Prokaryotic organisms

Ebok "The prokaryotes: Firmicutes and tenericutes (Fourth edition)" is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups.

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Ebook "The prokaryotes: A handbook on the biology of bacteria (Volume 7: Proteobacteria: Delta and epsilon subclasses. Deeply rooting bacteria)" will make up this new fully revised and updated version. Compared to the second edition, this edition will contain 85% new contents, printed in color throughout. It will be ideally suited for research centers in academia and in the corporate world that need reliable and up-to-date information on the biology of the prokaryotic organisms.

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Part 2 book "Campylobacter spp. and related organisms in poultry - Pathogen-host interactions, diagnosis and epidemiology" includes content: A glance at prokaryotes and eukaryotes interplay and campylobacter jejuni–host interaction; epidemiology of campylobacter in farms; control of campylobacter spp. in commercial poultry production; campylobacter spp.: capacity of biofilm formation and other strategies of survival and adaption to remain in the poultry industry; antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp.

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The Phenomenon of codon usage bias exists in the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The codon usage pattern is afected by environmental factors, base mutation, gene fow and gene expression level, among which natural selection and mutation pressure are the main factors. The study of codon preference is an efective method to analyze the source of evolutionary driving forces in organisms.

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In many prokaryotic genera a clustered phylogeny is observed, akin to the occurrence of species in sexually reproducing organisms. For some taxa, homologous recombination has been invoked as the underlying mechanism providing genomic cohesion among conspecific individuals. Whether this mechanism is applicable to prokaryotes in freshwaters with low habitat connectivity – i.e. elevated geographic barriers to gene flow – is unclear.

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Among naturally occurring small molecules, tRNA-derived cyclodipeptides are a class that have attracted attention for their diverse and desirable biological activities. However, no tools are available to link cyclodipeptide synthases identified within prokaryotic genome sequences to their chemical products. Consequently, it is unclear how many genetically encoded cyclodipeptides represent novel products, and which producing organisms should be targeted for discovery.

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Biological adhesion (bioadhesion), enables organisms to attach to surfaces as well as to a range of other targets. Bioadhesion evolved numerous times independently and is ubiquitous throughout the kingdoms of life.

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Heat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hsfs can not only help organisms resist high temperature, but also participate in the regulation of plant growth and development (such as involved in the regulation of seed maturity and affects the root length of plants).

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The deep ocean is characterized by low temperatures, high hydrostatic pressures, and low concentrations of organic matter. While these conditions likely select for distinct genomic characteristics within prokaryotes, the attributes facilitating adaptation to the deep ocean are relatively unexplored

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Chapter 7 - A tour of the cell. This chapter distinguish between the following pairs of terms: magnification and resolution, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, free and bound ribosomes, smooth and rough ER; describe the structure and function of the components of the endomembrane system; briefly explain the role of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.

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Chapter 19 - The organization and control of eukaryotic genomes. After reading this chapter and attending lecture, the student should be able to: Compare the organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, describe the current model for progressive levels of DNA packing, explain how histones influence folding in eukaryotic DNA,...

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Next generation sequencing technology has allowed efficient production of draft genomes for many organisms of interest. However, most draft genomes are just collections of independent contigs, whose relative positions and orientations along the genome being sequenced are unknown.

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Estimating the phylogenetic position of bacterial and archaeal organisms by genetic sequence comparisons is considered as the gold-standard in taxonomy. This is also a way to identify the species of origin of the sequence.

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Prokaryotes are asexual, but these organisms frequently engage in homologous recombination, a process that differs from meiotic recombination in sexual organisms. Most tools developed to simulate genome evolution either assume sexual reproduction or the complete absence of DNA flux in the population.

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Human mitochondrial peptide deformylase (PDF) has been proposed as a novel cancer therapeutic target. However, very little is known about its expression and regulation in human tissues. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of PDF in cancerous tissues and to identify mechanisms that regulate its expression.

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Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic prokaryotes lacking cell wall, inhabiting phloem sieve elements in infected plants and have a unique life cycle among pathogens as they invade organisms of two distinct kingdoms, namely Plantae (plants) and Animalia (insects) and replicate intracellularly in both of them. Effectors are proteins secreted by a microbial pathogen into a host cell to enhance colonization and facilitate multiplication of the pathogens. In plants these effectors unload from the phloem to access distant tissues and alter basic developmental processes.

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Fluorescence microscopy allows an extensive variety of analyzes in structural biology. Until the beginning of the seventeenth century living beings were limited to macroscopic organisms only, and there was no knowledge of the microscopic universe. Epi-fluorescence and Confocal microscopy appears in 1995 by Marvin Minsky with the aim of increasing the contrast and constructing three-dimensional images by the use of an aperture, allowing a great definition.

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Endophytes are the organisms that live within plant tissues and spend at least a half of their life time without causing disease under any circumstances. So, the endophytes are commonly defined as those organisms whose infections are inconspicuous and symptomless in host tissue and internal microbial colonization. Both prokaryote (bacteria) and eukaryotes (fungi) colonize the plant tissues exhibiting a little variation in their colonization mode. The former colonize intracellularly in vascular tissues and the later shows asymptomatic colonization either inter or intracellularly.

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This chapter distinguish between the following pairs of terms: magnification and resolution, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, free and bound ribosomes, smooth and rough ER; describe the structure and function of the components of the endomembrane system; briefly explain the role of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes;...

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After completing this unit, you should be able to: Describe the structural organization of the prokaryotic genome and the eukaryotic genome; list the phases of the cell cycle; describe the sequence of events during each phase; list the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase;...

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