Risk estimates directly

Studies have shown that low haemoglobin and anaemia are associated with poor cognition, and anaemia is known to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the mechanism of this risk is unknown. Here, we first seek to confirm the association between cognition and anaemia and secondly, in order to further understand the mechanism of this association, to estimate the direction of causation using Mendelian randomisation.

12p vibransone 28-03-2024 3 2   Download

Excess body weight (EBW), herein defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 , is a well-known modifiable risk factor for cancer and a pivotal vector for growing healthcare costs. We estimated the future (2030) federal direct healthcare costs of cancer in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) attributable to EBW.

10p viferrari 28-11-2022 7 2   Download

The combustion of biomass and coal significantly contributes to the total health burden due to the emission of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. To determine the personal exposure related to beehive coal stove cooking in Hanoi, an assessment study on 120 females in three wards (Tran Hung Dao, Phuc Tan, and Chuong Duong) of Ha Noi city, Viet Nam was conducted. Personal and ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and CO (upwind, nearsource, far-source) were simultaneously measured twice a day at each household by PATS++ equipment developed by Berkeley Air Monitoring group.

8p angicungduoc5 13-06-2020 17 2   Download

The directional distance function and semi-parametric framework are employed to estimate efficiency scores for two scenarios, one with only good outputs and the other with a combination of good and bad outputs.

15p nguathienthan5 03-06-2020 21 2   Download

The use of biomarkers has expanded considerably, as an alternative to questionnaire-based metrics of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); few studies have assessed the affect of such alternative metrics on diverse respiratory outcomes in children, and we aimed to do so.

5p vivalanbo2711 19-03-2020 9 1   Download

This makes them difficult to take decision immediately. They take time to analyze the alerts and come to a conclusion for directions for taking actions. The security risk estimation and resolving the security problem depends on quick understanding of alerts. The bulk of alerts given by low level intrusion detection systems make it time consuming to arrive at decisions.

6p byphasse043256 24-03-2019 30 2   Download

Estimation of large quantiles of an unknown distribution function is a statistical problem of great practical importance. Let us mention estimation of the Value-at-Risk parameter for a given financial portfolio as an important problem that directly involves high quantile estimators.

14p vinguyentuongdanh 19-12-2018 26 0   Download

Maharashtra have estimated adult HIV prevalence less than one per cent. While all high prevalence states had shown decline in prevalence between 2006 and 2009, rising trends are noted in some new states namely Orissa, Assam, Chandigarh, Kerala, Jharkhand and Meghalaya. It may be noted that though prevalence is declining, in terms of absolute numbers, it may not be so because of large population size. The epidemic in India is higher in urban areas than rural areas and greater among males than females.

82p nhamnhiqa 01-03-2013 47 1   Download

We are experiencing rapid growth rate of urbanization, motorization and industrialization. Our overwhelming dependence on fossil fuel to drive our daily life and economic activities has led to releasing of various green house gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere resulting in degrading of the quality of air in the urban areas and global problem of climate change. Degrading of the quality of air in the urban areas has put at risk the lives of millions of people under direct threat due to health impacts associated with air pollution.

74p saimatkhauroi 01-02-2013 56 4   Download

Lead is the most pervasive pollutant found in the Blacksmith Institute’s database and is a well-documented health hazard. The Blacksmith Institute has identified over 500 sites polluted by lead, putting an estimated 16 million people at risk. Based on the Blacksmith Institute’s investigations, the top sources contributing to lead pollution, by population, are lead smelting, mining and ore processing, industrial estates and lead-acid battery recycling and manufacturing.

38p saimatkhauroi 01-02-2013 61 3   Download

This has given rise to concerns about oil palm expansion contributing to the loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and social conflict due to a fail- ure to recognize local land rights.With expected further increases in palm oil demand, directing plantation expansion away from standing forest toward degraded grassland areas will be important. Estimates suggest that the area available under these degraded areas is at least double what is needed to satisfy increased demand over the next decade.

34p enterroi 02-02-2013 34 3   Download

We use these theoretical underpinning to specify estimable equations for the supply of and demand for corporate credit. Since theory does not provide clues as to the possible structural forms of these equations we basically rely on reduced forms. Data considerations, in particular, the availability of relevant statistical data, also has played a certain role in the specification of these equations.

58p enterroi 01-02-2013 42 6   Download

The wealth of data now available allows us to estimate which quantitative indicators are weighed most heavily in the determination of ratings, to evaluate the predictive power of ratings in explaining a cross-section of sovereign bond yields, and to measure whether rating announcements directly affect market yields on the day of the announcement. Our investigation suggests that, to a large extent, Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s rating assignments can be explained by a small number of well-defined criteria, which the two agencies appear to weigh similarly.

18p enter1cai 12-01-2013 73 2   Download

Impacts: The economic burden of mental illness in Canada in 1998 was estimated at $4.7B in direct costs (hospital & institutional care, physician care, and prescription medications) and $3.2B in indirect costs (short-term sick days, long-term disability, and premature death). 15 People with mental retardation have a life-long handicap that produces an enormous social, emotional and financial burden on the families and communities in which they live.

0p connhobinh 10-12-2012 53 1   Download

The decision to invest in stocks requires not only an assessment of the risk-return trade-off given the existing data, but also an act of faith (trust) that the data in our possession are reliable, that the overall system is fair. Episodes like the collapse of Enron may change not only the distribution of expected payoffs, but the fundamental trust in the system that delivers those payoffs. Most of us will not enter a three-card game played on the street, even after observing a lot of rounds (and thus getting an estimate of the “true” distribution of payoffs).

0p connhobinh 07-12-2012 40 2   Download