Chronic toxic effect

Part 2 book "An introduction to aquatic toxicology" includes content: Effects on organisms, bioindicators and biomarkers, interactions between chemicals, acute and chronic toxicity, interactions between natural environmental factors and toxicity, effects of chemicals on aquatic populations, effects of chemicals on aquatic communities and ecosystems.

126p oursky08 01-11-2023 8 2   Download

Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume Oleaceae is a herbal medicine widely used for weight loss and milk gland stimulation. Extract product has been generally used but has not much scientific evidence about its safety and effects. This study aimed to evaluate the semi-chronic toxicity and lipid-lowering effects of Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume leaf extract. The study was performed on Wistar rats and Swiss mice.

10p viberbers 09-08-2023 3 2   Download

Eutrophication in waters often results in cyanobacterial mass development. Cyanobacterial blooms can cause major disruptions of the aquatic ecosystem due to strong negative effects on herbivorous zooplankton such as Daphnia. In this study, we used extract of cyanobacterial material from a scum to chronically expose to a tropical micro-crustacean, Daphnia lumholtzi.

7p vikissinger 03-03-2022 7 1   Download

Thifluzamide is a thiazole carboxanilide fungicide used to control a wide range of basidiomycete diseases on maize, potatoes, rice, and other crops. Although this fungicide is found in aquatic environments, there is no information about its acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic invertebrates. In the present study, to investigate acute and chronic toxicity of thifluzamide, daphnids were exposed to 1.25, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg/L thifluzamide for 48 h and 21 days, respectively.

6p dolomite36 30-12-2021 7 1   Download

Obesity is an important public health problem and a risk factor for many chronic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. In recent years there has been interest in the impact of nutrients on obesity and this has been addressed as a research topic. Bee bread is a bee product that has recently attracted attention with its macro- and micronutrients and the enzymes and biocomponents it contains. Although there are many studies on the biological properties and effects of bee bread, its effect on obesity with leptin and ghrelin has not been investigated.

12p dolomite36 30-12-2021 13 0   Download

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCB) have become a global threat to human health and aquatic biota around the world. While the ecotoxicity of microcystins (MC) producing cyanobacteria such as Microcystis spp. has been studied extensively, little is known about toxic effects of others filamentus cyanobacteria such as Anabaena spp. In this study, several strains of Anabaena sp. were isolated from Tri An Reservoir and cultured under laboratory conditions. Microscopic observation was used for morphological identification.

4p viwinter2711 05-10-2021 15 1   Download

The current study includes the histopathological alterations induced by chronic (20 days) exposure of the fish Anabas testudineus to a sublethal concentrations (27.5 mg/L) of inorganic fertilizer, Urea [CO(NH2)2]. Some vital organs were taken for the study that is kidney, liver, intestine, testis and ovary. The present study showed major histopathological alteration like vacuolar degenerative changes, necrosis etc. found in liver, intestine, testis, ovary and kidney organs dysfunction in response to urea toxicity effect in the fish A. testudineus.

10p chauchaungayxua12 29-07-2021 11 2   Download

The current study includes the histopathological alterations induced by chronic (20 days) exposure of the fish Anabas testudineus to a sublethal concentration (0.092 g/L) of inorganic fertilizer, Di-ammonium phosphate. Some vital organs were taken for the study that is kidney, liver, intestine, testis and ovary. The present study showed major histopathological alteration like vacuolar degenerative changes, necrosis etc. found in liver, intestine, testis, ovary and kidney organs dysfunction in response to DAP toxicity effect in the fish A. testudineus.

9p cothumenhmong11 11-05-2021 10 1   Download

Cyanide is used to extract gold from gold-bearing ore, resulting in wastewater containing cyanide compounds which is released to a tailing storage facilities (TSF). Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is highly volatile and the most toxic form of cyanide. A large gold mine in Phichit Province, Thailand uses cyanide to extract gold from ore, and cyanide contaminated waste product is released into a TSF, which is allowed to have a maximum cyanide concentration of 20 mg/l. There is great concern whether airborne HCN emissions from TSF pose a public health hazard.

8p caygaocaolon8 07-11-2020 27 2   Download

This study is aimed to examine whether the presence of non-toxic filamentous cyanobacteria can cause toxic effects on Daphnia magna. Six strains of Oscillatoria perornata were isolated from the Tri An Reservoir and cultured in our laboratory for investigation. The results revealed that all strains were negative with the mcyA moleculer marker.

