Vua Lý Anh Tông, chiến lược biển và hành dinh trại Yên Hưng

-?<br /> VUA LY ANH TONG, CHIEN LU'OC BIEN<br /> VA HANH DINH TRAI YEN mTNG<br /> <br /> NGUYEN QUANG NGOC*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> An. Sii hien dien cua cac nen van hoa khao<br /> V iet Nam la dau cau noi lien giiSa<br /> Dong Nam A luc dia va Dong Nam<br /> A hai dao, la giao diem cua cac nen van<br /> CO d day vdi so^ liidng, quy mo cac di tich<br /> nhii vay chdng to so' liidng ngifdi di cii ra<br /> hoa, van minh 16n cua the gi6i. Viet Nam cac -vCing bien dao khong nho va ngay tii do<br /> nam tren diicing h&ng hai quo'c te tii Tay ho da thuoc nhieu nhom ngiidi, nhieu ldp<br /> sang Dong, tii Nam len Bac nen giii mot -vi ng^iidi khac nhau.<br /> the dia - chinh tri, dia - kinh te va dia - van Khong phai ngau nhien, tran danh lich<br /> hoa het siic dac biet. sd ket thiic 1000 nam Bac thuoc, md ra thdi<br /> Ket qua khai quat va nghien cdu khao ky doc lap lau dai cho dan toe Viet Nam lai<br /> CO hoc S Viet Nam mot the ky qua da xac dien ra cl -viing ciia song Bach Dang vao<br /> dinh dUdc kha ro rang nhiing ldp cU dan co nhiing ngay cuo'i nam 938. Tran thang nay<br /> td trong cac viing noi dia lien tuc tien ra md ra truyen tho'ng Bach Dang, truyen<br /> khai pha, sinh cd lap nghiep va lam chu cac tho'ng thuy chie'n, nghe thuat tieu diet that<br /> vung dao, quan dao ngoai Bien Dong. nhanh chong va triet de cac doan quan xam<br /> liidc hung manh d dia dau song bien cua To<br /> Bat dau td khoang Hau ky Da cu va<br /> nha't la tii Sd ky Da mdi (khoang td 25.000 quo'c chi trong vong mot con niidc trieu.<br /> nam den 18.000 nam each ngay nay) da co Ciing td sau chien cong ky dieu nay, cac<br /> nhiing bo phan cii dan td luc dia tie'n ra nha niidc doc lap Viet Nam td Ngo, Dinh,<br /> chiem linh cac dao, quan dao ci khu viic Tien Le cho de'n Ly, Tran, Le, Mac, Le-<br /> Dong Bac. Ho dinh cit tai day khai pha da't Trinh, Tay Sdn va Nguyen luon luon y thdc<br /> dai, diing nha, lap lang va de lai cac di tich, mot each day du tam quan trpng ciia bien,<br /> di vat thuoc thdi dai Da cii d Con Co, hai dao va hau nhii trieu dai nao cung deu<br /> Quang Binh, thuoc thdi dai Da mdi (cac CO chien liidc do'i vdi cac -vung bien dao. Tiec<br /> v a n hoa Hoa Binh, Soi Nhu, Da But, Ha rang sd sach ddi xiia ghi chep qua co dong<br /> Long, Bau Tro) tren dai dao, quan dao chay nen du co co' gang den may, chung ta ciing<br /> dai td Mong Cai cho den Bac Trung Bo va khong the nhan ra dUdc mot each chinh xac<br /> van hoa Sd ky Kim khi (Van hoa Hoa Loc) nhiing hoat dong ciia cac chinh quyen doc<br /> thuoc khu viic bd bien Thanh Hoa, Nghe lap dau tien tren linh viic nay. Mai de'n<br /> <br /> <br /> GS-TS. Vien Viet Nam hoc va Khoa hoc phat trien - DHQG HN<br />  Rghien cihi Lieh sir, so 1.2011<br /> <br /> thdi Ly, dac biet vao thdi vua Ly Anh Tong dinh Ly Anh Tong do'i vdi cac -vung bien<br /> m6i tha'y sii cii chep ve cac hoat dong ciia dao, tii viec xay diing cac cd sd quan ly, to<br /> nha vua va trieu dinh d cac -vung bien dao chiic cac doi tau thuyen cho de'n viec tien<br /> hay CO lien quan de'n cac vung bien dao. hanh kiem tra, kiem soat, xac dinh ranh<br /> Trong bai vie't nay, chu ye'u diia vao gidi tren bien, bao ve dan chiing va md rong<br /> nguon tai lieu thii tich co, chiing toi biidc cac quan he giao thiidng buon ban vdi tau<br /> dau xac dinh thdi ky -vua Ly Anh Tong thuyen ngoai quo'c...