao xuat hien benh truyen nhiem ky sinh d rupt ca (0,69%).<br />
deu co cUdng do nhiem ky sinh trung cao, nd - Mdi trUdng ao nudi ca tai 2 diem khao<br />
trd thanh nhan to' md dUdng cho vi khuan, sat da sd' deu ndm trong mUc dp gidi han td't.<br />
virut xam nhap gay benh cho ca. Theo Cd sU nhiem ghep giQa benh do san la ky<br />
Moller va Anders (1986) cho ring hau het sinh d ca tra vdi benh truyen nhilm chiem<br />
cac benh tren ca phu thudc vao mile dd ty le 64,28%.<br />
nhiem do sU hien dien ciia ky sinh trung TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br />
cung nhii kha nang chiu diing ciia ca dd'i vdi 1. Brown and Gratzek, 1980. Fish farming<br />
ky sinh trung. Ca 2 dieu kien tren bi chi handbook. Food, bait tropical and goldfish.<br />
phd'i bdi yeu to' mdi trUdng. Khi dieu kien 2. Michaels.V. K. 1988. Allowable ammonia for fish<br />
moi tritdng bat Idi, khdng nhiing lam cho ca culture. Prog. Fishcult, ppl33 - 145.<br />
de man cam, giam kha nang de khang dd'i 3. Moller and Anders. 1986. Diseases and parasites<br />
vdi mam benh ma cdn tao dieu kien cho ky of marinefish.Kiel: Moller.<br />
sinh trung sinh san vd tinh dat den mUc do 4. Bui Quang Te, 2001. Ky sinh trung ciia mpt so<br />
gay benh, ket qua la benh xay ra. NgUpc lai, loai ca nude ngot a Dong hang song Ciiu Long va<br />
neu dieu kien mdi trUdng thuan Ipi thi ca se giai phap phong tri chung. LuAn van tien si sinh<br />
khde manh, cd sUc de khang td't ddng thdi hoc. Vien nghien cuu nuoi trong thuy san I.<br />
cung han che kha nang sinh san ctia ky sinh 5. Biii Quang To, 2002. Phuong phiip nghien cuu ky<br />
trung nen benh se khdng xay ra. sinh triing ca. Vien nghien niu nuoi trong thuy sin I.<br />
TV. KET LUAN 6. Biii Quang To. 2006. Benh hoc thuy sail, phan 1,<br />
Qua phan tich 284 mdu ca tra de tim cac Tong quan ve benh hoc thuy san. Vien Nghien<br />
loai giun san ky sinh tren ca gidng va ca ciiu nuoi trong thuy san I.<br />
thit nudi tai TP.Long Xuyen va huyen Chau 7. Nguyen Thi Thu Hflng. 2007. Tiii lieu huong dan<br />
Phu tinh An Giang, ket qua cho thay: thuc tap giao trinh chuyen mon benh hoc thuy<br />
58 - Ca tra nudi tai An Giang nhilm giun san. Khoa thuy san, truong dai hoc Can Tho.<br />
san vdi ty le 44,71%, trong dd ty le nhilm d 8. http://www.congan.com.vn<br />