Evolution algebra

In this book, we introduce a new type of algebra, which we call evolution algebras. These are algebras in which the multiplication tables are of a special type. They are motivated by evolution laws of genetics. We view alleles (or organelles or cells, etc,) as generators of algebras. Therefore we define the multiplication of two “alleles” Gi and Gj by Gi · Gj = 0 if i
= j. However, Gi ·Gi is viewed as “self-reproduction,” so that Gi ·Gi =
j pijGj, where the summation is taken over all generators Gj . Thus, reproduction in genetics is represented by multiplication in algebra....

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Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earth’s status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in.

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