Both lexical

In the model of BWP (Before-reading, While-reading, Post-reading), the researcher analyzed the gathered data to have the findings that even there are many techniques in teaching reading English, the teachers had better select suitable ones for their own students based on their levels, attitudes, motivation and goals;..

3p vipriyankagandhi 27-07-2022 10 5   Download

The principal objective of this investigation "An investigation into the lexical density and readability of Non-English majored first-year students’ writing at Hanoi National University of Education" is to evaluate the lexical density and readability in the writings of first-year Mathematics-majored students with dual major in English at Hanoi National University of Education. The study shows that students can only achieve the average level of both lexical density and readability, which suggests that they need to enhance their writing skills with more complex grammar and vocabulary.

5p runordie2 07-06-2022 24 1   Download

The objective of this article is to investigate the status of using the local vocabulary in the fruit category of the northeastern language in Thailand. Using the concept of Language Change and language loss.

6p huyetthienthan 23-11-2021 11 1   Download

A majority of them used the lexical familiarization strategy to guess the meanings of words from context and social strategy by asking other classmates/friends for the meanings of the academic words. The students also reported the employment of cognitive strategy with both written and verbal repetition to remember vocabulary.

9p vivirginia2711 10-12-2020 17 4   Download

The results obtained from the study indicated that the overall features of English and Vietnamese economic news discourse in terms of lexical cohesion are nearly the same - there is no significant difference in statistics between other lexical cohesive devices in English and Vietnamese economic news. All types of lexical cohesive ties are employed in this type of discourse of both English and Vietnamese.

6p doctorstrange1 21-06-2018 103 9   Download

Our poster presents results and experiences from the application of the system to 300,000 word forms, a subpart of a larger corpus. The application of the system is carried out in two steps, an automatic lexical look up followed by homograph separation, which is done partly automatically, partly manually. Lexical and morphological analysis and disambiguation of Swedish is a rather complicated task, a fact which should hold for several other languages as well. Below a sample text is given, showing both the amount of information that has to be specified for each word form and the degree of...

1p buncha_1 08-05-2013 40 2   Download

The interpretation of coercion constructions (to begin a book) has been recently considered as resulting from the operation of type changing. For instance, a phrase of type o (object) is coerced to a phrase of type e (event) under the influence of the predicate. We show that this procedure encounters empirical difficulties. Focussing on the begin/commencer case, we show that the coercion interpretation results both from general semantic processes and properties of the predicate, and we argue that it is best represented at the lexical level. ...

10p buncha_1 08-05-2013 42 2   Download

The lexicons for Knowledge-Based Machine Translation systems require knowledge intensive morphological, syntactic and semantic information. This information is often used in different ways and usually formatted for a specific NLP system. This tends to make both the acquisition and maintenance of lexical databases cumbersome, inefficient and error-prone. In order to solve these problems, we have developed a program called COOL which automates the acquisition and maintenance processes and allows us to standardize and centralize the databases. ...

9p buncha_1 08-05-2013 53 2   Download

In this paper we present a means of defining morphonological phenomena in an inheritance based lexicon. We make use of the theory behind the formal language MOLUSC, in which morphological alternations were defined as mappings between sequences of tree-structured syllables. We discuss how the alternations can be defined in the inheritance-based lexical representation language DATR, and how the phonological aspects can be built upon to bring it closer to an integrated lexicon with representations which can be used by both the morphology and phonology of a language. ...

10p buncha_1 08-05-2013 52 2   Download

DATR is a declarative language for representing a restricted class of inheritance networks, permitting both multiple and default inheritance. The principal intended area of application is the representation of lexical entries for natural language processing, and we use examples from this domain throughout. In this paper we present the syntax and inference mechanisms for the language.

6p buncha_1 08-05-2013 36 1   Download

We show how idioms can be parsed in lexiealized TAGs. We rely on extensive studies of frozen phrases pursued at L.A.D.L) that show that idioms are pervasive in natural language and obey, generally speaking, the same morphological and syntactical patterns as 'free' structures. By idiom we mean a structure in which some items are lexically frozen and have a semantics that is not compositional. We thus consider idioms of different syntactic categories : NP, S, adverbials, compound prepositions.., in both English and French.

