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Activating chemokine receptors
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The chemokines, CXCL12 and CXCL11, are upregulated in tumors from many organs and control their progression. CXCL12 and CXCL11 affect tumor cell functions by either binding their prime receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR3, respectively, and/or CXCR7 as a common second chemokine receptor.
12p
vileonardodavinci
23-12-2023
4
2
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by lung and systemic inflammation as well as airway goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH). Mucin production is activated in part by stimulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor pathway through neutrophils and macrophages. How circulating cytokine levels relate to GCH is not clear.
10p
vimontana2711
05-04-2021
10
2
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Recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) may arise due to the persistence of drug-resistant and cancer-initiating cells that survive exposure to chemotherapy. Proteins responsible for this recurrence include the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is known to enable CRC metastasis, as well as the cancer-initiating cell marker and peptidase CD26, which terminates activity of its chemokine CXCL12.
14p
vimoscow2711
29-08-2020
5
1
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Tumor epithelial cells (TEpCs) and spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, of patients with early breast cancer express osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, stromal cell derived factor-1, interleukin-6, macrophage colony stimulating factor, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (CCL-2) and their receptors at significantly higher levels compared with non-neoplastic breast tissues.
12p
vimale2711
21-08-2020
9
1
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18) affects the malignant progression of varying cancers by activating chemokine receptors. Our previous work has shown that CCL18 promotes hyperplasia and invasiveness of oral cancer cells; however, the cognate receptors of CCL18 involved in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not yet been identified.
13p
vidhaka2711
31-07-2020
15
2
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Excessive neutrophil presence and activation is important in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The CXCR2 chemokine receptor is important in controlling the extravasation and activation of neutrophils.
12p
vienzym2711
03-04-2020
12
1
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Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). This study aimed to determine the effects of the CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway on cholesterol accumulation in the radial arteries of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with concomitant microinflammation and to further investigate the potential effects of the purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7R).
10p
viwashington2711
04-12-2019
8
0
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The genetic markers in inflammatory responses during mastitis afford a reasonable way for improving milk production in the Egyptian buffalo breed. Among them is the interleukin 8 Receptor Gene (IL8RB) (CXCR2); a chemokine receptor gene augments the neutrophil migration during infection. To understand its role better during mastitis in Egyptian buffalos, twenty-five dairy animals representing the normal, sub-clinically, clinically and chronically affected buffalos were randomly selected from different districts.
9p
trinhthamhodang1
14-11-2019
18
3
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This raises the issue of the measurement of the informal sector, which is known to be substantial in transition and developing countries. In the former Soviet Union countries it is estimated to contribute between 20 and 40 per cent of GDP. Even in the European Union (EU) there is considerable informal activity: in Italy, for example, it has been estimated to contribute between 10 and 20 per cent of GDP. It has been estimated that the informal sector contributes some nine trillion ‘undetected’ dollars to global GDP.
67p
bi_ve_sau
05-02-2013
53
4
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Technical approaches seek to reduce the emissions produced by road vehicles using the transport system by intervening with the vehicles being used and the fuels they are burning. By definition, these approaches address per unit emissions rather than the amount of activity causing the emissions. An exclusively technological approach may be insufficient to address the growth in emissions, for a number of reasons. First, growt h in activity continuously puts pressure on technology gains.
65p
saimatkhauroi
01-02-2013
38
4
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Collecting health expenditure in Zambia utilizing NHA surveys is an activity that has not been institutionalized or routine for many private entities and individuals. Similar to other developing countries, a major barrier to conducting a NHA analysis is collecting data that is available, valid, reliable, and consistent. As noted in the 1998 Rwanda HIV/AIDS subanalysis (Schneider et al.
64p
quynho77
10-11-2012
46
3
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Table 114-1 Examples of Microbial Ligand-Receptor Interactions Microorganism Type of Microbial Ligand Host Receptor Viral Pathogens Influenza virus Hemagglutinin Sialic acid Measles virus Vaccine strain Hemagglutinin CD46/moesin Wild-type strains Hemagglutinin Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) Human herpesvirus type 6 ? CD46 Herpes simplex virus Glycoprotein C Heparan sulfate HIV Surface glycoprotein CD4 and chemokine receptors CXCR4) (CCR5 and Epstein-Barr virus Envelope protein CD21 (=CR2) Adenovirus Fiber protein Coxsackie-adenovirus recepto...
5p
thanhongan
07-12-2010
72
5
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