Mitochondrial

1. Thành phần hóa học của màng tế bào Thành phần cấu tạo của màng tế bào chủ yếu là protein và lipid với những tỉ lệ khác nhau ở những đối tượng khác nhau: - Lớp myelin 18% Protein 76% lipid - Vách ngăn mitochondri 76% Protein 24% lipid - Màng hồng cầu người 44-49% Protein 43-52% lipid 203 Ngoài ra trên màng còn có đường , muối khoáng

64p suatuoi_nguyenchat 18-07-2011 537 65   Download

Early metabolic steps, including glycolysis and the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, yield a two-carbon fragment called an acetyl group, which is linked to a large cofactor known as coenzyme A (or CoA). It is during the citric acid cycle that acetyl-CoA is oxidized to the waste product, carbon dioxide, along with the reduction of the cofactors NAD+ and ubiquinone

94p zingzing09 21-10-2012 58 9   Download

Vietnam, a nation with a rich and complex history of migration and settlement, is home to 5 fundamental language families: Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), SinoTibetan (ST) and Hmong-Mien (HM). Among them is the Austronesian, a language family substantial in island Southeast Asia (ISEA) but marginal in mainland counterpart (MSEA), constituted five Vietnamese ethnolinguistic groups. Here, we analyzed the control region, and the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 121 individuals from 3 AN-speaking populations (Churu, Ede, and Giarai).

10p myhouse01 09-11-2024 2 1   Download

Research purpose: Determine the composition, structure of mitochondrial genome, compare the difference in sequence, identify specific genetic characteristics of the six indigenous pig breeds, thereby contributing to the database to identification and conservation.

27p extraenglish 24-05-2021 26 4   Download

Collecting complete data of mitochondrial genome of 6 indigenous pig breeds in Vietnam (I, Mong Cai, Muong Lay, Huong, Muong Khuong and Ha Lang pigs) and deposited on the Genebank; determine the composition, structure of mitochondrial genome, compare the difference in sequence, identify specific genetic characteristics of the six indigenous pig breeds, thereby contributing to the database to identification and conservation.

27p capheviahe26 25-01-2021 15 4   Download

Evaluate genetic diversity of Lien Minh chickens based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region; determine the genetic relationship and the origin of Lien Minh chickens; identif genetic relationships between candidate genes and egg yield traits in Lien Minh chickens.

27p kequaidan7 01-09-2020 33 3   Download

Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calciumbinding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although it is known that aralar1 is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart and brain, whereas citrin is present in liver, kidney and heart, the precise tissue distribution of the two proteins in embryonic and adult tissues is largely unknown....

8p system191 01-06-2013 39 4   Download

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bari, Italy; 2Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari, Italy; 3Center for the Study of Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism (CNR) Bari, Italy Mitochondrial bioenergetic impairment has been found in the organelles isolated from rat liver during the prereplicative phase of liver regeneration.

9p system191 01-06-2013 35 4   Download

The expression of mitochondrial and hydrogenosomal ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) from plants, rat and the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus Neocallimastix spec. L2 in Escherichia coli allows a functional integration of the recombinant proteins into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. For AAC1 and AAC2 from rat, apparent Km values of about 40 lM for ADP, and 105 lM or 140 lM, respectively, for ATP have been determined, similar to the data reported for isolated rat mitochondria.

10p system191 01-06-2013 37 3   Download

Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial innermembrane protein abundantly expressed in rodent and human skeletal muscle which may be involved in energy dissipation. Many studies have been performed on the metabolic regulation of UCP3 mRNA level, but little is known about UCP3 expression at the protein level. Two populations of mitochondria have been described in skeletal muscle, subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF), which differ in their intracellular localization and possibly also their metabolic role....

7p system191 01-06-2013 36 4   Download

Mitochondrial functional and structural impairment and generation of oxidative stress have been implicated in aging, various diseases and chemotherapies. This study analyzed azidothymidine (AZT)-caused failures in mitochondrial functions, in redox regulation and activation of the HIV-1 gene expression. We monitored intracellular concentrations of ATP and glutathione (GSH) as the indicators of energy production and redox conditions, respectively, during the time-course experiments with U937 and MOLT4 human lymphoid cells in the presence of AZT (0.05 mgÆmL)1) or H2O2 (0.01 mM) for 15–25 days.