<br /> (1138-1175) la thdi diem md d i u cua cac - Thang 10, nam 1147 Ly Anh Tong cho<br /> nha niiSc Viet Nam xay diing va thiic thi "diing hdnh dinh d trai Yen Hiin^' (2).<br /> cac chie'n liidc cua Viidng trieu minh do'i vdi - Thang 2, nam 1149 nhan viec thuyen<br /> viing bien dao thieng heng va mau thit cua buon 3 nifdc Trao Oa (Java, Indonesia), Lo<br /> To quo'c. Lac va Xiem La (deu thuoc Thai Lan ngay<br /> 1. Vua Ly Anh Tong va chie'n liitfc nay) vao Hai Dong xin cii trii buon ban,<br /> do'i v6i cac vung bien dao •vua Ly Anh Tong "ben cho lap trang d ncfi<br /> Ly Anh Tong la -vi -vua thii 6 cua -viidng hdi ddo, ggi la Vdn Don de mua bdn hdng<br /> tneu Ly, sau Ly Thai To (1009-1028), Ly hoa quy, ddng tie'n sdn vat dia phiicfng" (3).<br /> Thai Tong (1028-1054), Ly Thanh Tong - Thang 11, nam 1161 Ly Anh Tong "sai<br /> (1054-1072), Ly Nhan Tong (1072-1127) va To Hien Thdnh ldm Do tiidng, Do An Di<br /> Ly Than Tong (1127-1138). Ong sinh thang ldm phd, dem 2 van qudn di tudn cdc ncfi<br /> 4 nam Binh Thin (1136), len ngoi Hoang de' ven bien Tdy Nam, de giQ yen mien bien<br /> thang 10 nam Mau Ngo (1138), khi m6i gi&i. Vua thdn di tien den cita bien Thdn<br /> chxia. tron 3 tudi, ci ngoi 37 nam, mat thang Ddu d Dgi An (nay la ciia bien Thdn Phii)<br /> 7 nam At Ty (1175), tho 40 tudi. mdi trd vi' (4).<br /> Danh gia ve sii nghiep cua Ly Anh Tong - Thang 2, nam 1171 "Vua di tudn cdc<br /> cho de'n nay trong gi6i sii hoc ciing cdn co hdi ddo, xem khdp hinh the nui song, muon<br /> nhiing y Iden khac nhau ve tufng linh viic biet ddn dinh dau kho vd diidng di xa gdn<br /> cu the, nhiing tren tong the deu tho'ng nha't the ndo" (5).<br /> khang dinh thdi ky Ly Anh Tong tri vi v&n - Thang 2, nam 1172 "Vua di tudn cdc<br /> nam trong gia: doan phat trien va thinh hdi ddo d dia gich. cdc phien bang Nam Bdc,<br /> dat cua viidng trieu Ly. Trong thdi ky tri vi ve bdn do ghi chep phong vat roi ve" (6).<br /> cua Ly Anh Tong, toan ven lanh thd va<br /> - Thdi Ly Anh Tdng, nha vua lien tuc<br /> lanh hai cua da't nii6c diidc giii viing, vi the cho dong thuyen ldn tham gia vao viec<br /> cua quo'c gia Dai Viet, cua viidng trieu Ly kiem tra, kiem soat, khai thac va bao ve<br /> diidc de cao, diing nhii sii gia Ngo Thi Si cac viing song nifdc, bien dao nhif dong 2<br /> the ky XVIII ca ngdi: "Nghi thiic khdc thuyen Vinh Long, Thanh Lan va 2 thuyen<br /> thudng, dien le long trong, hdng may ngdn ldn TrUdng Quye't, Phung Tien (1147); dong<br /> nam ve triidc chiia titng co. Cong gay diing 2 thuyen Vinh Dieu, Thanh Lan (1151);<br /> niidc thiic hat ddu tii vua Anh Tong cd the dong thuyen Vinh Chifdng (1154); ddng<br /> noi la toi ddy" (1). thuyen to ban cua ngii trii, thuyen to ban<br /> Cac tli lieu va sii kien lich sii d\idi day cua cung noi (1156); dong thuyen Nhat<br /> chinh la nhiing minh chiing cho mot chie'n Long (1167) va ddng thuyen Ngoan Thiiy<br /> liidc tiidng do'i day dii va he tho'ng cua trieu (1173) (7)...