Embryonic cells

Organogenesis is crucial for proper organ formation during mammalian embryonic development. However, the similarities and shared features between different organs and the cellular heterogeneity during this process at single-cell resolution remain elusive.

20p vimichaelfaraday 25-03-2022 20 1   Download

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are pluripotent and have properties similar to embryonic stem cells. In this experiment, we collected SSCs from young mouse testis and injected it into mature female mice which were irradiated with gamma rays to bring them to a near death state.

9p tamynhan8 04-11-2020 9 1   Download

During the development of multicellular organisms, both transient and stable gene expression patterns have to be established in a precisely orchestrated sequence. Evidence from diverse model organisms indicates that this epigenetic program involves not only transcription factors, but also the local structure, composition, and modification of chromatin, which define and maintain the accessibility and transcriptional competence of the nucleosomal DNA template.

6p research12 01-06-2013 33 4   Download

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are characterized by their ability, upon activation, to bind to heat shock response elements (HSE) present in the promoter of their target genes. HSE are composed of inverted repeats of the pentamer nGAAm. In this study, we compare the embryonic HSF2 protein, purified from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells tumor, and thein vitro synthesized HSF2. We show that the context of HSF2 synthesis influences its thermosensitivity and DNA-binding properties.

11p research12 29-04-2013 47 2   Download

Hsp105aisoneof themajormammalianheat shockproteins that belongs to the HSP105/110 family, and is expressed at especially high levels in the brain as compared with other tissues in mammals. Previously, we showed that Hsp105a prevents stress-induced apoptosis in neuronal PC12 cells, and is a novel anti-apoptotic neuroprotective factor in the mammalian brain.

9p research12 23-04-2013 40 1   Download

Anovel photoactivatable analog of antisauvagine-30 (aSvg-30), a specific antagonist for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor, type 2 (CRF2), has been synthesized and characterized. TheN-terminal amino-acidD-Phe in aSvg-30 [D-Phe11,His12]Svg(11)40) was replacedbyaphenyldiazirine, the 4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl (ATB) residue.

7p tumor12 22-04-2013 31 3   Download

Cdx-2 is a transactivator for the proglucagon gene in pancreatic and intes-tinal endocrine cells. Cdx-2 is also expressed in differentiated intestinal epi-thelia of nonendocrine origin. Cdx-2 –⁄ – mice are embryonic lethal, while Cdx-2 +⁄ – mutants show multiple malfunctions including the formation of intestinal polyps.

14p awards 06-04-2013 48 4   Download

SHIP2, the ubiquitous SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase, includes a series of protein interacting domains and has the ability to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 ] in vitro. The present study, which was undertaken to evaluate the impact of SHIP2 on PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels, was performed in a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model using SHIP2 deficient (–⁄–) MEF cells derived from knockout mice.

0p awards 06-04-2013 40 1   Download

We have previously reported the Ras-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p44 and p42, also termed extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1 and 2 (ERK1⁄2), mediated through Gs-coupled serotonin receptors transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Whereas G i- and Gq-coupled receptors have been shown to activate Ras through the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) called Ras-GRF1 (CDC25 Mm ) by binding of Ca 2+ ⁄calmodulin to its N-terminal IQ domain, ...

0p awards 06-04-2013 35 3   Download

Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) is a seven transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with a variety of exogenous and host-derived agonists. In order to identify domains crucial for ligand recog-nition by FPRL1, we used chimeric receptors with segments in FPRL1 replaced by corresponding amino acid sequences derived from the proto-type formyl peptide receptor FPR. The chimeric receptors were stably transfected into human embryonic kidney epithelial cells and the capacity of the cells to migrate in response to formyl peptide receptor agonists was evaluated. ...

10p awards 05-04-2013 35 3   Download

Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is densely packaged in the nucleus and organized into discrete domains of active and inactive chromatin. Gene loci that are activated during the process of cell differentiation undergo changes that result in modifications of specific histone tail residues and in loosening of chromatin structure. Theb-globin genes are expressed exclusively in eryth-roid cells.

10p dell39 27-03-2013 48 6   Download

To study the roles of the catalytic activity, propeptide, and N-glycosylation of the intracellular aspartic proteinase cathepsin E in biosynthesis, process-ing, and intracellular trafficking, we constructed various rat cathepsin E mutants in which active-site Asp residues were changed to Ala or which lacked propeptides and N-glycosylation.

11p dell39 27-03-2013 50 3   Download

Nanog is a transcription factor that plays key roles in the self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among Nanog’s 11 pseudogenes, NANOGP8 theoretically could be a retrogene, but was considered unlikely as it has not been identified in any expressed sequence tags (ESTs).

8p inspiron33 26-03-2013 50 5   Download

Several enzymes are known to accumulate in the cornea in unusually high concentrations. Based on the analogy with lens crystallins, these enzymes are called corneal crystallins, which are diverse and species-specific. Exam-ining crystallins in lens and cornea in multiple species provides great insight into their evolution.

11p inspiron33 25-03-2013 50 4   Download

The zinc-finger cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) is a strikingly conserved single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein essential for normal forebrain formation during mouse and chick embryogenesis. CNBP cDNAs from a number of vertebrates have been cloned and analysed. CNBP is mainly conformed by seven retroviral Cys-Cys-His-Cys zinc-knuckles and a glycine⁄arginine rich region box.

13p inspiron33 23-03-2013 39 3   Download

TRPM4b is a Ca 2+ -activated, voltage-dependent monovalent cation chan-nel that has been shown to act as a negative regulator of Ca 2+ entry and to be involved in the generation of oscillations of Ca 2+ influx in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Transient overexpression of TRPM4b as an enhanced green fluorescence fusion protein in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells resulted in its localization in the plasma membrane, as demonstrated by confocal fluorescence microscopy.

10p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 34 3   Download

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands act through the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret, which plays important roles during embryonic development for cell differentiation, survival, and migration. Ret signaling is markedly affected by compartmentalization of receptor complexes into membrane subdomains.

12p media19 06-03-2013 34 2   Download

We recently reported that intermittent hypoxia facilitated the proliferation of neural stem⁄progenitor cells (NPCs) in the subventricule zone and hip-pocampusin vivo. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia promoted the prolif-eration of NPCsin vitro and that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a, which is one of the key molecules in the response to hypoxia, was critical in this process.

11p media19 06-03-2013 38 1   Download

During mammalian development, it is essential that the proper epigenetic state is established across the entire genome in each differentiated cell. To date, little is known about the mechanism for establishing epigenetic modi-fications of individual genes during the course of cellular differentiation.

7p media19 06-03-2013 35 3   Download

Mannose for mammalian glycan biosynthesis can be imported directly from the medium, derived from glucose or salvaged from endogenous or external glycans. All pathways must generate mannose 6-phosphate, the activated form of mannose.

11p media19 05-03-2013 30 1   Download