Cellular and molecular

Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary; 3Department of Inorganic Chemistry, and 4Research Group for Antibiotics, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary; 5 International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland This study characterizes the calcium-bound CR I – II domain (residues 1–100) of rat calretinin (CR).

9p system191 01-06-2013 41 4   Download

Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling plays essential roles in eliciting adequate cellular responses to stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. SAPK pathways are composed of three successive protein kinase reactions. The phosphorylation of SAPK signaling components on Ser/Thr or Thr/Tyr residues suggests the involvement of various protein phosphatases in the negative regulation of these systems.

7p research12 01-06-2013 54 4   Download

In human neutrophils, both changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations, [Ca 2+ ] i , and activation of phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PtdIns3K) have been proposed to play a role in regulating cellular function induced by chemoattr-actants. In this studywe have investigated the role of [Ca 2+ ] i and its effector molecule calmodulin in human neutrophils.

10p research12 23-04-2013 42 2   Download

Hepatopoietin (HPO) is a novel human hepatotrophic growth factor. Recently, we demonstrated that the extra-cellular ligand form of HPO can stimulate proliferation of hepatic cells via its specific receptor, which is on the surface of these cells.Also, the intracellular formofHPOpotentiates the transcriptional factor AP-1. Intriguingly, a variety of HPO complexes with different molecular masses were detected in hepatocytes.

6p research12 23-04-2013 25 5   Download

Cleavage of the arylglycerolb-aryl ether linkage is the most important process in the biological degradation of lignin. Thebacterialb-etherasewasdescribedpreviouslyandshown to be tightly associated with the cellular membrane. In this study, we aimed to detect and isolate a new extracellular function that catalyses theb-aryl ether linkage cleavage of high-molecular lignin in the soil fungi. We screened and isolated 2BW-1 cells by using a highly sensitive fluorescence assay system.

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 39 4   Download

The wealth of available genomic data has spawned a corresponding interest in computational methods that can impart biological meaning and context to these experiments. Traditional computational methods have drawn rela-tionships between pairs of proteins or genes based on notions of equality or similarity between their patterns of occurrence or behavior. For exam-ple, two genes displaying similar variation in expression, over a number of experiments, may be predicted to be functionally related.

9p fptmusic 12-04-2013 42 4   Download

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is distinct from Hsp70 and chaperonin in that client proteins are apparently restricted to a subset of proteins categor-ized as cellular signaling molecules. Among these, many specific protein kinases require the assistance of Hsp90 and its co-chaperone Cdc37⁄p50 for their biogenesis. A series of Cdc37 deletion mutants revealed that all mutants capable of binding Raf-1 possess amino acid residues between 181 and 200.

7p fptmusic 12-04-2013 48 1   Download

Folate is an essential vitamin involved in a number of biological processes. High affinity folate binding proteins (FBPs) exist both as glycosylphospha-tidylinositol-linked, membrane associated folate binding proteins and as soluble FBPs in plasma and some secretory fluids such as milk, saliva and semen. The function and significance of FBPs are unresolved, however, it has been suggested that they may facilitate folate uptake, e.g. during suck-ling.

8p fptmusic 11-04-2013 40 2   Download

Cdc37 is a molecular chaperone that interacts with a range of clients and co-chaperones, forming various high molecular mass complexes. Cdc37 sequence homology among species is low. High homology between yeast and metazoan proteins is restricted to the extreme N-terminal region, which is known to bind clients that are predominantly protein kinases.

12p fptmusic 11-04-2013 18 1   Download

Cellular regulation is a result of complex interactions arising from DNA–protein and protein–protein binding, autoreg-ulation, and compartmentalization and shuttling of regula-tory proteins. Experiments in molecular biology have identified these mechanisms recruited by a regulatory net-work.Mathematicalmodelsmaybe used to complement the knowledge-base provided byin vitroexperimental methods. Interactions identified byin vitroexperiments can lead to the hypothesis of multiple candidate models explaining the in vivo mechanism. ...

11p awards 05-04-2013 52 3   Download

NA helicases are ubiquitous molecular motor proteins which harness the chemical free energy of ATPhydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of energetically stable duplex DNA, and thus play important roles in nearly all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including replication, repair, recombina-tion, and transcription. They break the hydrogen bonds between the duplex helix and move unidirectionally along the bound strand. All helicases are also translocases and DNA-dependentATPases.Most contain conserved helicase motifs that act as an engine to power DNA unwinding. ...

14p dell39 03-04-2013 37 5   Download

DNA helicases are molecular
motor enzymes that use the energy of NTP hydrolysis to separate transiently energetic-ally stable duplex DNA into single strands. They are there-fore essential in nearly all DNA metabolic transactions. They act as essential molecular tools for the cellular machinery. Since the discovery of the first DNA helicase in Escherichia coliin1976, several havebeen isolated fromboth prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.

15p dell39 03-04-2013 50 4   Download

Apsychrotrophic bacteriumShewanellasp. strain SIB1 was grown at 4 and 20
C, and total soluble proteins extracted from the cells were analyzed by two-dimensional poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison ofthese pat-terns showed that the cellular content ofa protein with a molecular mass of28 kDa and an isoelectric point of four greatly increased at 4
C compared to that at 20
C.

10p dell39 03-04-2013 45 4   Download

Crustacean growth and development is characterized by periodic shedding (ecdysis) and replacement of the rigid exoskeleton. Secretions of the X-organ sinus gland complex control the cellular events that lead to growth and molting. Western blot and ELISA results showed a progressive increase in growth arrest-specific protein (Gas7) from early postmolt stage to a maximum at late postmolt stage.

8p dell39 27-03-2013 54 3   Download

Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, hyperglycemia-induced glycations and environmental exposures increase the cellular concentrations of aldehydes. A novel aspect of the molecular actions of aldehydes, e.g. acetaldehyde and acrolein, is their reaction with the cysteine ligands of zinc sites in proteins and concomitant zinc release.

11p inspiron33 25-03-2013 32 5   Download

The occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks in the nucleus provokes in its structural organization a large-scale alteration whose molecular basis is still mostly unclear. Here, we show that double-strand breaks trigger pref-erential assembly of nucleoproteins in human cellular fractions and that they mediate the separation of large protein–DNA aggregates from aque-ous solution.

13p inspiron33 25-03-2013 42 5   Download

The biochemical nature and the replication of infectious prions have been intensively studied in recent years. Much less is known about the cellular events underlying neuronal dysfunction and cell death. As the cellular func-tion of the normal cellular isoform of prion protein is not exactly known, the impact of gain of toxic function or loss of function, or a combination of both, in prion pathology is still controversial.

6p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 57 5   Download

The intracellular accumulation of low molecular mass organic compounds in response to stressful conditions was investigated in the thermophilic bacterium Petrotoga miotherma, a member of the order Thermotogales. This led to the discovery of a new solute, whose structure was established as a-d-mannopyranosyl-(1fi2)-a-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 fi2)-glycerate (MGG) by MMR spectroscopy and MS.

8p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 25 4   Download

Huntingtin protein (Htt), whose mutation causes Huntington’s disease (HD), interacts with large numbers of proteins that participate in diverse cellular pathways. This observation indicates that wild-type Htt is involved in various cellular processes and that the mutated Htt alters these processes in HD.

9p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 54 5   Download

RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNA interference) is a powerful way to knock down gene expression and has revolutionized the fields of cellular and molecular biology. Indeed, the transfection of cultured cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is currently considered to be the best and easi-est approach to loss-of-function experiments.

16p media19 06-03-2013 47 5   Download