<br /> Vua Ly ?Tnh Tong.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chac chan -vi nhiing thanh cong cua cac cat ban cho An Sinh Vifdng Tran Liiu (cha<br /> chinh sach nay ma trieu dinh nha Td'ng da de cua Tran Hifng Dao) vao nam 1237 (12);<br /> phai phong cho Ly Anh Tong lam An Nam hay mot vung lang que trii phii, mot cii<br /> Qud'c Vuang va chinh thiic cong nhan nifdc diem manh tra'n giii vung quan ai Bach<br /> ta la An Nam Quoc (8). Ngo Thi Si da hoan Dang ma sau khi khong don difdc thuyen<br /> toan CO ly khi cho r i n g thdi -vua Ly Anh lifdng cua Trifdng Van Ho, 6 Ma Nhi da<br /> Tong tri -vi: "luyen binh gidng vo, chgn cho danh vao trai Yen Hifng viia de ciidp<br /> tiidng sai sii khien cho Chiem Thdnh phdi lifdng thao ve nuoi doi quan dang chet doi d<br /> gia le phien thdn, nhd Tong phdi phong la Van Kiep, -vifa triet pha mpt cd sd quan sii<br /> niidc ldn, trieu dinh sdng sua, bien gidi yen trpng yeu cua nha Tran (13). Theo chiing<br /> ldnh, hdu nhii dem lai diidc nin thinh tri toi, trai Yen Hifng tuy khong ldn nhif mpt<br /> ddn vi hanh chinh ngang vdi cap phu, lg,<br /> nhu thdi Thdi Tong, thcfi Nhdn Tong' (9) va<br /> nhifng ciing khdng phai la ddn vi hanh<br /> "neu khong phdi la ngUdi rdt sdng suot, rdt<br /> chinh cap cd sd, ma chi la tap hdp mpt so'<br /> anh dung thi khong dUc/c nhU vay" (10).<br /> cac ddn -vi cif trii ca dan sii va quan sii d<br /> 2. Hanh dinh trai Yen Hifng va vi tri khu viic tifdng difdng vdi cac xa Yen Hifng,<br /> cua no trong chie'n lUtfc bien Quynh Lau tong Ha Bac trifdc day (14). Ve<br /> Cong -viec quan trong dau tien ciia -vua •vi tri ciia trai Yen Hifng, ban dich cac sach<br /> Ly Anh Tong (va cung co the difdc coi la Dg,i Viet sii ky todn thU, Dg.i Viet sii ky tuc<br /> ciia ca Vifdng trieu Ly) do'i vdi cac -viing bien deu thoang nha't chii giai "nay Id ddt<br /> bien dao la dat ra hanh dinh d trai Yen huyen Yen HUng tinh Qudng Ninh", hay<br /> HUng (11) nhii la mot cd quan quan ly cua noi mpt each cu the hdn tiic la da't thi tran<br /> trieu dinh trung ifdng do'i vdi ciia ngo yet Quang Yen va cac xa phu can nhif Yen<br /> hau song nifdc quan trong nha't cua da't Giang, Cpng Hda huyen Yen Hifng.<br /> nifdc, ciing nhii toan bo cac -viing bien dao Thdi Ly, de tang cifdng cho trieu dinh<br /> ciia quo'c gia Dai Viet noi chung. kiem tra, quan ly cac dia phifdng trpng ye'u,<br /> Trai Yen Hifng cd quy mo va -vi tri nhif nha Ly cdn dat ra cac hdnh cung, hdnh dinh<br /> the nao ciing la van de can phai ban. Difdi va phil de. Sau hanh dinh d trai Yen Hifng<br /> thdi Ly, he tho'ng hanh chinh d cac dia diing nam 1147, hen tuc trong cac nam<br /> phifdng cd 24 16 (tuy nhien hien nay ciing 1154, 1155, 