Upregulation

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling networks by terminating signals produced by active Gα subunits. RGS17, a member of the RZ subfamily of RGS proteins, is typically only expressed in appreciable amounts in the human central nervous system, but previous works have shown that RGS17 expression is selectively upregulated in a number of malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

10p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 13 1   Download

An immuno-homologue of maize Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)dependent protein kinase with a molecular mass of 72 kDa was identified in pea. The pea kinase (PsCCaMK) was upregulated in roots in response to low temperature and increased salinity. Exogenous Ca2+ application increased the kinase level and the response was faster than that obtained following stress application. Low temperaturemediated, but not salinity-mediated stress kinase increase was inhibited by the application of EGTA and W7, a CaM inhibitor....

12p system191 01-06-2013 39 5   Download

Mammalian G1 phase progression is regulated by G1 cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). Cdk4 or cdk6 is associated with D-type cyclins while cdk2 binds to cyclin E or cyclin A to become an independent and essential kinase [1,2]. Cdk3 is another putative G1 cdk, whose cyclin partners have not been identified [3]. In vitro, cdk3 is an active kinase in association with either cyclin E or cyclin A [4,5].

7p system191 01-06-2013 47 4   Download

The effect of a-tocopheryl hemisuccinate (TS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-c (IFN)-induced nitric oxide production in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was examined. The LPS/IFN-induced NO production was enhanced by TS but not by the other a-tocopherol (a-T) derivatives a-tocopheryl acetate (TA) and a-tocopheryl nicotinate (TN), or a-T itself. a-T, TA and TN inhibited the enhancement by TS of LPS/IFNinduced NO production.

6p research12 01-06-2013 39 4   Download

The expression of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme that synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is upregulated by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). We studied the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in regulating ChAT expression in a murine septal cell line. Surprisingly, we found that PD98059 and U0126, two structurally distinct inhibitors of MAPK kinase (MEK1), increased both basal and CNTF-induced ACh production.

9p research12 01-06-2013 30 4   Download

A differential display method was used to study genes the expression of which is altered during growth inhibition induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). A tran-script of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) was upregulated by MPA in estrogen-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Northern-blot analysis showed a progestin-specific primary target gene, which was enhanced by prog-esterone and different progestins, but not by dihydrotestos-terone or dexamethasone, and which was abrogated by antiprogestin RU486....

6p research12 29-04-2013 46 2   Download

The effect of insulin on cancer metastatic potential was studied in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, H7721. Cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lamininaswell as chemotactic cellmigration and invasion were selected as the indices of metastasis-related phenotypes for assessment of metastatic potential ex vivo. The results indicated that insulin enhanced all of these metastasis-related phenotypes.

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 41 4   Download

Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attractedmuch attention because of its ability to kill tumour cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of QGY-7703 cells with the combination of TRAIL and etoposide resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects. In dissecting the mechanism underlying this syner-gistic effect, we found that treatment with etoposide alone resulted in the upregulation of Bax, while the level of trun-catedBid (tBid)wasunchanged.

11p fptmusic 16-04-2013 38 3   Download

Sponges (phylum Porifera) live in a symbiotic relationship with microorganisms, primarily bacteria. Until now, mole-cular proof for the capacity of sponges to recognize fungi in the surroundingaqueousmilieuhas not beenavailable.Here we demonstrate, for the demospongeSuberites domuncula (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida), a cell surface receptor that recognizes (1fi3)-b-D-glucans, e.g. curdlan or laminarin. This receptor, the (1fi3)-b-D-glucan-binding protein, was identified and its cDNA analysed.

14p dell39 03-04-2013 37 5   Download

Cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) is known to activate transcription when its Ser133 is phosphorylated. Two independ-ent investigations have suggested the presence of Ser133-independent acti-vation. One study identified a kinase, salt-inducible kinase (SIK), which repressed CREB; the other isolated a novel CREB-specific coactivator, transducer of regulated CREB activity (TORC), which upregulated CREB activity.

19p dell39 27-03-2013 41 4   Download

Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) within the amyloid-beta (Ab) sequence by the a-secretase prevents the formation of toxic Abpep-tides. It has been shown that the disintegrin-metalloproteinases ADAM10 and TACE (ADAM17) act asa-secretases and stimulate the generation of a soluble neuroprotective fragment of APP, APPsa.

13p dell39 27-03-2013 32 4   Download

The Rho-like GTPase Rac regulates distinct actin cytoskeleton changes required for adhesion, migration and invasion of cells. Tiam1 specifically activates Rac, and Rac has been shown to affect several signaling pathways in a partly cell-type-specific manner. Recently, we demonstrated that Rac activation inhibits Matrigel invasion of human carcinoma cells by tran-scriptional upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.

16p inspiron33 23-03-2013 33 3   Download

Lysophosphatidylcholine induces expression of adhesion molecules; how-ever, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this are not well elucidated. In this study, the intracellular signaling by which lysophosphatidylcholine upregulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin was delineated using YPEN-1 and HEK293T cells.

12p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 33 3   Download

The runt family transcriptional regulator, Runx3, is upregulated during the differentiation of CD8 single-positive thymocytes and is expressed in peri-pheral CD8 + T cells. Mice carrying targeted deletions in Runx3 have severe defects in the development and activation of CD8 + T cells, resulting in decreased CD8 + T-cell numbers, aberrant coexpression of CD4, and failure to expand CD8 + effector cells after activation in vivo orin vitro.

11p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 35 3   Download

This study was undertaken to explore the potential of new therapeutic approaches designed to reactivate cell death pathways in apoptosis-refrac-tory gliomas and to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of this reactivation.

12p media19 06-03-2013 37 3   Download

Coordinated expression and upregulation of interleukin-1a, interleukin-1b, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and epithelial cell derived neutrophil activator-78, with chemoattractant and proinflammatory properties of various cytokine families, were obtained in the intestinal epithelial cell line Int407 upon Vibrio choleraeinfection.

12p media19 04-03-2013 31 5   Download

Although ADAM10 is a majora-secretase involved in non-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein, several additional substrates have been identified, most of them in vitro. Thus, therapeutical approaches for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease by upregulation of this metalloproteinase may have severe side effects.

13p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 29 2   Download

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive ataxia and cardiomyopathy. The cause of the disease is a defect in mitochondrial frataxin, an iron chaperone involved in the maturation of Fe–S cluster proteins.

12p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 31 2   Download

Cellular prion protein (PrP C ), a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein with unclear physiological function, was previous found to be upregulated in adriamycin (ADR)-resistant gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/ADR compared to its parental cell line SGC7901.

10p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 44 2   Download

Induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) helps cells to survive severe hyper-thermal stress and removes toxic unfolded proteins. At the same time, the cap-dependent translation of global cellular mRNA is inhibited, due to the loss of function of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4F complex.

19p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 22 2   Download