Environmental medicine

Biotechnology is defined as biology-based technology using organisms or their parts to make or modify products or to improve characteristics of plants, animals, and microorganisms for the demands of human beings. This article reviews the current research, challenges, and perspectives of biotechnology as an integration of both life sciences and applied sciences.

11p vibecca 01-10-2024 3 1   Download

To determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents whose parents are separated/divorced; and to explore the factors associated with suicidal ideation and describe adverse experiences among adolescents.

9p vifaye 20-09-2024 1 1   Download

Based on life forms and used parts, distributing habitats, we suggest the medical plants at Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park would be exploited within scrubs or grasslands, agricultural ecosystems and in some areas under the canopy of plantation forests in the purpose of natural resource sustainable utilization integrated with local economic development.

8p tamynhan4 06-09-2020 65 1   Download

Ravine ecosystems are highly dynamic and completely deformatted terrain landscape. In these regions, Indigenous plant species are playing significant role in environmental rehabilitation because of their exultant survival and high adaptation to local conditions. Despite this, very little information’s available about existence of medicinal plants on the typical ravine flora. The present study attempted to explore the diversity and distribution of medicinal plant flora in the Yamuna ravines of Agra (U.P) and Chambal ravines of Kota district (Rajasthan).

13p chauchaungayxua6 26-06-2020 12 2   Download

An ecofriendly methods for the synthesis of medicinally important class of heterocyclic scaffold, pyrazole 4-carbonitrile derivatives by one pot three component reaction of malononitrile, phenyl hydrazine and aromatic aldehyde has been achieved at room temperature.

8p tocectocec 25-05-2020 6 0   Download

 Less than 3 decades ago, Robin Warren and Barry Marshall definitively identified Helicobacter pylori by culturing an organism from gastric biopsy specimens that had been visualized for almost a century by pathologists (196). In 1994, H. pylori was recognized as a type I carcinogen, and now it is considered the most common etiologic agent of infection-related cancers, which represent 5.5% of the global cancer burden (239). In 2005, Marshall and Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize of Medicine for their seminal discovery of this bacterium and its role in peptic ulcer disease

27p nguyendangbao1965 04-06-2015 43 4   Download

The K103N substitution is a frequently observed HIV-1 RT mutation in patients who do not respond to combinationtherapy. The drugs Efavirenz, MSC194 and PNU142721 belong to the recent generation of NNRTIs characterized by an improved resistance profile to the most common single point mutations within HIV-1 RT, including the K103N mutation. In the present study we present structural observations from Efavirenz in complex with wild-type protein and the K103N mutant and PNU142721 and MSC194 in complex with the K103N mutant.

8p system191 01-06-2013 41 4   Download

Trehalose metabolism is an essential component of the stress response in yeast cells. In this work we show that the products of the principal genes involved in trehalose metabolism in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, tps1+ (coding for trehalose6-P synthase, Tps1p), ntp1+ (encoding neutral trehalase, Ntp1p) and tpp1+ (that codes for trehalose-6-P phosphatase, Tpp1p), interact in vitro with each other and with themselves to form protein complexes. Disruption of the gene tps1+ blocks the activation of the neutral trehalase induced by heat shock but not by osmotic stress.

9p system191 01-06-2013 28 4   Download

Starch defines a semicrystalline polymer made of two different polysaccharide fractions. The A- and B-type crystalline lattices define the distinct structures reported in cereal and tuber starches, respectively. Amylopectin, the major fraction of starch, is thought to be chiefly responsible for this semicrystalline organization while amylose is generally considered as an amorphous polymer with little or no impact on the overall crystalline organization.

11p system191 01-06-2013 45 4   Download

Many biological C-H activation reactions exhibit nonclassical kinetic isotope effects (KIEs). These nonclassical KIEs are too large (kH/kD 7) and/or exhibit unusual temperature dependence such that the Arrhenius prefactor KIEs (AH/AD) fall outside of the semiclassical range near unity. The focus of this minireview is to discuss such KIEs within the context of the environmentally coupled hydrogen tunneling model.

9p system191 01-06-2013 37 4   Download

Recent years have witnessed high levels of activity in identifying enzyme systems that catalyse H-transfer by quantum tunneling. Rather than being restricted to a small number of specific enzymes as perceived initially, it has now become an accepted mechanism for H-transfer in a growing number of enzymes. Furthermore, H-tunneling is driven by the thermally induced dynamics of the enzyme. In some of those enzymes that break stable C–H bonds the reaction proceeds purely by quantum tunneling, without the need to partially ascend the barrier.