1156, Ly Anh Tdng cho diing cac<br /> khong cd tai lieu xac dinh difdc day du ca hanh cung Ung Phong d Nam Dinh, hanh<br /> ten goi va -vi tri ciia 24 lo nay). Ngoai lg ra cung Ly Nhan d Ha Nam, hanh cung Ngii<br /> con CO phu, d mien niii hay cac mien xa xoi Thien d Thai Binh, phu de d Phii Lifdng<br /> con CO cac dao, chdu, trai. Ben difdi cac (Thai Nguyen), phu de d chau Quang<br /> phil, chdu, trai la hUctng, gidp... That Nguyen (Cao Bang) (15). Phu de d Phii<br /> khong the hinh dung trai Yen Hifng d day Lifdng, Quang Nguyen de danh rieng cho<br /> lai tifdng difdng vdi cac lg, phu giong nhif Phd ma, Cong chiia cai quan cac viing bien<br /> cac viing chau Hoan, chau Ai. Chiing toi gidi phia Bac. Hanh cung ciing giong nhii<br /> Cling khong nghi quy mo cua trai Yen Hifng cung dien difdc xay diing giiia -vung nong<br /> chi nhif mot xdm nho ciia mot ddn -vi thon nghiep trpng yeu de nha •vua mdi khi di<br /> lang dang hinh thanh sau nay. Sii cu ciing kiem tra, khuye'n khich phat trien san xuat<br /> ttfng nhieu l i n nhac de'n ten trai Yen Hifng nong nghiep (nhif xem cay rupng, xem gat<br /> nhii -viec dat nay ttfng difdc Tran Thai Tong Ilia...) ma phai nghi lai. Con hanh dinh la<br />  Rghien euru Lieh sit. so 1.2011<br /> <br /> dinh thli, doanh trai d ngoai Kinh do tren nhan lay nui lam thanh ma hdu nhii chifa<br /> nguyen tac xay diing phuc •vu cho •viec quan cd xay diing mdi. Den nam Minh Menh thd<br /> d ndi quan yeu, nhifng trong thiic te, ngifdi 7 (1826) mdi dap them liiy da't va nam Tii<br /> ddng dau hanh dinh thay mat cho trieu Diic thli 12 (1859) mdi xay gach chu vi 295<br /> dinh van phai cai quan nhiing "viec dan sii trifdng, md 3 ciia, ma mpt phan dau tich<br /> ma trieu dinh uy thac. Sach Dg.i Viet sH ky con lai den ngay nay. Diidi chan gd la Ben<br /> todn thu cho bie't vao thang 8 nam 1044 sau Ngli sdng Chanh ma cac •vi hoang de - thi<br /> khi danh thang Chiem Thanh, tren diidng nhan liing danh trong lich sd nhif Tran<br /> tif Phat The trd ve Kinh do Thang Long, -vua Thanh Tong, Le Thanh Tong deu da tifng<br /> Ly Thai Tong "den hdnh dinh Nghe An, ggi difng thuyen ngii, lam thd ca ngdi canh sac<br /> Uy Minh hdu Nhat Quang den uy lao roi va con ngifdi cua quan tri An Bang.<br /> trao cho tiit viet trdn thu, chdu dy, gia phong Chung tdi hy vpng rdi day trong chifdng<br /> tudc vUdng. TrUdc day vua uy cho Uy Minh trinh qudc gia bao tdn va ton tao •vung<br /> thu to hdng ndm d Nghe An vd sai lap trg.i chie'n trifdng Bach Dang, cac chuyen gia<br /> Ba Hoa khie'n cho [trdn dy] dUdc vUng chdc, khao cd hpc se cd cd hpi khai quat d khu<br /> lg,i dat die'm canh cdc ndi cdt chda lUcfng •viic ben trong cua tda thanh thdi Nguyen<br /> thiic ddy du, cdi gt cdng viia y vua, cho nen va qua dd cd the tim ra dd'u tich cua ddn An<br /> dUdc tudc phong nhU the" (16). Bang xiia. Ne'u xac dinh difdc chinh xac -vi<br /> Tiec rang cho de'n nay chiing ta chifa cd tri cua ddn An Bang thdi Le thi cung cd<br /> nghien cdu cd ban va nha't la chifa tufng td nhieu kha nang se tim diidc da'u