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Lexical language model

Xem 1-20 trên 193 kết quả Lexical language model
  • Ebook "Foundations of statistical natural language processing" includes content: Lexical acquisition, introduction, mathematical foundations, linguistic essentials, corpus based work, collocations, statistical inference - n gram models over sparse data, word sense disambiguation,.... and other contents.

    pdf704p haojiubujain07 20-09-2023 4 2   Download

  • In the model of BWP (Before-reading, While-reading, Post-reading), the researcher analyzed the gathered data to have the findings that even there are many techniques in teaching reading English, the teachers had better select suitable ones for their own students based on their levels, attitudes, motivation and goals;..

    pdf3p vipriyankagandhi 27-07-2022 8 3   Download

  • This paper defines a language Z~ for specifying LFG grammars. This enables constraints on LFG's composite ontology (c-structures synchronised with fstructures) to be stated directly; no appeal to the LFG construction algorithm is needed. We use f to specify schemata annotated rules and the LFG uniqueness, completeness and coherence principles. Broader issues raised by this work are noted and discussed.

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  • We argue that the resource sharing that is commonly manifest in semantic accounts of coordination is instead appropriately handled in terms of structure-sharing in LFG f-structures. We provide an extension to the previous account of LFG semantics (Dalrymple et al., 1993a) according to which dependencies between f-structures are viewed as resources; as a result a one-to-one correspondence between uses of f-structures and meanings is maintained.

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  • Lip until now, no automated system for these insertion tasks existed. INSYST (INserter SYSTem), we describe here, can efficiently insert lexical items under the appropriate nodes in hierarchies. It currently handles hierarchies specified in the DATR formalism (Evans and Gazdar 1989, 1990). The system uses a classification algorithm that maximizes the number of inherited features for each entry.

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  • Our poster presents results and experiences from the application of the system to 300,000 word forms, a subpart of a larger corpus. The application of the system is carried out in two steps, an automatic lexical look up followed by homograph separation, which is done partly automatically, partly manually. Lexical and morphological analysis and disambiguation of Swedish is a rather complicated task, a fact which should hold for several other languages as well. Below a sample text is given, showing both the amount of information that has to be specified for each word form and the degree of...

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  • The HPSG grammars we are using, closely resemble the proposals in [Pollard and Sag, 1987]. As far as the coding of the lexical functions is concerned, we have simply interpreted these as relation names. 3 Representation The main aim of the ET-10/?5 project, 'Collocations and the Lexicalisation of Semantic Operations '1, is to evaluate the use of Mel'~uk's analysis of collocations in terms of lexical functions 2, as an interlingun device in a machine translation system.

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  • In natural language generation (NLG), a semantic representation of some k i n d - possibly enriched with pragmatic attributes - - is successively transformed into one or more linguistic utterances. No matter what particular architecture is chosen to organize this process, one of the crucial decisions to be made is lexicalization: selecting words that adequately express the content that is to be communicated and, if represented, the intentions and attitudes of the speaker.

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  • 1 Introduction Automatic sense disambiguation has been recognised by the research community as very important for a number of natural language processing applications like information retrieval, machine translation, or speech recognition. This paper describes experiments with an algorithm for lexieal sense disambiguation, that is, predicting which of many possible senses of a word is intended in a given sentence.

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  • The formal architecture of Lexical Functional Grammar offers a particular formal device, the structural correspondence, for modularizing the mapping between the surface forms of a language and representations of their underlying meanings. This approach works well when the structural discrepancies between form and meaning representations are finitely bounded, but there are some phenomena in natural language, e.g. adverbs in English, where this restriction does not hold.

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  • We report grammar inference experiments on partially parsed sentences taken from the Wall Street Journal corpus using the inside-outside algorithm for stochastic context-free grammars. The initial grammar for the inference process makes no ,assumption of the kinds of structures and their distributions. The inferred grammar is evaluated by its predicting power and by comparing the bracketing of held out sentences imposed by the inferred grammar with the partial bracketings of these sentences given in the corpus.

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  • The interpretation of coercion constructions (to begin a book) has been recently considered as resulting from the operation of type changing. For instance, a phrase of type o (object) is coerced to a phrase of type e (event) under the influence of the predicate. We show that this procedure encounters empirical difficulties. Focussing on the begin/commencer case, we show that the coercion interpretation results both from general semantic processes and properties of the predicate, and we argue that it is best represented at the lexical level. ...

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  • The lexicons for Knowledge-Based Machine Translation systems require knowledge intensive morphological, syntactic and semantic information. This information is often used in different ways and usually formatted for a specific NLP system. This tends to make both the acquisition and maintenance of lexical databases cumbersome, inefficient and error-prone. In order to solve these problems, we have developed a program called COOL which automates the acquisition and maintenance processes and allows us to standardize and centralize the databases. ...

    pdf9p buncha_1 08-05-2013 51 2   Download

  • Semantic theories of natural language associate meanings with utterances by providing meanings for lexical items and rules for determining the meaning of larger units given the meanings of their parts. Traditionally, meanings are combined via function composition, which works well when constituent structure trees are used to guide semantic composition. More recently, the functional structure of LFG has been used to provide the syntactic information necessary for constraining derivations of meaning in a cross-linguistically uniform format. ...

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  • In this paper we present a means of defining morphonological phenomena in an inheritance based lexicon. We make use of the theory behind the formal language MOLUSC, in which morphological alternations were defined as mappings between sequences of tree-structured syllables. We discuss how the alternations can be defined in the inheritance-based lexical representation language DATR, and how the phonological aspects can be built upon to bring it closer to an integrated lexicon with representations which can be used by both the morphology and phonology of a language. ...

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  • Substantial formal grammatical and lexical resources exist in various NLP systems and in the form of textbook specifications. In the present paper we report on experimental results obtained in manual, semi-antomatic and automatic migration of entire computational or textbook descriptions (as opposed to a more informal reuse of ideas or the design of a single "polytheoretic" representation) from a variety of formalisms into the ALEP formalism.

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  • The lexical transfer phase is the most crucial step in MT because most of difficult problems are caused by lexical differences between two languages. In order to treat lexical issues systematically in transfer-based MT systems, we introduce the concept of bilingual-sings which are defined by pairs of equivalent monolingual signs. The bilingual signs not only relate the local linguistic structures of two languages but also play a central role in connecting the linguistic processes of translation with knowledge based inferences. ...

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  • In this paper we provide a quantitative evaluation of information automatically extracted from machine readable dictionaries. Our results show that for any one dictionary, 55-70% of the extracted information is garbled in some way. However, we show that these results can be dramatically reduced to about 6% by combining the information extracted from five dictionaries. It therefore appears that even if individual dictionaries are an unreliable source of semantic information, multiple dictionaries can play an important role in building large lexical-semantic databases. ...

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  • This paper discusses an implemented program that automatically classifies verbs into those that ~describe only states of the world, such as to know, and those that describe events, such as to look. It works by exploiting the con, straint between the syntactic environments in which a verb can occur and its meaning. The only input is on-line text. This demonstrates an important new technique for the automatic generation of lexical databases.

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  • One of the hardest problems for knowledge extraction from machine readable textual sources is distinguishing entities and events that are part of the main story from those that are part of the narrative structure, hnportantly, however, reported sl)eech in newspaper articles explicitly links these two levels. In this paper, we illustrate what the lexical semantics of reporting verbs must incorporate in order to contribute to the reconstruction of story and context.

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