Micronutrients for crop production

Common bean is an important staple crop in the tropics of Africa, Asia and the Americas. Particularly smallholder farmers rely on bean as a source for calories, protein and micronutrients. Drought is a major production constraint for common bean, a situation that will be aggravated with current climate change scenarios.

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Production and yield is depending upon the micro climate around the crop. So, for knowing the effect of climatic condition around the crop during production period is a main aspect in modern agriculture production system and there is need to develop a strategies to mitigate the climate affect and response of plant growth regulators and micronutrients for achieving higher fruit yield.

5p chauchaungayxua10 19-03-2021 16 1   Download

Sexual reproduction in plant is more sensitive to low B, than vegetative growth. Boron needed for growth of the pollen tube during flower pollination and therefore important for good seed set and fruit development. Boron is thought to increase nectar production by flowers, and this attracts pollinating insects. B in crop production is one of the essential micronutrient required for normal growth of most of the crops.

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A field experiment on evaluating micronutrients chelates on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was conducted during Rabi season. The field trial was sown consequently for three years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15.

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Effort was undertaken to study use of soil ameliorant, soil test based fertilizer approach for macro and micronutrients and irrigation methods which can envisage not only the productivity of crop but also sustaining soil health.

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Plant nutrition plays a major role in quantitative and qualitative crop production in bringing sustainability and plants require seventeen essential elements for their normal growth and development. Among these, those elements required smaller in quantity is called micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B, Cl, Mo and Ni). Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants.

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Underutilized vegetable crops are those which are neither grown commercially on large scale nor traded widely. Some underutilized vegetable crops are Lettuce, Asparagus, Celery, Amarnathus, Globe artichoke, Leek, Chekurmanis, and Chinese cabbage etc. These crops are considered as valuable component to attain nutritional security because of their high content of vitamins, micronutrients and proteins. Most of underutilized vegetable crops are tolerant to harsh agro-climatic conditions.

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Soil quality is one of the important factors controlling yields of the crops. Soil characterization in relation to evaluation of fertility status of the soils of an area or region is an important aspect in the context of sustainable agricultural production. Soil physicochemical parameters are more important that control its quality. Variation in nutrient supply is a natural phenomenon and some of them may be sufficient whereas others deficient.

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Regarding yield of the crops and growth regulation fertility of soil is most important but today’s scenario of agriculture farming in India is not care about it. Without any analysis farmer used unwanted and abundant quantity of fertilizer and water, both results reduce fertility of soil. For sustainable agriculture development and production, analysis, chemical composition, micronutrient, macronutrients and micro fauna from soil is must. Soil is an important natural resource and plays a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance.

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Rapeseed-mustard accounts for 19.97 per cent of the total oilseeds production in India and it is one of the major contributors to Yellow Revolution. Their yield losses due to Alternaria blight was reported in the range of 10 to 70 per cent variable. The seed quality, seed size, colour and reduction of oil up to 10 per cent and seed germination ability is also adversely affected due to this disease in addition to quantities yield losses.

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Role of vermicompost in nourishing agricultural crops has attracted the attention of researchers throughout the globe in past few decades. Vermicompost is the method of using earthworms to transform organic waste into nutrient rich compost. The earthworms’ casting is nutritive organic manure rich in humus, NPK, micronutrients, beneficial microbes, antibiotics, enzymes, growth hormones, etc. There are many reports in literature showing beneficial effects of imbedding vermicompost in soil.

14p nguathienthan5 04-06-2020 18 0   Download

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major oilseed crop of our country and edible oil economy primarily depends upon groundnut production. Intensive cropping leads to deficiency of secondary and micronutrients, which is the main constraint for low yield of groundnut. Field experiment was conducted at agricultural college farm, Mahanandi during rabi season, 2015-16 to study the response of groundnut to secondary and micronutrients.

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Agronomic practices of present era mainly focused on huge production of cereals and other food crops in more sustainable mode for challenging incessantly raising global population. However, rigorous cropping patterns and other environmental factors resulted into reduce micronutrients concentration in crop plants. Large human population relies on such crops for staple food engenders risk of micronutrient deficiency, also narrated as „hidden hunger‟.

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The increase in population and reduction of available land and water resources are major concern for agriculture to meet food requirement. The possible growth in agriculture can be achieved by increasing productivity through soil, water and nutrient management supported by an effective use of modern technology like nanotechnology. The small size, high specific surface area and reactivity of nano fertilizers compared to bulk fertilizers may increase the solubility, diffusion and availability of nutrients to plants and enhance crop productivity.

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The role of Zn as micronutrient in healthy growth of plants is very important. The microorganisms present in phyllospheric environment have capability to increase micronutrient availability to plants. Total forty eight isolates were obtained from five different crops (wheat, mustard, cotton, pearl millet and moong). All isolates were characterized for different plant growth promoting attributes i.e., production of ammonia, IAA, and solubilization of Zinc, Phosphate. Among all isolates total 87.5 % showed IAA and Ammonia production in different range. Total 72.91 % Zn solubalization and 60.

8p nguathienthan4 18-04-2020 27 1   Download

A field study was conducted at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur during summer season of 2011-12 to explore the possibilities of enhancing the productivity of bitter gourd with better quality by foliar application of different micronutrients in view of rising temperature. Fifteen treatments were arranged in randomized block design replicated thrice. The plot size used for raising the crop was 3.0m x 3.0m and the spaying of micronutrients was done at 30, 40 and 50 days after sowing. The data were recorded on growth, yield and quality traits of bitter gourd.

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The occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies in crops has increased markedly in recent years due to intensive cropping, soil erosion, leaching, liming of acid soils, reduced use of manures, increased purity of chemical fertilizers and use of marginal lands for crop production. Among the micronutrients, the boron plays an important role in flowering and fertilization process and hence boosting yield and quality of crop produce.

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Fruit Crops yield and quality significantly increase with the use of micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), etc. Zinc (Zn) has an important metabolically role in plants vegetative and reproductive phases; growth and development; is therefore called an essential trace element or a micronutrient.

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The decline in the rice crop responses to applied fertilizer nutrients, inter alia, could be ascribed to emerging nutrient deficiencies on account of modern era of agriculture and inadequate or imbalanced application of fertilizers. It has become increasingly recognized around the world that N, P and K fertilizers alone are not always sufficient to provide balanced nutrition for optimal rice yields and quality, therefore, application of secondary and micronutrient elements has to be made.

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A Study was undertaken to evaluate the fertility status of Jaijaipur block in Janjgir- Champa district, Chhattisgarh covering 105 villages during 2011- 2012. The systematic collection of samples in geo–referenced surface (0- 0.15m) soils samples from 1507 sites representing Inceptisols. using Global Positioning System. The samples were analyze for DTPA-extractable zinc, copper, iron, manganese content for delineation of the fertility status in relation to salient physico-chemical characteristics.

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