vet cac<br /> chdc khai quat khao co hpc quy mo ldn de hoat dpng ciia td tien ta d •vi tri difdc coi la<br /> xac dinh chinh xac -vi tri va quy mo cua quan trpng nha't cua viing ciia song Bach<br /> hanh dinh Yen Hifng thdi Ly. Thee quan Dang vao thdi diem cua chie'n thang Bach<br /> sat bifdc dau cua chiing toi thi d •viing eda Dang nam 1288, ciing nhif vet tich con lai<br /> song Bach Dang chi cd hai dia diem cd cua cac thdi ky trifdc, trong dd khong loai<br /> trii hanh dinh trai Yen Hifng thdi Ly.<br /> nhieu kha nang c6 lien quan de'n •vi tri<br /> hanh dinh nay: Tha hai la khu •viic niii Dinh chi each<br /> Thli nhdt la khu viic thanh Quang Yen thanh Quang Yen khoang 2 km ve phia<br /> thdi Nguyen. Toa thanh nay nam tren go Dong Bac. Day ciing la mpt qua nui tha'p,<br /> niii Tien Sdn, xa Quynh Lau, triic tie'p an dinh niii kha rpng, xifa cd Thanh Tre, tifdng<br /> ngii eda seng Bach Ddng va sdng Chanh, la truyen la Dinh Phu vd cung linh thieng, hau<br /> •vi tri trpng ye'u nha't cua toan •viing (17). nhif khong ai dam dung tdi (nhifng vi qua<br /> Khi •vua Gia Long thanh lap •vifdng trieu lau ddi nen ciing khdng co ai bie't day la<br /> Nguyin lap ra tran Yen Quang cai quan dinh hay phil nao). Thanh nay no'i thong vdi<br /> toan bp mien Dong Bac, nam 1804 da quyet song Chanh va sdng Bach Dang ma ddng<br /> dinh chpn go nui nay lam ly sd ciia toan song cd, ben Xifdng tii dau niii (nay la xdm<br /> train. Liic do tren go da cd ddn An Bang vd'n Dinh, xa Cpng Hda) chay ra Khe Chanh nay<br /> la tri sd cua phu Hai Dong gdm 2 huyen van cdn nhan difdc da'u vet.<br /> Yen Hifng, Hoanh Bd va 3 chau Tien Yen, Tuy chifa bie't difdc -vi tri that chinh xac<br /> Van Ninh, Van Ddn. Hdn 2 chuc nam dau ciia hanh dinh Yen Hifng, nhifng hoan toan<br /> difdi thdi Gia Long va Minh Menh, tran ly cd the khang dinh nd khong the d ngoai<br /> Yen Quang rdi Quang Yen (18) vSn chi khu viic xa Quynh Lau, tdng Ha Bac xifa<br /> Vua Ly Enh Tflng...<br /> <br /> (nay la Thi tran Yen Hifng va xa Cpng Hda, sif-van hoa cua do thi Quang Yen, do thi<br /> huyen Yen Hiing). Day chinh la ndi d i u trail giii bien dao, dd thi che chan cho Kinh<br /> tien vua Ly Anh Tong, vifdng trieu Ly va dd Thang Long, hifng vong ciing non song<br /> cac nha nifdc phong kie'n Viet Nam da trien da't nifdc nghin nam qua va mai mai ve sau.<br /> khai va thiic thi mpt chie'n lifcfc xay diing va Hda vao xu the phat trien cua da't nifdc<br /> bao ve cac vung bien dao, cac ke hoach chan trong thdi dai cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda,<br /> ddng va danh tan cac dao quan xam lifdc tai bie'n ddi toan cau, Quang Yen - Yen Hitag<br /> viing ciia ngo yet hau cua dd't nifdc, du khong the khdng gdng minh len, triet de huy<br /> chiing hung hd keo quan tif bien vao da't hen dpng mpi ngudn liic, phat trien do thi ben<br /> hay da bi danh bai trong da't lien dang tim •viing, nang tam dd thi theo hifdng tii chu cao<br /> difdng thao chay ra bien. Truyen thd'ng Bach ve tai chinh va chuyen manh ra dai difdng,<br /> Dang - mpt truyen thd'ng ldn cua dan tpc tang cifdng hdp tac va hdi nhap qudc te, thiic<br /> Viet Nam da difdc hinh thanh, tie'p no'i, hien sii menh cao ca ma each day 864 nam "vua<br /> nhan len va thang hoa tif •vung eda sdng Anh Tdng nha Ly trong chie'n lifdc bien dao<br /> Bach Dang, tif khu •viic trai Yen Hifng ndi dau tien cua quoc gia Dai Viet da tim chpn va<br /> tie'ng nay. Day cung chinh la chieu sau lich uy thac vao hanh dinh trai Yen Hiing.