“Làng đỏ” trong phong trào xô viết Nghệ - Tĩnh và việc lưu giữ các di tích “làng đỏ” ở Nghệ - Tĩnh

" L A N G D O " TRONG PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE-TINH<br /> <br /> V A V I E C L U U GIUT C A C D l T f C H " L A N G D O " Of N G H E - T I N H<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NG6 DANG TRI*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. CAC "LANG DO" TRONG PHONG sau nhieu hia chon, cuoi cung Ho Chi Minh<br /> TRAO XO V I E T NGHE-TINH da quyet dinh lay mo hinh X6 viet d nUdc<br /> 1.1. Phong trao each mang 1930- Nga, do VI.Lenin thiet l&p, lam mau mUc.<br /> 1931 va X6 viet Nghe-TInh TU sU hia chon do, Ho Chi Minh da gia<br /> nh&p Dang Cong san Phap, truyen ba Chii<br /> Phong trao X6 viet Nghe-TTnh la phong<br /> nghia Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam, lam xua't<br /> trao each mang cua quan chung cong nong<br /> hien phong trao dan toe dan chu theo<br /> hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh thdi ky 1930-<br /> khuynh hudng each mang vo san, d&n tdi<br /> 1931, do Dang Cong san lanh dao, pha tan<br /> sii ra ddi cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam dau<br /> chinh quyen de quoc, phong kien d cd sd,<br /> nam 1930.<br /> thUc hien quyen tu quan cua nhan dan,<br /> thong qua to chac nong hoi (thon bo nong, Nhu vay, nguyen nhan sau xa ciia cao<br /> xa bo nong), quan ly dia phudng theo kieu trao each mang 1930-1931 la stf hia chon<br /> con dUdng each mang vo san cua Ho Chi<br /> chinh quyen X6 viet (hoi dong) o nildc Nga.<br /> Minh va su" chi dao cua Quoc te Cong san.<br /> Nhung lang co chinh quyen X6 viet nhU<br /> Nguyen nhan true tiep la dUdng loi va<br /> vay diicfc goi la "lang do" hay lang X6 viet<br /> phUdng phap dau tranh ciia Dang Cong<br /> Nghe-TInh.<br /> san Viet Nam va sii c&m thu de quoc khi<br /> Su xuat hien cua phong trao each mang<br /> cuoc khdi nghia Yen Bai (2-1930) bi tan sat<br /> 1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh co cac da man va tac dong tieu cUc ciia cuoc<br /> nguyen nhan sau xa va nguyen nhan true khung hoang kinh te tu ban chii nghia the<br /> tiep. gidi cung chinh sach boc lot ciia thiic dan<br /> Trong qua trinh di tim difdng cUii nUdc, Phap, phong kien, lam cho ddi song nhan<br /> cUu dan, thuc chat la di tim mot rao hinh dan Viet Nam cue kho,... Nguyen cd true<br /> nha nude, mot the che chinh tri-kinh te kha tiep la do Dang Cong san chu trUdng to<br /> dl thuc hien dUdc nguyen vong ciia nhan chUc cac cuoc mit tinh, bieu tinh ky niem<br /> dan Viet Nam la doc lap, tu do, hanh phuc, ngay Quoc te Lao dong 1-5-1930 rong khap<br /> <br /> <br /> * PGS.TS. Khoa Lich sit,r<br /> Udng DHKHXH&NV-DHQGHN<br /> 4 ftghien cuu Lich sU. so 2.2011<br /> <br /> de doi quyen dan sinh, dan chu cho nhan cua ke dich d vung nay ciing la mot tac<br /> dan, nhiing cac cuoc mit tinh do bi thUc nhan dUa tdi cuoc dau tranh quyet t i i cua<br /> dan Phap dung vu liic ngan can, khung bo', quan chiing. Hoi du cac nhan td' chung va<br /> dan tdi "tdc midc, vd bd". rieng, cac cudc dau tranh d Nghe-Tinh da<br /> Phong trao mang tinh toan quo'c ro net phat trien manh va nhanh chdng trd thanh<br /> bat ddu tu: ngay ky niem Quoc te Lao dong trung tam, dinh cao ciia phong trao ca<br /> 1-5-1930 vdi sU xuat hien cac cupc mit tinh, nUdc.<br /> tuan hanh bieu diidng liic ludng, sii xuat Nhin chung, phong trao each mang<br /> hien cd do bua liem, rai truyen ddn, dien 1930-1931 cd 3 giai doan: Giai doan md dau<br /> thuyet nhieu ndi, ca thanh thi va nong (tit dau 1930 den cud'i 4-1930); giai doan<br /> thon, trong cong nhan va nong dan, khap cao trao (tu 1-5-1930 den d i u 1931, sdi noi<br /> Bac, Trung, Nam Ky. Khau hieu dau tranh nhat la den cuoi 1930); giai doan thoai trao<br /> khdng chi ddi dan sinh, dan chu cho cong (giua 1931 den cuoi 1931).