Mitochondrial

Isaria cicadae, currently identified as Paecilomyces cicadae (Miq.) Samson (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycetes), is a parasitic fungus on cicadas and is considered a folk medicine in traditional medicine. In this research, the antioxidant activity of some extracts from the biomass and fruit bodies of Isaria cicadae F0004 isolated in Vietnam was investigated.

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The Tajima’s test indicated that the analysed population in balancing selection with a D-value of 2.39. A phylogenetic tree based on 455 bp of hypervariable mtDloop sequence classified 17 Bang Troi chicken individuals into three clades A, B, and E, which are common groups of Vietnamese and Asia indigenous chickens. This result provides the first genetic information and maternal lineages of Bang Troi chickens and it can support for registration of local chicken breeds.

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Ebook "Mitochondria and cancer" presents thorough analyses of mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the hallmarks of cancer, discusses the clinical implications of mitochondrial defects in cancer, and as unique cellular targets for novel and selective anti-cancer therapy. These include differences in mitochondrial metabolic activity, molecular composition of mitochondria and mtDNA sequence, as well as in alteration of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins.

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Ebook "Plant mitochondria" provides a comprehensive inside in the field of plant mitochondria for the specialist. The addition of a glossary and text boxes to each chapter provides easy access for readers from other subjects and hopefully will attract young scientist to the fascinating and exiting field of plant mitochondria.

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Ebook "Folding for the synapse" addresses the current view on how protein folding and misfolding, controlled by molecular chaperones, contribute to synapse function and dysfunction. Molecular chaperones have been studied in relation to de novo protein folding, but there is increasing awareness that chaperone function is required for the regulation of protein dynamics when functioning physiologically as an isolated moiety or part of a protein complex.

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Ebook "Sperm chromatin: Biological and clinical applications in male infertility and assisted reproduction" covers the fundamental principles of sperm chromatin architecture and function, the proposed modes of DNA damage and repair, the tests of sperm DNA damage, the clinical aspects of DNA damage and the impact of DNA damage on reproductive outcome.

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Ebook "Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: Nuclear-encoded genes, enzyme regulation, and pathophysiology" focuses on new developments in mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and evolution, as well as in structure and regulatory functions of the enzyme complexes of OxPhos by experts in their fi elds. Particular emphasis is given to the oxygen consuming enzyme of the respiratory chain, cytochrome c oxidase, representing a controlling step of OxPhos.

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Ebook "Mitochondria and cell death" examines the role of mitochondria in different types of cell death, including apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths. Topics discussed include mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the permeability transition pore; core processes such as calcium handling, fission and fusion, reactive oxygen species generation, and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA fidelity and protein folding homeostasis; and retrograde signaling between mitochondria and other cellular components, including the important role of mitochondria in antiviral immunity.

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Ebook "Cell biology of the axon" focus on endogenous cytoskeletal systems that structurally organize the axon, confer tensile strength, and mediate intracellular transport and growth cone motility. Specifically, Shea et al. address issues of how organizational dynamics of neurofilaments are regulated, including mechanisms of transport, and how dysregulation of transport can contribute to motor neuron disease.

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Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) has been associated with a variety of aging-related diseases, including all-cause mortality. However, the mechanism by which mtDNA-CN influences disease is not currently understood. One such mechanism may be through regulation of nuclear gene expression via the modification of nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation.

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Several articles suggest that DNA methylation levels in blood relate to Parkinson’s disease (PD) but there is a need for a large-scale study that involves suitable population based controls.

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The mitochondrial genome is transcribed as continuous polycistrons of RNA containing multiple genes. As a consequence, post-transcriptional events are critical for the regulation of gene expression and therefore all aspects of mitochondrial function.

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Mitochondrial presequence proteases perform fundamental functions as they process about 70 % of all mitochondrial preproteins that are encoded in the nucleus and imported posttranslationally. The mitochondrial intermediate presequence protease MIP/Oct1, which carries out precursor processing, has not yet been established to have a role in human disease.

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Colorectal adenocarcinomas are characterized by abnormal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and genomic instability, but a molecular interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genome remains unknown. Here we report the discovery of increased copies of nuclear mtDNA (NUMT) in colorectal adenocarcinomas, which supports link between mtDNA and genomic instability in the nucleus.

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Neuroinflammation and immune responses occurring minutes to hours after stroke are associated with brain injury after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), as a master coregulator of gene expression in mitochondrial biogenesis, was found to be transiently upregulated in microglia after AIS. However, the role of microglial PGC-1α in poststroke immune modulation remains unknown.

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ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial membrane-anchored protein involved in diverse processes including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA organization, and cholesterol metabolism.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with metastases being the main cause of cancer-related death. Here, we investigated the genomic and transcriptomic alterations in matching adjacent normal tissues, primary tumors, and metastatic tumors of CRC patients.

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In ebook "Mitochondria: The dynamic organelle" the term mitochondrion is derived from Latin, with mitos meaning thread and chondrion meaning granules. Indeed, under the light microscope, mitochondria often appear as rods or granules within the cytoplasm. For decades after initial visualization of mitochondria by light microscopy, mitochondrial function remained clouded.

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Ebook "Protein metabolism and homeostasis in aging (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Volume 694)" provided of the current knowledge in the area, including protein synthesis, accuracy and repair, post-translational modifications, degradation and turnover, and how they define and influence aging. The chapters mainly focus on well-characterised factors and pathways, but new areas are also presented, where associations with aging are just being elucidated by current experimental data.

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Ebook "Programmed cell death in cancer progression and therapy (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Volume 615)" give a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms that are involved in mediating and regulating PCD in cancer. We also provide a detailed indication of the utility of PCD in cancer therapy. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers investigating the role of PCD in cancer and other diseases, researchers investigating the molecular mechanism of chemotherapeutic agents and drug-resistance in cancer and for physicians using chemotherapeutic agents.

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