<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Dai Viet sii ky tiin bien. Ban dich, Nxb. [1147] (. ) , mim, dong, thdng 10, diing hdnh cung d<br /> Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1997, tr. 294. trai Yen Hiing" (tr. 282). Theo chung toi chuyen dich<br /> (2). Dai Viet sH ky toan thit, T.I, Ban dich, Nxb "hdnh dinh" (tf S ) th&nh "hdnh cung" (f? §•) la lam<br /> <br /> Khoa hoc xa hoi, H& Noi, 1993, tr. 316. sai di noi dung v^ y nghia ciia sii kien.<br /> (12). Dai Viet sU ky todn thU, T.II, sdd, tr. 16.<br /> (3), (4), (5), (6), (8). Dai Viet su! ky todn thti, T.I,<br /> Sach ch6p: "Lay ddt Yen Phu, Yen Diidng, Yen<br /> sdd, tr. 317, 323, 324, 325, 323.<br /> Sinh, Yen Hiing, Yen Bang cho Lieu ldm dp thang<br /> (7). Thong ke theo sach Dai Viet sit ky toan thii,<br /> moc. Nhdn ddt diidc phong md Lieu co ten hieu la<br /> T.I, sdd, tut t r a n g 316 den t r a n g 325.<br /> Yen Sinh Vitcfng". NhvJ the ro r^ng Yen HiJng<br /> (9). Dai Viet sil ky tien bien, sdd, tr. 295. P h a n (cung Yen Phu, Yen DifSng, Yen Bang) khong phai<br /> Huy Chu trong Lich triiu hien chitdng lotii chi la nhOng trai nho n h u cac thon trai hien nay.<br /> ciing n h a n x6t tUdng tii: "Vua cUng ran viec triidc, (13), (16). Dai Viet si ky todn thii, T.I, sdd, tr.<br /> cdn than viec sau, di2c nghiep ngdy mot tien; luyen 61, 266.<br /> binh, gidng vu, chpn tU&ng sai sii [khien cho] (14). Dang Xuan Bang trong SH hgc bi khdo.<br /> Chiem Thdnh giii le phien thdn, nhd Tong sdch Ban dich, Nxb. Van hoa Thong tin, H^ Noi, 1997,<br /> phong coi nhu: nitdc ldn. Trong triiu lite dy, ai cung tr. 427 lai cho trai Yen HUng thdi Tran tUOng<br /> khen la minh tri" (T.I, Ban dich, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa dUdng vdi huyen Yen H u n g thcii Nguyin.<br /> hoi, Ha Noi, 1992, tr. 194-195). (15). Dai Viet sH ky todn thii, T.I, sdd, tr. 321-<br /> (10). Dai Viet sit ky tiin bien, sdd, tr. 295. 322. Cling can phai noi them la cac hanh cung<br /> <br /> (11). Dai Viet si ky todn thit, sdd, tr. 316. Ung Phong va Ly N h a n von da r a t noi tieng tii<br /> <br /> Nguyen vSn chQ H a n tci 6a, quyen 4 la "tao Yen duai thdi vua Ly N h a n Tong (1072-1127), bay gici<br /> Ly Anh Tong chi cho diing lai hay tu sita lai, chit<br /> Hiing trai hdnh dinh" ( i t S S ^ t ? S ) . Ban dich<br /> khong phai \k xay diing hoan toan mdi.<br /> sach Dai Viet sH ky tiin bien, ciing sii kien nay<br /> nhifng lai dich la "Dinh Mdo, nam thit 8 (]^m liep trang 49)<br /> Butmg 16"i Khong lien het e i a An B6. 