The theory argues

phonetic changes, for example, includes things that have been said before, and perhaps more definitively; but, aside from the fact that this part contains many valuable and original details, even a superficial reading will show to what extent its omission would detract from an understanding of the principles upon which F. de Saussure erects his system of static linguistics. We are aware of our responsibility to our critics. We are also aware of our responsibility to the author, who probably would not have authorized the publication of these pages.

39p chieu_mua 22-08-2012 51 13   Download

From one of the most influential economists of the modern era, Keynes and his "General Theory" shaped economic thought and government policies for decades to come. Out of this magnum opus arose the Keynesian school of economics. Keynes argues that the level of employment in a modern economy was determined by three factors: the marginal propensity to consume (income that people chose to spend on goods and services), the marginal efficiency of capital (the rate used to see whether investments are worthy) and the rate of interest.

263p thanhminh1506 01-12-2009 198 113   Download

With globalisation and knowledge-based production, firms may cooperate on a global scale, outsource parts of their administrative or productive units and negate location altogether. The extremely low transaction costs of data, information and knowledge seem to invalidate the theory of agglomeration and the spatial clustering of firms, going back to the classical work by Alfred Weber (1868-1958) and Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), who emphasized the microeconomic benefits of industrial collocation.

22p nguyenngocsonctu 02-12-2010 63 7   Download

What does 'anticapitalism' really mean for the politics and culture of the twenty-first century? Anticapitalism is an idea which, despite going global, remains rooted in the local, persisting as a loose collection of grassroots movements and actions. Anticapitalism needs to develop a coherent and cohering philosophy, something which cultural theory and the intellectual legacy of the New Left can help to provide, notably through the work of key radical thinkers, such as Ernesto Laclau, Stuart Hall, Antonio Negri, Gilles Deleuze and Judith Butler. Anticapitalism and Culture argues that t...

271p konbetocroi 07-01-2013 42 6   Download

In this paper we critically evaluate the standard-setting inferences that can be drawn from value relevance research studies that are motivated by standard setting. Our evaluation concentrates on the theories of accounting, standard setting and valuation that underlie those inferences. Unless those underlying theories are descriptive of accounting, standard setting and valuation, the value-relevance literature’s reported associations between accounting numbers and common equity valuations have limited implications or inferences for standard setting; they are mere associations.

73p bin_pham 06-02-2013 21 3   Download

This paper argues that developmental patterns in child language be taken seriously in computational models of language acquisition, and proposes a formal theory that meets this criterion. We first present developmental facts that are problematic for statistical learning approaches which assume no prior knowledge of grammar, and for traditional learnability models which assume the learner moves from one UG-defined grammar to another. In contrast, we view language acquisition as a population of grammars associated with "weights", that compete in a Darwinian selectionist process. ...

7p bunrieu_1 18-04-2013 15 2   Download

Starting from the assumption that machine translation (MT) should be based on theoretically s o u n d grounds, we argue that, given the state of the a r t , the only v i a b l e solution for the designer of software tools for MT, is to provide the linguists building the MT system with a generator of highly specialized, problem oriented systems. We propose that such theory sensitive systems be generated automatically by supplying a set of definitions to a kernel software, of which we give an informal description in the paper. We give...

10p bungio_1 03-05-2013 28 2   Download

I will argue in this paper that the standard notions of a f f e c t e d n e s s , change-of-state and result state are too coarse-grained, and will revise and enrich substantially their content, increasing their role in a compositional aspect construal procedure. I will claim in particular that a proper theory of event structure requires that enriched result states should be lexically represented, and will base on them a computational treatment of event structure within a feature-structure-based lexicon. ...

4p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 17 2   Download

What is the relationship between syntax, prosody and phonetics? This paper argues for a declarative constraint-based theory, in which each step in a derivation adds diverse constraints to a pool. Some of these describe well formed objects in the feature structure domain, in terms of both syntactic and prosodic features. Some characterise the relative prominence of constituents as a partial order over some discrete domain (playing the role of metrical grid). Some are simultaneous equations in the reals, whose solutions represent the pitch level of phonetic objects - high and low tones....

