Defense responses

VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a language for describing hardware. Its requirement emerged during the VHSIC development program of the US Department of Defense. The department organized a work shop in 1981 to lay down the specifications of a language which could describe hardware at various levels of abstractions, could generate test signals and record responses, and could act as a medium of information exchange between the chip foundries and the CAD tool operators.

44p gaconht 04-06-2011 108 29   Download

Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates the expression of defensive antioxidants and detoxification enzymes in cells. In a previous study, we showed that expression of the Nrf2 gene is regulated by an epigenetic modification. Rauvolfia verticillata, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely used in China, possesses anticancer and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated how Nrf2 is epigenetically regulated by reserpine, the main active component in R. verticillata, in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells.

11p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 18 2   Download

Kininogens are multifunctional proteins found so far mainly in mammals. They carry vasoactive kinins as well as participate in defense, blood coagulation and the acute phase response. In this study, novel kininogens were isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) by papain-affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of cod kininogen determined by MALDITOF mass spectrometry to be 51.0 kDa and it had pI values of 3.6, 3.9 and 4.4.

8p system191 01-06-2013 40 5   Download

Lactoferrin (LF) is a Fe 3+ -binding glycoprotein, first recognized in milk and then in other human epithelial secretions and barrier fluids. Many different functions have been attributed to LF, including protection from iron-induced lipid peroxidation, immunomodulation and cell growthregulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional acti-vation. Its physiological role is still unclear, but it has been suggested to be responsible for primary defense against microbial and viral infection.

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 38 3   Download

In the horseshoe crab, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces exocyto-sis by granular hemocytes, resulting in the secretion of various defense molecules, such as lectins and antimicrobial peptides, via a G protein-mediating signaling pathway. This response is a key component of the horseshoe crab innate immune response against infectious microorganisms. Here, we report an endogenous amplification mechanism for LPS-induced hemocytes exocytosis.

9p fptmusic 11-04-2013 44 2   Download

Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is a key enzyme in the 2-5A host defense system, and its activity is strictly regulated by an unusual 2¢,5¢-linked oligoadenylate (2-5A).A bipartite model, in which the N-terminal half of RNase L is responsible for the 2-5A binding and the C-terminal half alone is able to hydrolyse the substrate RNA, has been proposed on the basis of the results of deletion mutant analyses [Dong, B.& Silverman, R.H.

8p dell39 03-04-2013 29 4   Download

A novel elicitor that induces chitinases in tobacco BY-2 cells was isolated from Alternaria alternata102. Six other fungi, includingA. alternataIFO 6587, could not induce, or weakly induce chitinase activity. The purified elicitor was soluble in 75% methanol and showed the chitinase-inducing activity when applied at concentrations of as low as 25 ngÆmL )1 .

11p inspiron33 26-03-2013 37 5   Download

Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a family of cysteine-rich metalloproteins involved in cytoprotection during pathology. In mammals there are four isoforms (MT-I )IV), of which MT-I and -II (MT-I + II) are the best characterized MT proteins in the brain. Accumulating studies have demon-strated MT-I + II as multipurpose factors important for host defense responses, immunoregulation, cell survival and brain repair.

14p inspiron33 26-03-2013 30 4   Download

We used a proteomic approach to identify constitutively formed extracellu-lar proteins of Hypocrea atroviridis(Trichoderma atroviride), a known bio-control agent. The fungus was cultivated on glucose and the secretome was examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

14p inspiron33 25-03-2013 35 4   Download

Proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are properly folded with the assistance of ER chaperones. Malfolded proteins are disposed of by ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). When the amount of unfolded protein exceeds the folding capacity of the ER, human cells acti-vate a defense mechanism called the ER stress response, which induces expression of ER chaperones and ERAD components and transiently attenuates protein synthesis to decrease the burden on the ER.

29p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 57 6   Download

Reactive oxygen species contribute to the development of various human diseases. Ischemia is characterized by both significant oxidative stress and characteristic changes in the antioxidant defense mechanism. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has a potent ability to increase cell survival in response to oxidative stress. In the present study, we have investigated the protective effects of PEP-1–HSP27 against cell death and ischemic insults.

13p media19 06-03-2013 48 2   Download

A cDNA library from tobacco inoculated withRhizoctonia solaniwas con-structed, and several cDNA fragments were identified by differential hybridization screening. One cDNA clone that was dramatically repressed, NtKTI1, was confirmed as a member of the Kunitz plant proteinase inhibi-tor family. RT-PCR analysis revealed that NtKTI1was constitutively expressed throughout the whole plant and preferentially expressed in the roots and stems.

13p viettel02 19-02-2013 38 4   Download

Protect web content from those who don’t have a “need to know” Require users to authenticate using a userid/password before they are allowed access to certain URLs HTTP/1.1 requires that when a user makes a request for a protected resource the server responds with a authentication request header WWW-Authenticate contains enough pertinent information to carry out a “challenge-response” session between the user and the server

13p muathu_102 28-01-2013 51 3   Download

This Code, consisting of 24 imperatives formulated as statements of personal responsibility, identifies the elements of such a commitment. It contains many, but not all, issues professionals are likely to face. Section 1 outlines fundamental ethical considerations Section 2 addresses additional, more specific considerations of professional conduct. Section 3 pertain more specifically to individuals who have a leadership role, whether in the workplace or in a volunteer capacity such as with organizations like ACM. Section 4 addresses principles involving compliance with this Code ...

10p muathu_102 28-01-2013 59 2   Download

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in mediating pathogen responses and reactive oxygen species signaling. In plants, MAPKs are classified into four major groups (A–D). Previous stud-ies have mainly focused on groups A and B, but little is known about group C.

12p cosis54 05-01-2013 47 3   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Erwinia carotovora elicitors and Botrytis cinerea activate defense responses in Physcomitrella patens

11p panasonic06 26-12-2011 56 6   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Calcium-mediated perception and defense responses activated in plant cells by metabolite mixtures secreted by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride

9p panasonic06 26-12-2011 49 4   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Genetic transformation of cotton with a harpin-encoding gene hpaXoo confers an enhanced defense response against different pathogens through a priming mechanism

14p panasonic06 25-12-2011 62 4   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Transcriptional responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced stress in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the involvement of hormone and defense signaling pathways

13p panasonic06 25-12-2011 49 4   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học quốc tế cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Bacterial flagellin elicits widespread innate immune defense mechanisms, apoptotic signaling, and a sepsis-like systemic inflammatory response in mice...

11p coxanh_7 31-10-2011 37 3   Download