Effective mode area

In this work, we design circular lattice photonic crystal fibers using Lumerical Mode Solution software, its hollow core filled with carbon tetrachloride. Optical properties including effective refractive index, chromatic dispersion, nonlinearity, and fiber loss were investigated numerically in detail based on solving Maxwell's wave equations.

14p viambani 18-06-2024 2 1   Download

In this work, the dispersion properties and nonlinear properties of circular photonic crystal fibers were improved by a combination of carbon tetrachloride infiltration into the core and modification of the air hole diameters d1 and d2 of rings in the cladding.

16p viamancio 04-06-2024 1 0   Download

Ebook "Advances in global marketing: A research anthology" expert contributions provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary global marketing issues under different international business settings. It covers a wide array of key areas of international marketing research such as cross-cultural consumer behavior, foreign market entry modes, international entrepreneurship, international marketing strategy, country-of-origin effects, internationalization process, international buyer-seller relationships, corporate social responsibility, and international marketing performance.

517p giangdongdinh 30-05-2024 2 2   Download

This paper presents a new design of Ge20Sb5Se75 large-solid-core- square lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with the first ring of air hole near the core removed. Using the full vector finite element method for anisotropic perfectly matched layers, we numerically examine the dispersion characteristics of the PCF as a function of the wavelength in the mid-infrared range.

10p dianmotminh02 03-05-2024 3 1   Download

Germanium doped photonic crystal fibers with differences in the layers' air hole diameters in the cladding are presented to obtain flat dispersion, small effective mode area, and low attenuation property for supercontinuum generation applications. The flatness and small value of the dispersion depend on the lattice geometry when the fibers have the same germanium doping concentration.

10p viberkshire 09-08-2023 8 4   Download

The quasi-3D shear deformation theory, which takes the thickness stretching effect into account, is adopted to formulate a finite element formulation for computing vibration characteristics. The accuracy of the derived formulation is confirmed through a comparison study. The numerical result reveals that the foundation supporting area plays an important role on the vibration behavior of the plates, and the effect of the layer thickness ratio on the frequencies is governed by the supporting area.

24p nguaconbaynhay11 07-04-2021 18 1   Download

In India, monocropping is a major drawback. This is also a holding back situation for low yielding states like Assam where monocropping accounts for approximately 46% of total cultivated rice area. This rice fallow can effectively and efficiently be utilized for increasing farm income through utera cropping. In order to find the thrust area of linseed under rice utera condition, a study was conducted in large blocks in a participatory mode in farmers’ field of Nagaon district of Assam in the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 with 103 numbers of demonstrations in 40 ha of land.

4p nguaconbaynhay7 15-08-2020 10 1   Download

The characteristics of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with various air hole diameters infiltrated with alcoholic liquids such as ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol are numerically investigated. Based on the numerical results, we have analyzed and compared in detail the characteristics of these fibers including effective refractive index, effective mode area, dispersion and confinement loss for two sets of parameters {d,Λ} = {1 µm,5 µm} and {1.42 µm, 3.26 µm}, with d the air hole diameter and Λ the lattice constant, respectively.

12p nguyenxuankha_bevandan 14-08-2020 22 4   Download

Corn ranks one of the four principal crops of the world. It has greater adaptability and is grown throughout the world, over a range of climatic conditions. Maize breeding programmes generally focus on yield improvement. However, several diseases are responsible for major economic losses in maize. Sorghum downy mildew is one of the most serious diseases in maize producing areas throughout the world. Although effective chemical measures are available, breeding resistant cultivars is more cost effective and environmentally safe alternative for controlling sorghum downy mildew.

17p cothumenhmong5 17-05-2020 11 1   Download

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus share common modes of transmission i.e. by blood and blood products mainly and also noticed in drug addicts. Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus have been recognized as a major pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world including India. The most important markers for HBV and HCV infection are HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies respectively. Detection of infection markers for these agents is a major challenge in a resource poor setting.

