Borrowing constraint

This paper proposes a dualism of hypothesis derived from dynamic Cournot competition on whether house building is driven by credit constraint corresponding to collateral value. Using monthly data from Jan 2004 to May 2016 of 26 Chinese provinces and 4 direct-controlled municipalities, the empirical test suggests that collateral value do drive house building.

36p trinhthamhodang2 19-01-2020 11 1   Download

Transactional costs are a large burden for Georgian lenders. Agricultural borrowers live and farm in remote locations compared to major cities where banks tend to locate branch offices. When one considers distance and the required routine monitoring of business activities, the transactional cost for long-term loans is higher than other loan products. In addition to transactional costs, the bank overhead costs in Georgia are high. According to a recent World Bank review on the financial sector, overhead costs range between 14-18% of earning assets.

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On the other hand a model with dynamically inconsistent (quasi-hyperbolic) time preference can explain the decline, for reasonable short-term and long-term discount rates. We also investigate whether households in our sample appear to make an effort at self-control, using a strategy emphasized in the literature: a mental accounting rule that limits borrowing during the pay period and thus puts a cap on overspending. We find that households who are able to borrow, in the sense that they own a credit card, nevertheless exhibit the spending profile characteristic of credit constraints.

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This interest rate configuration also has implications for households deciding on the maturity of their mortgage financing. When short-term rates are low and deemed unlikely to rise, households shorten the maturity of their borrowing, often counting on being able to switch to long-term mortgages when they feel interest rates may rise. As households switch, banks dependent on short-term funding have to hedge their new interest rate exposures.

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Looking at the political consequences of decentralization, Weingast (1995) proposes that a properly designed decentralization is one way to make government more accountable to its citizens.

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The model describes the behaviour of consumers, which are heterogeneous in terms of age, income and ¯nancial assets. They maximize the utility from consumption sub- ject to the life-cycle budget constraint. Their savings are remunerated at the deposit interest rate and the cost of borrowing is given by the lending rate. When young, con- sumers work and receive wages that depend on an idiosyncratic, stochastic component and a deterministic life-cycle pro¯le of productivity. When old, they are on a manda- tory retirement and receive pensions.

33p enterroi 01-02-2013 58 3   Download

The most fundamental issue connected to credit scoring is the level of accuracy of the information that forms the basis for the scores. Regardless of whether lending and pricing decisions are made by a manual or automated review of a consumer’ s credit, the potential for inaccuracies in credit reports to result in loan denials or higher borrowing costs is a cause for concern. Several organizations have conducted studies and surveys to quantify the pervasiveness of credit report errors, with widely ranging findings regarding how many credit reports contain errors (from 0.

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This research report and the underlying field research and data processing would not have been feasible without the essential and invaluable contribution of the re- search staff of the Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, and without the contribution of many others in Malawi, at IFPRI, and at other institutions. Fore- most, we are grateful for the assistance of the staff of the Department of Rural De- velopment (DRD) who contributed to the successful implementation of the field sur- vey, data cleaning, and data analysis for the DRD/IFPRI Rural Finance Study.

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Governments everywhere responded to the panic by pumping more equity into banks, greatly expanding the ambit of their deposit insurance, and opening up various central bank discount windows for distress borrowers. This gigantic effort seems to have reduced counterparty party risk, the fear of bank failure, in interbank trading. Figure 1 shows the one- month LIBOR rate coming down close to the Fed funds rate, now near zero, by mid 2009.

10p taisaocothedung 09-01-2013 82 6   Download

Some of the responsibility for ensuring a competitive marketplace must be placed on borrowers themselves, since knowledgeable, informed borrowers help to foster competition in credit markets. When consumers do not know or cannot compare rates being charged by various lenders, each lender has more freedom to charge any rate — fair or unfair. A high level of borrower awareness can create a natural protection from unreasonable interest rates, in lieu of the external constraint of a usury ceiling.

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