High yield in fruit crops

Paeonia ostii is a potentially important oilseed crop because its seed yield is high, and the seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ALA biosynthesis during seed kernel, seed testa, and fruit pericarp development in this plant are unclear.

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Citrus is India's third-largest fruit crop, boosting production of 1.07 million hectares to 10.48 million tonnes (2013-14). Therefore, yields of 20-25 tonnes/ha have been recorded by some progressive growers, but average productivity is 9.78 tonnes/ha. In other countries where citrus is grown, these numbers are 40-50 tonnes, and the production life in orchards is much longer. High-strength cultivation with automatic fertilization has contributed significantly to the commercial citrus cultivation revolution in many countries.

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In this review we tried to study and discuss all those horticultural practices which enhance fruit quality, fruit production, which leads to high yield in fruit crops.

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Continuous use of chemical fertilizers without organic sources poses soil health issues whereas organic manures using alone without inorganics could not be able to fulfill the requirement of high nutrient demanding crops due to the bulk and slow-acting nature of these organic fertilizer sources. However, neither organic fertilizers nor inorganic fertilizers alone can maintain productivity. The major yield limiting factors in crops production in Indian soils are NPS deficiencies.

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Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, commonly known as ‘ladies finger’ or ‘bhindi’ is an economically important common vegetable crop cultivated throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Induced mutation is highly effective in enhancing natural genetic resources and has been used in developing improved cultivars. The effect of gamma irradiation on various morphological and yield attributing characters in M2 generation were studied.

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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the important fruit crop of arid and semiarid regions of the world belongs to family Punicaceae. This fruit crop is often cross pollinated, genetically heterozygous and appropriate natural variation is present. Traits like reducing the size of the plant in order to increase orchard plant density, selecting self fertile genotypes to maintain a higher consistent yield over time and selecting genotypes with higher nutritional value of the fruit are important for ideotype plant in pomegranate.

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Vegetables and fruits are vital constituents of human diet, as it provides necessary minerals and nutrients to human body to carry out biological reactions and provide protection against various diseases and injuries. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is consider as cash crop in Asian countries and are fine source of vitamin C, potassium, folate, vitamin K, and other bioactive compounds including, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids. Similar to other crops, tomato quality and yield is also affected by pests. Globally, approximately 37.8% of tomato yield is spoiled due to pests.

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The flowering is delayed under longer period of stress which may be due to conditions like high and low temperature and low humidity condition. Singh and Chadha (1988) advocated that imposition of stress caused uniformity in flushing and intensity depended on amount of stress as measured by relative water content (RWC) in plant before alleviation.

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated crop in the gourd family and plays an important role in our daily diet. However, the cucumber often suffers from disease during reproductive stage that affects the output and quality of cucumber. The commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to downy mildew disease which causes huge losses both in fruit quality and yield.

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The rainy crop is of inferior quality, infested with fruit flies and do not keep well, whereas the winter crop produces a better fruit quality, fetch a premium price and has a long shelf life. Hence rainy season crop is regulated to next winter season by pruning. Pruning at different timings have shown different effects on the growth, flowering and yield parameters of the crop. It‟s essential to standardize the pruning time in order to get crop with higher returns.

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Plant nutrition plays a major role in quantitative and qualitative crop production in bringing sustainability and plants require seventeen essential elements for their normal growth and development. Among these, those elements required smaller in quantity is called micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B, Cl, Mo and Ni). Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants.

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A field experiment was conducted during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 in mrig bahar crop at research field of Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC), Department of Fruit Science, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.).

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The present study was undertaken at Agriculture Research Station, Anakkayam from February- April, 2019 with objectives to study the influence of various environmental conditions on growth of brinjal (Solanum melongena) under protected and open cultivation and to analyze the impact of variations in temperature, humidity and soil moisture on plant biometric characters. The abiotic factors like temperature, humidity and soil moisture showed significant variation under different growing conditions (open field and polyhouse). Mean daily temperature (36.

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The present investigation was conducted in the Department of Fruit Crops, HC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatore during the year 2011 to 2013 at Jain Irrigation Systems Pvt. Limited Farms, (JISL), Udumalpet, to investigate the response of plant growth substances on yield and quality of pomegranate cv. Mridula under ultra high density planting (UHDP). The experiments was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatment of plant growth substances viz.

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In the recent time, pumpkin has got industrial importance with the development of pulp powder as a nutraceutical supplement to Vitamin A requirement. Pumpkin is cheaper source of Vitamin A when compared to carrot which necessitates specific climatic requirement for its production and high productivity per unit area. An experiment was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Crops, Horticulture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to find out suitable pumpkin genotype for earliness, high yield and quality.

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A field trial was conducted to study the climate change effects on quality makhana production at ICAR-RCER, Research Centre on Makhana during 2016-2017. The objectives of the study were developing new makhana production strategies to secure sustainable production under climate change or various weather conditions. High temperature and reduced humidity resulted in production of rather smaller nuts and leaves. The results revealed that makhana was a photo insensitive crop and its growth and development were markedly changed with the change of climates.

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Strawberry is an attractive, tasty, luscious and nutritious fruit grown in temperate and subtropical climate. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play important role in strawberry production which regulate plant growth, flowering and increase the yield of crops. In recent years, the interest in strawberry production has increased rapidly because of high price value and more demand. Yield increase in strawberry crops has been obtained through improved varieties, efficient management of fertilizers and various agronomic practices.

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Bitter gourd is an important commercial vegetable crop not only in India but also in whole of southeast Asia. Its fruits contain several active compounds and have many medicinal uses as evident from old texts as well as its popularity in modern medicine. Due to limited irrigation facilities and stress on natural resources, getting high yields with minimal input is vital for agriculture in the current scenario and judicious selection and use of mulching can play a big role in water conservation.

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Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) can be grown best under tropical and subtropical conditions of our country. It is of great importance because its fruits have medicinal value. As it is a warm season crop, factors like high temperature, excessive soil humidity, excessive salinity, water stress adversely affect the crop growth and yield.

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The effectiveness of the bumble bee Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was evaluated and compared to non-bumble bee pollinated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop grown under protected conditions. Some qualitative and quantitative characteristics such as day to first fruit harvest, number of fruits, fruit size, in treatments with or without bumble bee colony were recorded. Results based on measurements of mentioned parameters showed highly significant difference.

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