9p buncha_1 08-05-2013 46 2   Download

A tool is described which helps in the creation, extension and updating of lexical knowledge bases (LKBs). Two levels of representation are distinguished: a static storage level and a dynamic knowledge level. The latter is an object-oriented environment containing linguistic and lexicographic knowledge. At the knowledge level, constructors and filters can be defined. Constructors are objects which extend the LKB both horizontally (new information) and vertically (new entries) using the linguistic knowledge.

5p buncha_1 08-05-2013 43 2   Download

We present an algorithm for simultaneously constructing both the syntax and semantics of a sentence using a Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG). This approach captures naturally and elegantly the interaction between pragmatic and syntactic constraints on descriptions in a sentence, and the inferential interactions between multiple descriptions in a sentence. At the same time, it exploits linguistically motivated, declarative specifications of the discourse functions of syntactic constructions to make contextually appropriate syntactic choices. ...

8p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 46 3   Download

This paper describes the components used in the design of the commercial X u x e n I I spelling checker/corrector for Basque. It is a new version of the Xuxen spelling corrector (Aduriz et al., 97) which uses lexical transducers to improve the process. A very important new feature is the use of user dictionaries whose entries can recognise both the original and inflected forms. In languages with a high level of inflection such as Basque spelling checking cannot be resolved without adequate treatment of words from a morphological standpoint.

2p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 41 3   Download

Probabilistic accounts of language processing can be psychologically tested by comparing word-reading times (RT) to the conditional word probabilities estimated by language models. Using surprisal as a linking function, a significant correlation between unlexicalized surprisal and RT has been reported (e.g., Demberg and Keller, 2008), but success using lexicalized models has been limited. In this study, phrase structure grammars and recurrent neural networks estimated both lexicalized and unlexicalized surprisal for words of independent sentences from narrative sources. ...

11p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 46 3   Download

We estimate the parameters of a phrasebased statistical machine translation system from monolingual corpora instead of a bilingual parallel corpus. We extend existing research on bilingual lexicon induction to estimate both lexical and phrasal translation probabilities for MT-scale phrasetables. We propose a novel algorithm to estimate reordering probabilities from monolingual data. We report translation results for an end-to-end translation system using these monolingual features alone.

11p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 51 3   Download

In this paper, we demonstrate three NLP applications of the BioLexicon, which is a lexical resource tailored to the biology domain. The applications consist of a dictionary-based POS tagger, a syntactic parser, and query processing for biomedical information retrieval. Biological terminology is a major barrier to the accurate processing of literature within biology domain. In order to address this problem, we have constructed the BioLexicon using both manual and semiautomatic methods. We demonstrate the utility of the biology-oriented lexicon within three separate NLP applications. ...

4p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 48 3   Download

One of the major challenges in TRECstyle question-answering (QA) is to overcome the mismatch in the lexical representations in the query space and document space. This is particularly severe in QA as exact answers, rather than documents, are required in response to questions. Most current approaches overcome the mismatch problem by employing either data redundancy strategy through the use of Web or linguistic resources. This paper investigates the integration of lexical relations and Web knowledge to tackle this problem.

8p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 49 1   Download

Though most translation systems have some mechanism for translating certain types of divergent predicate-argument structures, they do not provide a genera] procedure that takes advantage of the relationship between lexical-semantic structure and syntactic structure. A divergent predicate-argument structure is one in which the predicate (e.g., the main verb) or its arguments (e.g., the subject and object) do not have the same syntactic ordering properties for both the source and target language. ...

8p bungio_1 03-05-2013 36 2   Download

This paper describes our current research on the properties of derivational affixation in English. Our research arises from a more general research project, the Lexical Systems project at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research laboratories, the goal for which is to build a variety of computerized dictionary systems for use both by people and by computer programs. An important sub-goal is to build reliable and robust word recognition mechanisms for these dictionaries.

8p bungio_1 03-05-2013 39 2   Download