7p system191 01-06-2013 40 3   Download

The structure of the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from a diarrheal strain isolated in Bangladesh was studied with sugar, and methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and partial acid hydrolysis. The strain was first designated as Hafnia alvei, but later found to be a possible new species in the genus Escherichia. Two different polysaccharides were detected, a major and a minor one. The structure of the major polysaccharide is given below, while the structure of the minor one was not investigated. ...

7p system191 01-06-2013 35 6   Download

The expression of mitochondrial and hydrogenosomal ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) from plants, rat and the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus Neocallimastix spec. L2 in Escherichia coli allows a functional integration of the recombinant proteins into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. For AAC1 and AAC2 from rat, apparent Km values of about 40 lM for ADP, and 105 lM or 140 lM, respectively, for ATP have been determined, similar to the data reported for isolated rat mitochondria.

10p system191 01-06-2013 36 3   Download

Mikrobiologisches Institut der Eidgeno¨ssischen Technischen Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zu¨rich, Switzerland The membrane-bound b subunit of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase Na+ pump of Klebsiella pneumoniae catalyzes the decarboxylation of enzyme-bound biotin. This event is coupled to the transport of 2 Na+ ions into the periplasm and consumes a periplasmically derived proton. The connecting fragment IIIa and transmembrane helices IV and VIII of the b subunit are highly conserved, harboring residues D203, Y229, N373, G377, S382, and R389 that play a profound role in catalysis. ...

8p system191 01-06-2013 33 4   Download

There is extensive evidence that FcR c-chain couples to the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and becomes phosphorylated on tyrosines upon receptor cross-linking. However, it is not established whether this receptor complex is sufficient to initiate the signalling cascade. We transfected GPVI and the FcR c-chain into the human erythroleukaemia cell line K562, which lacks detectable expression of GPVI and the FcR c-chain. The results show that GPVI is unable to signal when expressed alone, despite its surface expression, upon stimulation with the snake C-type lectin, convulxin....

10p system191 01-06-2013 35 3   Download

Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is a trypsin-like serine protease expressed predominantly in the prostate epithelium. Recently, hK2 has proven to be a useful marker that can be used in combination with prostate specific antigen for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. The cleavage by hK2 of certain substrates in the proteolytic cascade suggest that the kallikrein may be involved in prostate cancer development; however, there has been very little other progress toward its biochemical characterization or elucidation of its true physiological role.

8p system191 01-06-2013 44 2   Download

VanXYC, a bifunctional enzyme from VanC-phenotype Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 that catalyses D,D-peptidase and D,D-carboxypeptidase activities, was purified as the native protein, as a maltose-binding protein fusion and with an N-terminal tag containing six histidine residues. The kinetic parameters of His6–VanXYC were measured for a variety of precursors of peptidoglycan synthesis involved in resistance: for D-Ala-D-Ala, the Km was 3.6 mM and kcat, 2.5 s)1; for UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-DAla (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide[Ala]), Km was 18.8 mM and kcat 6.

7p system191 01-06-2013 40 4   Download

Group IID secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IID), a heparin-binding sPLA2 that is closely related to sPLA2-IIA, augments stimulus-induced cellular arachidonate release in a manner similar to sPLA2-IIA. Here we identified the residues of sPLA2-IID that are responsible for heparanoid binding, are and therefore essential for cellular function.

10p system191 01-06-2013 36 5   Download

An oxidosqualene cyclase cDNA, LcIMS1, was isolated from cultured cells of Luffa cylindrica Roem. by heterologous hybridization with cDNA of Glycyrrhiza glabra b-amyrin synthase. Expression of LcIMS1 in yeast lacking endogenous oxidosqualene cyclase activity resulted in the accumulation of isomultiflorenol, a triterpene. This is consistent with LcIMS1 encoding isomultiflorenol synthase, an oxidosqualene cyclase involved in bryonolic acid biosynthesis in cultured Luffa cells.

7p system191 01-06-2013 50 5   Download

Department of Biochemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, and 2Biotechnology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ´ ´ ´ ´ Pazmany setany 1/C, Budapest, Hungary The molecular mechanism of the autolysis of rat a-chymotrypsin B was investigated. In addition to the two already known autolytic sites, Tyr146 and Asn147, a new site formed by Phe114 was identified. The former two sites and the latter one are located in the autolysis and the interdomain loops, respectivel

9p system191 01-06-2013 36 4   Download