Transport across cell membranes

Part 2 book "Essential cell biology" includes content: Membrane structure, transport across cell membranes, how cells obtain energy from food, energy generation in mitochondria and chloroplasts, intracellular compartments and protein transport, cell signaling, cytoskeleton, the cell division cycle, sexual reproduction and genetics, cell communities: tissues, stem cells and cancer.

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Part 1 book "Molecular cell biology" includes content: Life begins with cells, chemical foundations, protein structure and function, basic molecular genetic mechanisms, biomembranes and cell architecture, integrating cells into tissues, transport of ions and small molecules across cell membranes, cellular energetics, molecular genetic techniques and genomics, molecular structures of genes and chromosomes, transcriptional control of gene expression.

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Part 2 book "Alberts - Essential cell biology" includes content: Membrane structure; transport across cell membranes; how cells obtain energy from food; energy generation in mitochondria and chloroplasts; intracellular compartments and protein transport; cell signaling; cytoskeleton; the cell division cycle chapter 19 sexual reproduction and the power of genetics; cell communities - tissues, stem cells, and cancer

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Gold nanochannels were prepared by plating electrolessly gold within the pores of polycarbonate filter membranes (PCTMs). These PCTMs with cylindrical Au nanotubules of uniform radius and high density can be used as a convenient model system to investigate the mechanism of particle transport through nanotubules. The transport properties of phenol through a modified Au nanotubule membrane were studied.

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Transporter proteins mediate the translocation of substances across the membranes of living cells. Many transport processes are energetically expensive and the cells use 20 to 60% of their energy to power the transportomes. We hypothesized that there may be an evolutionary selection pressure for lower energy transporters.

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Lecture Principles of Biology - Chapter 7: Membranes. After completing this section, you will understand the knowledge about roles of biological membranes, the lipid bilayer and the fluid mosaic model, transport and transfer across cell membranes, specialized contacts (junctions) between cells,...

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Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes and play an important role in different physiological processes in plants. Despite their importance, limited data is available about AQP distribution and function in the economically important oilseed crop peanut, Arachis hypogea (AABB).

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The amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) family represents a class of proteins that transport amino acids across cell membranes. Members of this family are widely distributed in different organisms and participate in processes such as growth and development and the stress response in plants.

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Cancer cell adopts peculiar metabolic strategies aimed to sustain the continuous proliferation in an environment characterized by relevant fluctuations in oxygen and nutrient levels. Monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 can drive such adaptation permitting the transport across plasma membrane of different monocarboxylic acids involved in energy metabolism.

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Long-chain fatty acids are the most abundant fatty acids and are essential for various physiological processes. Translocation of long-chain fatty acids across cell membrane is dependent on transport proteins.

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(BQ) Part 1 of the document BRS Physiology presents the following contents: Cell Physiology, neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology. Invite you to consult.

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(BQ) Part 1 of the document Rapid review physiology presents the following contents: Cell physiology, neurophysiology, endocrine physiology, cardiovascular physiology. Invite you to consult.

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The passage of salt (NaCl) across a plasma membrane is of primary importance to most cells. The chloride ion (Cl–) usually crosses the plasma membrane because it is attracted by positively charged sodium ions (Na+). First sodium ions are pumped across a membrane, and then chloride ions simply diffuse through channels that allow their passage. As noted in Figure 4.2a, the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis results from a faulty chloride channel. Ordinarily, after chloride ions have passed though the membrane, sodium ions (Na+) and water follow.

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Anandamide is an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptor and its protein-mediated transport across cellular membranes has been demonstrated in cells derived from brain as well as in cells of the immune system. This lipid is inactivated via intracellular degradation by a fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH). In the present study, we report that rabbit platelets, in contrast to human platelets, do not possess a carrier-mediated mechanism for the transport of [ 3 H]anandamide into the cell, i.e. cellular uptake was not temperature dependent and its accumulation was not satu-rable. ...

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Transport of solutes and polypeptides across membranes is an essential process for every cell. In the past, much focus has been placed on helical transporters. Recently, the b-barrel-shaped transporters have also attracted some attention. The members of this family are found in the outer bacterial membrane and the outer membrane of endosymbiotically derived organ-elles.

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Over the past several years, the importance of regulated nuclear transport processes for tumor suppressors has become evident. Proteins with a molecular mass greater than 40 kDa can enter the nucleus only by active transport across the nuclear membrane. The most common pathway by which this occurs is via the importin alpha⁄beta pathway, whereby the cargo protein binds importin alpha.

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Parkinson’s disease is characterized by preferential degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons of the brain stem substantia nigra. Imbal-ances between mechanisms governing dopamine transport across the plasma membrane and cellular storage vesicles increase the level of toxic pro-oxidative cytosolic dopamine.

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Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SS) form supramolecular protein complexes that are capable of transporting DNA or protein substrates across the bacterial cell envelope and, in many cases, also across eukaryotic target cell membranes.

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Abnormalities of the Glycolytic Pathway (Fig. 101-1) Since red cells, in the course of their differentiation, have sacrificed not only their nucleus and their ribosomes but also their mitochondria, they rely exclusively on the anaerobic portion of the glycolytic pathway for producing energy in the form of ATP. Most of the ATP is required by the red cell for cation transport against a concentration gradient across the membrane. If this fails, due to a defect of any of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, the result will be hemolytic disease.

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