Lithospheric mantle

Ebook "Advances in geophysic - Volume 35: Seismological structure of slabs" provides an overview of the progress made in illuminating the properties of deep slabs and the surrounding mantle, since the introduction of the plate tectonics model to the earth sciences 25 years ago. The thermal and chemical characteristics of the subducted lithosphere are determined through thermal and petrological modelling, with seismological observations providing critical constraints on model parameters.

193p giangdongdinh 28-05-2024 4 2   Download

In ebook "Biosphere origin and evolution" Modern natural science shows that the infancy of life on Earth experienced prebiotic evolution and included the emergence of primitive self-reproducing biologic forms and their systems. The subsequent coevolution of inorganic environment and biologic systems resulted in global propagation of life over the Earth and its enormous diversification. Diverse living organisms colonized the land, water, and atmosphere, as well as upper layers of the lithosphere, thereby forming the biosphere.

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The spreading of the East Vietnam Sea (EVS, also known as Bien Dong, or the South China Sea), leading to the occurrence of syn-spreading (33-16 Ma) and post-spreading (< 16 to present) volcanism. Syn-spreading magma making up thick layers of tholeiitic basalt with a geochemical composition close to the refractory and depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) is mainly distributed inside the EVS basin.

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Felsic intrusive rocks within the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex provide a window into the geodynamic processes in operation during the final closure of the Neotethys Ocean. Previous studies were largely restricted to the calc-alkaline granitoids, and the structural and petrogenetic relations of syenitoids are poorly studied.

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Melting parameter modeling shows the Nghia Dan melts generated from about 3 - 4% partial melting of a combined garnet- spinel- lherzolite source between a pressure range of 20 to 25 Kb (about 75 km deep). The parameters are consistent with the low SiO2 and high trace element, including the rare earth, contents in the Nghia Dan basalts. High FeO*, TiO2, CaO and Sr may also be a result of interaction with mafic components in the lithospheric mantle by the mantle-derived melts on the way to the surface.

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The data were interpreted for source geochemical characteristics and geodynamic processes of the lithospheric mantle beneath the region. The peridotite xenoliths being mostly spinel-lherzolites in composition, are residual entities having been produced following partial melting events of ultramafic rocks in the asthenosphere. They are depleted in trace element abundance and Sr-Nd isotopic composition. Some are even more depleted as compared to mid-ocean ridge mantle xenoliths.

21p meolep1 28-11-2018 20 0   Download

The interior structure of the earth is layered in spherical shells, like an pears. Earth has an outer silicate solid crust , a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core .The structure of the Earth can be determined in two ways, including mechanical or chemical properties such as rheology. Mechanically, we divided it into five layers, including the lithosphere, the atmosphere soft, middle coating, outer core, and inner core. On the chemical side, we split it into the crust, upper mantle, lower crust mantle, outer core and...

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Subduction is a major process that plays a first-order role in the dynamics of the Earth. The sinking of cold lithosphere into the mantle is thought by many authors to be the most important source of energy for plates driving forces. It also deeply modifies the thermal and chemical structure of the mantle, producing arc volcanism and is responsible for the release of most of the seismic energy on Earth. There has been considerable achievements done during the past decades regarding the complex interactions between the various processes acting in subduction zones.

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Petrology, New Perspectives and Applications is designed for advanced graduate courses and professionals in petrology. The book includes eight chapters that are focused on the recent advances and application of modern petrologic and geochemical methods for the understanding of igneous, metamorphic and even sedimentary rocks. Research studies contained in this volume provide an overview of application of modern petrologic techniques to rocks of diverse origins.

236p cucdai_1 16-10-2012 70 6   Download