7p system191 01-06-2013 43 3   Download

Departamento de Fisiologıa de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion ‘Salvador Zubiran’, Mexico; ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ Departamento de Patologıa Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion ‘Salvador Zubiran’,Mexico; 3Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA Branched chain amino-acid aminotransferase (BCAT) activity is present in fetal liver but the developmental pattern of mitochondrial BCAT (BCATm) expression in rat liver has not been studied.

8p system191 01-06-2013 48 6   Download

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is a cytotoxic effector molecule produced by macrophages that results in Fe mobilization from tumour target cells which inhibits DNA synthesis and mitochondrial respiration. It is well known that NO has a high affinity for Fe, and we showed that NO-mediated Fe mobilization is markedly potentiated by glutathione (GSH) generated by the hexose monophosphate shunt [Watts, R.N. & Richardson, D.R. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 4724–4732]. We hypothesized that GSH completes the coordination shell of an NO–Fe complex that is released from the cell.

10p research12 01-06-2013 49 3   Download

Cellular manifestations of aging are most pronounced in postmitotic cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes. Alterations of these cells, which are responsible for essential functions of brain and heart, are particularly important contributors to the overall aging process. Mitochondria and lysosomes of postmitotic cells suffer the most remarkable age-related alterations of all cellular organelles.

7p research12 01-06-2013 41 5   Download

A severe challenge to the idea that mitochondrial DNA mutations play a major role in the aging process in mammals is that clear loss-of-function mutations accumulate only to very low levels (under 1% of total) in almost any tissue, even by very old age. Their accumulation is punctate: some cells become nearly devoid of wild-type mitochondrial DNA and exhibit no activity for the partly mitochondrially encoded enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Such cells accumulate in number with aging, suggesting that they survive indefinitely, which is itself paradoxical....

7p research12 01-06-2013 27 3   Download

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations accumulate with age in tissues of a variety of species. Although the relatively low calculated abundance of these deletion mutations in whole tissue homogenates led some investigators to suggest that these mutations do not have any physiological impact, their focal and segmental accumulation suggests that they can, and do, accumulate to levels sufficient to affect the metabolism of a tissue.

6p research12 01-06-2013 24 4   Download

Most (78%) mitochondrial genomes in the studied mutant strain of Drosophila subobscura have undergone a large-scale deletion (5 kb) in the coding region. This mutation is stable, and is transmitted intact to the offspring. This animal model of major rearrangements of mitochondrial genomes can be used to analyse the involvement of the nuclear genome in the production and maintenance of these rearrangements.

8p research12 01-06-2013 51 6   Download

The citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central element of higher-plant carbon metabolism which provides, among other things, electrons for oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane, intermediates for aminoacid biosynthesis, and oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis from succinate derived from fatty acids via the glyoxylate cycle in glyoxysomes. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a typical mitochondrial pathway and is widespread among a-proteobacteria, the group of eubacteria as de®ned under rRNA systematics from which mitochondria arose. ...

16p research12 01-06-2013 43 3   Download

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is the primary regulator of flux through the mitochondrial pyruvate dehy-drogenase complex (PDC).Analysis of the primary amino-acid sequences of PDK from various sources reveals that these enzymes include the five domains characteristic of prokaryotic two-component His-kinases, despite the fact that PDKexclusivelyphosphorylates Ser residues in theE1a subunit of the PDC.This seeming contradiction might be resolved if the PDK-catalyzed reaction employed a phos-pho-His intermediate....

6p research12 29-04-2013 45 4   Download

The uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are thought to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria and thus generate heat. One of the UCP isoforms, UCP3, is abun-dantly expressed in skeletal muscle, the major thermogenic tissue in humans. UCP3 has been overexpressed at high levels inyeast systems,where it leads to theuncouplingof cell respiration, suggesting that UCP3may indeed be capable of dissipating the mitochondrial proton gradient.

9p research12 29-04-2013 40 3   Download