Burden of the debt

Agriculture remains the mainstay of Indian economy. The major contribution for the Indian agriculture is supported by the marginal and small farmers. Agriculture is most important for the sustainable development. Until 1935, the major sources of funds for the farmers were the professional money lenders. Due to their unduly high rate of interest, farmers were heavily burdened with debts, which lead to the riots and even miserable suicides. Later, Government of India has undertaken those issues and established agricultural credit policy through various institutional agencies.

6p trinhthamhodang1218 26-02-2021 9 1   Download

In this chapter, the following content will be discussed: When government spending > revenues, it must borrow money: debt is the sum of past deficits & surpluses; economic research centers on whether future generations carry the burden of government debt; several factors influence whether government should finance expenditures through taxes or debt;...

14p thiendiadaodien_8 24-02-2019 29 3   Download

The U.S. newspaper industry is suffering through what could be its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Advertising revenues have plummeted due in part to the severe economic downturn, while readership habits have changed as consumers turn to the Internet for free news and information. Some major newspaper chains are burdened by heavy debt loads.

108p loixinloi 08-05-2013 64 8   Download

The U.S. newspaper industry is in the midst of a historic restructuring, buffeted by a deep recession that has battered crucial advertising revenues, long-term structural challenges as readers turn to free news and entertainment on the Internet, and heavy debt burdens weighing down some major media companies. Eight major U.S. newspaper companies filed for bankruptcy between 2008 and early 2010 (though nearly all have since emerged as reorganized companies), while hundreds of smaller papers went out of business or moved to Web-only publications.

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Today, tens of millions of Americans – including those with and without health insurance – struggle to pay their health care bills. A study released last year by CredAbility, a nonprofit credit counseling agency, estimated that 20% of their clients listed medical debt as the primary reason for seeking bankruptcy protection. The burden of being unable to afford care often has a greater impact on women than men. In one study, more than 50% of women delayed seeking medical care because they couldn't afford it, compared to 39% of men. Women are also less likely to...

42p nhacnenzingme 23-03-2013 43 4   Download

A number of studies (see, for example, Iacoviello (2005) or Calza et al (2009)) apply the nancial accelerator to the housing market, where a similar mechanism is at work. A reduction in interest rates increases the value of collateral (housing) by increasing the discounted value of future user costs. The borrowers' debt capacity and consequently the demand for housing increases further, generating an even larger increase in house prices. Persistence and amplication would be mutually reinforcing and propagate the effect of the initial shock to interest rates on housing activity.

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The potential impact of debt on inflation depends on the response of monetary policy. High government debt could well constrain the ability of the central banks to set the policy rate to control inflation. This is the “fiscal dominance” view. Heavily debted governments force the central bank to accept inflation in order to reduce the real value of their debt. Historically, inflation has helped governments to reduce their public debt burdens.

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. The framework summarized in the paper 1 starts with a grouping of all low income countries in accordance with the performance of institutions and effectiveness of policies followed by choices of the most appropriate thresholds for the selected debt burden indicators. It is understood that DSAs will become dynamic in nature capturing information as they become available during each replenishment period rather than holding them static for each period. The preparation of forward-looking DSAs will be a development that will take place during IDA 14.

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External finance is meant to supplement and support developing countries’ domestic resource mobilization. However, since the nineteenth century, developing countries have experienced repeated episodes of rapidly increasing external indebtedness and debt-service burdens that have brought slower growth or recession and eventually produced renegotiation and restructuring.

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Since 1993, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has pursued a policy of restructuring its external debt in order to reduce its debt burden. In 2002, the Bretton Woods institutions prepared a debt sustainability analysis that concluded that the country was not eligible for the Enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative. Furthermore, in 2003, the Vietnamese authorities approved a debt strategy for the period of 2001-2010 formulated by the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI).

40p truongan 13-11-2009 105 19   Download

The past year has been good for doing business in 58 of the 145 Doing Business sample countries. They simplified some aspect of business regulations, strengthened property rights or made it easier for businesses to raise financing. Slovakia was the leading reformer: introducing flexible working hours, easing the hiring of first-time workers, opening a private credit registry, cutting the time to start a business in half and, thanks to a new collateral law, reducing the time to recover debt by three-quarters. Colombia was the runner-up.

164p vutrung 07-09-2009 147 34   Download