49<br /> <br /> York, 1970, tr. 48. (8). LGandhi, Chdn ly cua toi, Nxb. P h u Nfl,<br /> (3), (14). N.Jayapalan, Foreign Policy of India, Ha Ngi, 1987, tr. 185.<br /> Publishers Atlantic& Distributors Ltd, Delhi, (9). R.C.Hom, Soviet - Indian Relation: Issues<br /> 2001, tr. 84, 101. and Influence, Praeger Publishers, New Yerk, 1982,<br /> (4). N g u y i n Canh Hue (1998), Tim hieu tU tr. 182.<br /> tudng hod binh trong chinh sdch ddi ngogi cua<br /> (10). S.R.Sharma (2003), Indo-Soviet Relations<br /> nUdc Cpng hod An Dp, Tap chi Nghiin ciu Lich si,<br /> 1972-1991, A Brief Survey - P a r t II; Disccvery<br /> so 3-1998, t r 62.<br /> Publishing House, Delhi, tr. 86.<br /> (5). Indo - Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship<br /> (11). P.J.S.Ducan (1989), The Soviet Union and<br /> and Cooperation, Shadow of the bear: The Indo -<br /> India, Council on foreign relations press, New<br /> Soviet Treaty, Published by Shri P.KDeo, South<br /> York, tr. 45.<br /> Avenue Lance, Ne^w Delhi, India, 1971, tr. 189.<br /> (6), (7). Indo - Soviet Treaty of Peace, (12). R.C.Horn, sdd, tr. 214.<br /> Friendship and Cooperation, Sdd, tr. 189, 188. (13). R.C.Horn, sdd, tr. 213.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VUA LY ANH TONG, CHIEN LUOC BIEN<br /> (Tiip theo trang 7)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> (17). Theo sach Dgi Nam thUc luc, T.IV, B a n dinh vi t r i khong t h e t h a y t h e dUdc cua t i n h<br /> dich, Nxb. Giao due. H a Ngi, 2004, tr. 1032- t h a n h Q u a n g Yen, da k h u y e n vua M i n h Menh<br /> 1033, thi vao nfim 1836, n h a n viec Tong do'c Hai khong nen nghe theo ldi t a u t h i e n kien cua Le<br /> Yen Nguyen Cong Trfl de nghi md rgng thfinh Due Dflc va vua M i n h M e n h da y t h e e ldi ban<br /> Q u a n g Yen, Hg p h u Le Due Dflc t a u khong n e n cua Bg Cdng. Dieu n a y gop p h i n ly giai tai sao<br /> tiep t u c d lai Q u a n g Yen ma c i n phai chuyen tfl ra't sdm, cac n h a nfldc phong kien Viet N a m<br /> s a n g dia diem mdi thugc h u y e n Thiiy Dfldng deu chgn Q u a n g Yen (ma cu t h e la k h u vflc t i n h<br /> (nay la T h u y Nguyen, H a i Phdng), vua M i n h t h a n h Q u a n g Yen) iam t r u n g t a m tra'n gifl vflng<br /> M e n h giao cho Bg Cong xem x6t lai viec nay. cila song Bach Dling va md rgng r a t o a n t u y e n<br /> Sau khi t i n h t o a n ky ludng mgt each tong the, duyen hai, bien va hai dao k h u vflc Dong Bfic.<br /> Bg Cong cho rfing: "Xay dflng thfinh tri, co q u a n (18). That ra day cung chi Ifi ten ggi khac nhau<br /> he de'n sU che cho'ng d bien cUdng. Dia thi'tinh cila cung mgt dia diem. Ten 16 An Bang da co tfl<br /> thdnh Qudng Yen, trong co the khd'ng che dUgc thdi T r i n . Nfim 1466, Le T h a n h Tong dfit An Bang<br /> cd hgt, ngodi co thi trd'n dp dUdc uung hdi thfla tuyen. Den ddi vua Le Anh Tong mdi doi An<br /> cUang, t h u c la ndi h i n h t h e dep. Ldi cua do'c Bang Ifim An Quang va nfim 1822, vua Minh<br /> t h a n CO d i n h k i e n da'y". Bg Cong sau khi xac Menh doi An (Yin) Quang thfinh Quang Yen.<br />