9p trinhthamhodang3 17-02-2020 41 1   Download

Rice-Wheat cropping system pre-dominated in the India covering an area of about 10.5 million hectare. Adverse effect of continuous puddling in rice field forced scientists to search for other methods of rice establishment like direct seeding; machines transplanted and dry seeding with ZT machine and wheat by zero tillage etc. In a 3‐year study, we assessed the effects of crop establishment methods in participatory mode on farmers’ field through on farm on productivity and profitability in a rice–wheat (RW) system at Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur district of U.P.

10p nguathienthan2 26-12-2019 21 1   Download

Krishi Vigyan Kendras or Farm Science Centres have been established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in all districts of Tamil Nadu. The trust areas of KVKs are refinement and demonstration of technologies, and training of farmers, farm women, rural youth and extension functionaries. Imparting trainings in agriculture and allied fields for the rural youth is one of its mandates. Effective training is considered as an important factor in determining the efficiency of an organization which depends upon the capability of its trainees.

7p nguaconbaynhay1 04-12-2019 22 1   Download

Our study applied the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method to analyze intraseasonal variability (ISV) of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed using a 22-year monitoring data set from 10 coastal stations. Results show that the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly affected the ISO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBWO) 10-20 day periods and MaddenJulian Oscillation (MJO) 30-60 day periods of SST and wind speed at the coastal stations.

6p caygaocaolon1 13-11-2019 11 1   Download

The effectiveness of concrete structures reinforced by the high strength steel wire mesh-polymer mortar depends on the bond-slip behavior of the interface between the polymer modified cement mortar layer (referred as mortar layer) and the concrete. The areas of the mortar layer tested in the previous studies are generally very small and the obtained conclusions are with limited applications. In this study, the experimental approach was used to analyze the slip behavior of the interface between the concrete block and a larger scale mortar layer.

13p christian2605 11-10-2019 12 2   Download

This paper focuses on building research model and analyzing the main factors influencing foreign direct investment (FDI) attraction in the Southern Key Economic Region during the period of 2005 - 2016. Based on theories and empirical studies, the authors identified the key factors that affect FDI attraction in that area. Through the development of hypotheses, a quantitative research mode l with Stata software help ed to select an estimation method with reliable and effective test results.

14p queencongchua3 09-09-2019 36 2   Download

In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of the properties of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) made of borosilicate glass infiltrated by the water-ethanol mixture. We examine the influence of temperature and ethanol concentration for the refractive index, dispersion properties, effective mode area and confinement loss of the fundamental mode by a Lumerical simulation method.

13p thuyliebe 08-10-2018 37 0   Download

Chapter 3 - Pathology. This chapter presents the following content: Areas of competence, medical terminology, the nine regions of the abdomen, risk factors for disease, microorganisms, modes of disease transmission, stages of inflammation, disorders/diseases, drugs and herbal therapy, effects of physical and emotional abuse and trauma.

20p whocare_e 04-10-2016 36 3   Download

While the effects of public transportation investment can be of significant interest, longer-term travel benefits are a fundamental justification for public transportation investment that can ultimately lead to greater and more lasting impacts on an area’s economy. Direct benefits for travelers fall into four core categories: (1) travel time savings, (2) travel cost savings, (3) reliability improvements and (4) safety improvements.

54p trinhcaidat 19-04-2013 51 3   Download

Targeting fuel refiners and importers: influencing fuel supply. Measures to influence fuel supply might involve subsidies and transfers for research, development and deployment, or regulations and standards for fuel quality. Such standards are most effective when they regulate performance criteria, rather than fuel composition per se. Targeting developers and planners: influencing the built environment. Urban form and design can influence how long average trips taken in urban areas need to be, and what modes of transport are viable.

162p saimatkhauroi 01-02-2013 41 4   Download

Less than 20 years ago the field of cannabis and the cannabinoids was still considered a minor, somewhat quaint, area of research. A few groups were active in the field, but it was already being viewed as stagnating. The chemistry of cannabis was well known, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), identified in 1964, being the only major psychoactive constituent and cannabidiol, which is not psychoactive, possibly contributing to some of the effects. These cannabinoids and several synthetic analogs had been thoroughly investigated for their pharmacological effects.

754p mnemosyne75 02-02-2013 41 6   Download