Chemical Reaction Engineering

This study synthesizes the use of chemicals to prevent one of common concrete durability problems, alkali-silica reaction (ASR), and can help researchers (i) identify widely used potential chemicals and evaluate these chemical solutions to prevent ASR with proper understanding of mechanisms, and (ii) to identify the research gaps in order to develop guidelines and implementation plan on the use of these chemicals for future research.

8p tohitohi 19-05-2020 21 1   Download

The reactions form chains and rings of alumino-silicate networks in geopolymeric structures. The raw materials used for geopolymerization normally contain high SiO2 and Al2O3 in the chemical compositions such as meta-kaoline, rice husk ash, fly ash, bottom ash, blast furnace slag, red mud, and others. The geopolymer-based material has potentials to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)-based materials in the future because of its lower energy consumption, minimal CO2 emissions and lower production cost as it utilizes industrial waste resources.

8p quaymax4 05-09-2018 28 0   Download

Chemical reaction engineering (reaction engineering or reactor engineering) is a specialty in chemical engineering or industrial chemistry dealing with chemical reactors. Frequently the term relates specifically to catalytic reaction systems where either a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst is present in the reactor.

146p 61204392 22-10-2014 80 15   Download

Cytochrome c is widely distributed in bacterial species, from mesophiles to thermophiles, and is one of the best-characterized redox proteins in terms of biogenesis, folding, structure, function, and evolution. Experimental molecular biology techniques (gene cloning and expression) have become applicable to cytochrome c, enabling its engineering and manipulation. Heterologous expression systems for cytochromes c in bacteria, for use in mutagenesis studies, have been established by extensive investigation of the biological process by which the functional structure is formed. ...

7p research12 01-06-2013 32 3   Download

Fibritin is a segmented coiled-coil homotrimer of the 486-residue product of phage T4 gene wac. This protein attaches to a phage particle by the N-terminal region and ˚ forms fibrous whiskers of 530 A, which perform a chaperone function during virus assembly. The short C-terminal region has a b-annulus-like structure. We engineered a set of fibritin deletion mutants sequentially truncated from the N-termini, and the mutants were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and CD measurements....

9p research12 01-06-2013 42 3   Download

Human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in numerous biological activities such as hematopoiesis, osteoclastogenesis, neurogenesis and female fertility. IL-11 is obviously a key reagent to study the IL-11 receptors. However, conventional radio-iodination techni-ques lead to a loss of IL-11 bioactivity. Here, we report the construction and the production of a new recombinant human IL-11 (FPDIL-11). In this molecule, a speci®c phosphorylation site (RRASVA) has been introduced at the N-terminus of rhIL-11. ...

8p research12 29-04-2013 30 4   Download

The envelope protein gp64 of the baculovirusAutographa californicanuclear polyhedrosis virus is essential for viral entry into insect cells, as the glycoprotein bothmediates pH-dependentmembrane fusionandbinds tohost cell receptors. Surface modification of baculovirus particles by genetic engineering of gp64 has been demonstrated by various strategies and thus has become an important and powerful tool in molecular biology.

10p research12 23-04-2013 27 2   Download

Petroleum mixtures consist primarily of relatively unreactive complex hydrocarbons covering a wide boiling range. Such mixtures are difficult to separate by most analytical techniques. Therefore, the petroleum industry has for many years played a leading role in the development of chromatographic methods of analysis. Since the last book specifically concerned with chromatographic analysis of petroleum appeared 15 years ago, numerous advances have been made including developments in liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, ...

453p trua_nang 22-04-2013 110 15   Download

Engineered yeast cells efficiently convert ergosta-5-eneol to pregnenolone and progesterone provided that endogenous pregnenolone acetylase activity is disrupted and that heterologous sterolD7-reductase, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (CYP11A1) and 3b hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3b-HSD) activities are present. CYP11A1activity requires the expressionof themammalian NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase (Adrp) and adrenodoxin (Adxp) proteins as electron carriers.

13p tumor12 20-04-2013 27 2   Download

Cell-free translation systems have developed significantly over the last two decades and improvements in yield have resulted in their use for protein production in the laboratory. These systems have protein engineering appli-cations, such as the production of proteins containing unnatural amino acids and development of proteins exhibiting novel functions.

8p inspiron33 25-03-2013 40 6   Download

In recent years, classical antibody-based affinity reagents have been challenged by novel types of binding proteins developed by combinatorial protein engineering principles. One of these classes of binding proteins of non-Ig origin are the so-called affibody binding proteins, functionally selected from libraries of a small (6 kDa), non-cysteine three-helix bundle domain used as a scaffold.

9p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 43 4   Download

Experimental design has a long tradition in statistics, engineering and life sciences, dating back to the beginning of the last century when optimal designs for industrial and agricultural trials were considered. In cell biol-ogy, the use of mathematical modeling approaches raises new demands on experimental planning.

17p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 40 3   Download

Oxidation/Reduction Reactions Reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another. Example I-1 Cu2+ + Zn (s) Cu (s) + Zn2+ Cu2+ has undergone reduction and is reduced. Oxidizing reagent: Cu2+. Reducing agent: Zn. Zn has undergone oxidation and is oxidized. .

91p doilan 26-01-2013 66 10   Download

individual species Determining which species are present Reactions Equations Assumption Steps in Figure 9-1 .A Systematic Method .

39p doilan 26-01-2013 36 4   Download

The concentrations and charge strength of "spectator“ or non-reacting electrolytes The tendency to form precipitates will be decreased with increasing ionic strength 1) interactions (but not necessarily reactions) of the reactant species with other charged species 2) interactions of the charged product species with the spectator ions. H2O + H2CO3 H3O+ + HCO3Ka1 increases with increasing ionic strength, so the solution becomes more acidic.

36p doilan 26-01-2013 47 6   Download

Titrimetry refers to that group of analytical techniques which takes advantage of titers or concentrations of solutions. The word "titer" is also used to denote "equivalence" or that amount of a solution required to complete a chemical reaction. Titrimetry often refers to the use of some volume of a solution of known concentration to determine the quantity of an analyte. But there are some variations on the use of the term.

66p doilan 26-01-2013 64 6   Download

It happens all the time: a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company will spend ten years and hundreds of millions of dollars on a drug candidate that looks spectacular in animal models of a disease, only to see it fail during clinical trials, either because of unexpected adverse reactions in a small number of patients or a surprising lack of efficacy. For every drug that is approved, on average more than 6,000 new chemical substances are created. Only seven of these ever end up being tested in humans, and only three make it to Phase III clinical trials, the final step before...

0p thulanh21 15-11-2011 51 2   Download

Reactions of isolated dienes are just like those of alkenes. Reactivity of the dienophile is increased if 1 or more electron-withdrawing groups are present. In order to participate in a Diels-Alder reaction, the diene must be in an s-cis conformation.

18p 3dagkhoa 28-10-2010 115 22   Download

Reaction mechanism: the description of the step-by-step process by which reactants are changed / converted into products. A nucleophile: an electron-rich species that can form a covalent bond by donating 2 electrons to a positive center.

62p 3dagkhoa 28-10-2010 139 32   Download

Limitations: The Wurtz reaction is limited to the synthesis of symmetric alkanes from alkyl iodides & bromides. If two dissimilar alkyl halides are taken as reactants, then the product is a mixture of alkanes that is, often, difficult to separate. A side reaction also occurs to produce an alkene. The side reaction becomes more significant when the alkyl halides are bulky at the halogen-attached carbon.

25p 3dagkhoa 13-10-2010 170 10   Download