8p buncha_1 08-05-2013 24 1   Download

Theory argues that R&D intensity and acquisition activity may be either directly or inversely related. However, empirically we know relatively little about which firms are responsible for acquisition activity in high-technology industries.

28p chuotchuot09 03-12-2015 11 1   Download

This is an introductive study on what Fuzzy Logic is, on the difference between Fuzzy Logic and the other many-valued calculi and on the possible relationship between Fuzzy Logic and the complex sciences. Fuzzy Logic is nowadays a very popular logic methodology. Different kinds of applications in cybernetics, in software programming and its growing use in medicine seems to make Fuzzy Logic, according to someone, the “new” logic of science and technology.

516p bachduong1311 10-12-2012 39 17   Download

In this study of architecture's role in present-day consumer society, architect Antti Ahlava argues that the attempt to study the ever-more individualistic needs of consumers in architecture is a vain act. With an approach based on the theories of French sociologist Jean Baudrillard, Ahlava argues the calls for satisfaction, indivisualisation, personalisation and creativity are actually the very core of a "magical" manipulation and "mythical" control within the socio-economic system of the culture industry.

304p bimap_5 26-12-2012 40 15   Download

10 What Is To Be Undone? The Economics of Competition and Greed In Capitalism and Freedom (University of Chicago Press, 1964) Nobel Laureate and Dean of conservative economists, Milton Friedman, argued that only capitalism can provide economic freedom, allocate resources efficiently, and motivate people successfully.

23p dalatngaymua 30-09-2010 58 13   Download

"It's the animal in us," we often hear when we've been bad. But why not when we're good? Primates and Philosophers tackles this question by exploring the biological foundations of one of humanity's most valued traits: morality. In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our "selfish" genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling the good things we do as "humane.

231p ktct_1669 08-05-2012 73 11   Download

This book challenges the conventional wisdom that natural resource wealth promotes autocracy. Oil and other forms of mineral wealth can promote both authoritarianism and democracy, the book argues, but they do so through different mechanisms; an understanding of these different mechanisms can help elucidate when either the authoritarian or democratic effects of resource wealth will be relatively strong.

351p huetay_1 28-02-2013 35 11   Download

8 Ecosystem principles have broad explanatory power in ecology 8.1 INTRODUCTION The criticism that ecology as a whole lacks universal laws and predictive theory is frequent, and there are authors who even argue that theoretical ecology concerned for instance with fitness and natural selection is not scientific

32p summerflora 27-10-2010 51 9   Download

Standard economic theory argues that international private capital flows will make a major contribution to development to the extent that they will flow from capital-abundant industrialized countries to capital-scarce developing countries, and help to smooth spending throughout the business cycle in capital-recipient countries. In recent years, reality has contradicted both aspects of this standard theory. For the last seven years, developing countries have transferred large amount of resources to developed countries.

36p thuytinh_den 11-07-2010 75 7   Download

Since viewers regularly respond to films emotionally as well as cognitively, it is only natural that a student’s emotional response can occasionally overwhelm their interpretations of a film. As an instructor , I have noticed that those students who describe being bored by a given film often cannot offer much in the way of interpretation of that film during group discussions, and that consequently they often perform poorly when writing about the film.

10p khanhchilam 01-04-2013 34 5   Download

In Better, Faster, Lighter Java, authors Bruce Tate and Justin Gehtland argue that the old heavyweight architectures are unwieldy, complicated, and contribute to slow and buggy application code. As an alternative means for building better applications, the authors present two "lightweight" open source architectures: Hibernate--a persistence framework that does its job with a minimal API and gets out of the way, and Spring--a container that's not invasive, heavy or complicated.

312p bluesky_12 25-12-2012 14 4   Download

Agency theory argues that there are costs associated with the separation of ownership and control in publicly held companies. The agency model proposes that non-executive directors are an effective means of monitoring executive directors and that they are able to change the behaviour of the executive directors so that shareholder interests are pursued (Fama 1980; Fama and Jensen 1983; Hermalin and Weisbach 2003).

114p thamgiacongdong 02-05-2013 19 4   Download