10p angicungduoc7 09-09-2020 23 1   Download

The flesh fly Sarcophaga ruficornis is a pest of veterinary importance as it affects various animals reared for livestock including cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats causing myiasis, which results in huge economic loss to the livestock owners. Various attempts have been made to control this fly using different chemical formulations. Barium carbonate is highly toxic compound upon acute and chronic exposures. Barium compounds have been found to have a toxic effect on different animal models.

10p kequaidan7 01-09-2020 15 2   Download

This study aimed to enhance our insight on the potential toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the aquatic environment. To investigate the chronic toxicity of nanoparticles, freshwater micro-crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi was exposed to different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 µg/l AgNPs, and control, for 21 days.

8p viamman2711 07-08-2020 30 2   Download

Climate change is a key factor for emerging food and feed safety issues all over the world. Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins that cause developmental and immune system suppression, cancer, and death. The expected impact on the occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed is of great concern. Among mycotoxins, aflatoxins have acute and chronic toxicity that cause suppression of immune system and even cancer. Hence, its concentration in agricultural food, feed and their commodities is regulated worldwide. Fungi Aspergillus is responsible for aflatoxin contamination in maize grains.

8p chauchaungayxua5 05-05-2020 15 1   Download

Symptoms of theophylline toxicity and factors that augment the risk of developing it are well documented in the literature. However these appear to be poorly considered in clinical practice.

4p vienzym2711 30-03-2020 11 2   Download

The ameliorative effects of DL- methionine and vitamin C against chronic lead toxicity in guinea pigs were studied and a comparison was done between the two ameliorating agents against adverse effects of 20 ppm lead. 32 weaned guinea pigs were divided into four groups of 8 animals under RBD and group G1 was fed on basal diet, G2 basal diet plus 20ppm lead, G3 basal diet plus 20 ppm lead plus 20 ppm DL-methionine and the G4 basal diet plus 20 ppm lead plus 500 ppm vitamin C for 90 days.

10p chauchaungayxua3 07-02-2020 18 0   Download

In this study, we conducted a chronic toxicity assessment of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on the life history traits of Daphnia magna across three generations. In the first generation, the neonates (called F0 Daphnia) were raised in a control environment (C, toxin-free medium) or in a medium containing DEHP at three concentrations 5, 50, and 500 µgl-1, abbreviated as P5, P50, and P500, respectively. The offspring from the F0 control (called F1 Daphnia) were raised in toxin-free medium (denoted as C-C).

6p chauchaungayxua2 07-01-2020 38 1   Download

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have become a global threat to human health and aquatic biota around the world. While the ecotoxicity of cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystins (MCs) has been studied extensively, the toxicity of non-toxin producing cyanobacteria has not been evaluated to the same extent. In this study, five strains of Microcystis wesenbergii were isolated from the Tri An reservoir and cultured under laboratory conditions. Microscopic observation was used for morphological identification. The MCs concentration was measured by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

6p chauchaungayxua2 07-01-2020 36 1   Download

The main aim of this review study was to know the effects by aflatoxin of mycotoxin fungal diseases for the health hazards of silkworm Bombyx mori and series of events that led to the discovery of aflatoxin as a potent carcinogen. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 may be referred as the toxic and produced by the Aspergillus fungal diseases, among all the Aflatoxins, B1 and G1 are highly toxic to the silkworm, which is carcinogenic in nature and can be occurred immediately higher incidence in bivoltine silkworms than in multivoltine and cross breed.

10p nguaconbaynhay1 04-12-2019 20 0   Download

Pesticides such as Rogor, Endosulfan, DDT, Daminozole etc. are commonly used to meet the enormous demand of fodder crops. These exert adverse effects at both biochemical and cellular level. They cause several chronic diseases like skin diseases, cancer, liver problems, neural and hormonal diseases. Gross symptoms of damages are seen in very late stages. Thus, present investigation was undertaken to evaluate ultrastructural changes under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

4p nguathienthan1 27-11-2019 22 1   Download

The present study aimed at verifying the usefulness of dietary 2.5% bee-pollen (BP) or propolis (PROP) to overcome the genotoxic and endocrine disruptive effects of malathion polluted water in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). The acute toxicity test was conducted in O. niloticus in various concentrations (0–8 ppm); mortality rate was assessed daily for 96 h. The 96 h-LC50 was 5 ppm and therefore 1/5 of the median lethal concentration (1 ppm) was used for chronic toxicity assessment.

14p kethamoi1 17-11-2019 14 1   Download