<br /> nong Viet Nam nhu ddi tang liidng, bdt gid 1.2. Cac "lang do* t r o n g phong trao<br /> lam, giam sUu thue, thi hanh luat lao dong, X o v i e t Nghe-Tinh<br /> chdng khung bo' chinh tri... ma cdn mang Tai Nghe- Tinh, ngay 1-5-1930, theo chii<br /> tinh qudc te, irng ho Lien bang Xd viet, triidng chung, cong nhan nha may Diem,<br /> phan dd'i chien tranh de qudc. Rieng thang nha may Ciia Ben Thuy cung hang ngan<br /> 5-1930 cd tdi 16 cuoc dau tranh cua cdng ndng dan cac vung lan can thi xa Vinh ram<br /> nhan, 34 cuoc cua ndng dan, 4 cuoc cua hoc ro bieu tinh thi uy, mang theo cd do bua<br /> sinh va dan ngheo thanh thi. TH thang 6 liem va cac khau hieu ddi dan sinh dan<br /> den thang 8-1930 ca nude cd 121 cuoc dau chu, ung ho each mang Nga. Thiic dan<br /> tranh, trong dd cd 22 cuoc cua cdng nhan, Phap da cho binh Hnh xa sung vao doan<br /> 95 cuoc cua ndng dan, manh me nhat la bieu tinh lam 7 ngUdi chet, 18 ngiidi bi<br /> vung Nghe - Tinh. thudng, b i t di 100 ngiidi. Cung ngay hdm<br /> Sii xuat hien cua cao trao Xd viet Nghe- dd, 3.000 ndng dan huyen Thanh Chiidng<br /> Tinh, ngoai nhung nguyen nhan chung cdn bieu tinh pha ddn dien Ky Vien, cam cd bua<br /> cd mot sd' yeu to' dia - nhan rieng. Dd la do liem len ndc nha va tich thu ruong da't chia<br /> Nghe-TTnh cd khu cdng nghiep Vinh - Ben cho ndng dan. Quan Phap va Hnh khd' xanh<br /> Thuy vdi sd' liidng cong nhan ddng, phong da keo tdi dan ap, ban chet 18 ngUdi, bi<br /> trao cong nhan phat trien manh. Cac tinh thiidng 30 ngUdi, bat nhieu ngiidi khac. Hai<br /> nay la que hudng cua Phan Boi Chau, Hd tran dung do dau tien do da bao hieu tinh<br /> Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hong Phong, Ha quye't liet cua cac cuoc dau tranh tiep theo.<br /> Huy Tap, Ho Tung Mau, Pham Hong Thai, Trong thang 6 va 7-1930, Nghe - Tinh cd 11<br /> Le Hong Sdn... cd to' chdc Dang Cong san cupc bieu tinh ldn vdi hang van ngiidi tham<br /> phat trien rong khap, cd sii chi dao tnic gia.<br /> tiep cua cac Uy vien Trung udng Dang nhu Ngay 1-8-1930, cdng nhan khu cdng<br /> Nguyln Phong Sac, Nguyln Dric Canh, Le nghiep Vinh- Ben Thuy da cd cuoc td'ng bai<br /> Mao. Vung nay cung cd truyen tho'ng yeu cong nhan ngay Quo'c te chdng chien tranh<br /> nude va each mang sdi nd'i, cuoc sdng cua de' quo'c. Ngay 30-8-1930, ndng dan Nam<br /> nhan dan rat thap do bi ap bifc, bdc lot Dan keo len huyen diia yeu sach, pha nha<br /> nang ne va thien tai trien mien. Sii tan bao lao giai thoat cho nhiing ngUdi bi bat. Ngay<br /> "Lang E6" rrong phong trao 5<br /> <br /> 1-9-1930, nong dan Thanh Chudng bao vay chinh quyen each mang theo hinh thiic X6<br /> va dot tru sd huyen. Ngay 7-9-1930, nong viet.<br /> dan Can Loc bieu tinh len huyen cldi giam Chinh quyen Xd viet da kien quye't tran<br /> thue than, giam to, bo thue cho, thue' do. ap bon phan each mang, bai bd cac thii<br /> Den thang 9-1930, cuoc noi day cua cong thue do de qudc va phong kien dat ra, ddng<br /> nong Nghe - Tinh phat trien tdi dinh cao. thdi thiic hien cac quyen tii do dan chu cho<br /> Quan chiing da bieu tinh thi uy vu trang,<br /> nhan dan, chia lai ruong dat cong cho nong<br /> tien cong vao cd quan chinh quyen dich d<br /> dan, bat dia chu giam td, xda nd, khuyen<br /> dia phUdng.<br /> khich dan hoc chut qudc ngu, bai tru! me tin<br /> De quoc Phap da dung bien phap khung di doan, trdm cUdp,... Cac to' chifc quan<br /> b6' khoe liet de dap tat cuoc noi day cua chung, t i i nhiing hinh thdc thap nhu hoi<br /> cong nong Nghe-Tinh. Ngay 12-9-1930, hdn tudng te, hoi the due, den cac hinh thue cao<br /> 2 van ngudi cl Hung Nguyen (Nghe An), nhu ndng hoi, cdng hdi, hoi phu nii giai<br /> dang tap trung mit tinh hudng dng cuoc phdng, doan thanh nien phan de, hoi hoc<br /> dau tranh cua ndng dan cac huyen va cuoc<br /> sinh, hoi cdu te dd, tu ve do, nha't la nong<br /> bai cdng cua cong nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy,<br /> hoi, deu phat trien ra't manh. Viec tuyen<br /> phan dd'i chinh sach khung bo' cua bon thiic<br /> truyen giao due y thiic chinh t r i cho quan<br /> dan va tay sai da bi may bay cua quan doi<br /> chiing bang hoi nghi, mit tinh, sach bao<br /> Phap den nem bom lam 217 ngiidi chet, 125<br /> each mang dude dac biet chii trong va to<br /> ngiidi bi thiidng. Nhu Ida do them dau,<br /> chiic rong rai...<br /> sudt trong 2 thang 9 va 10-1930, d hau het<br /> cac huyen cua Nghe An - Ha Tinh, nong Hoang sd trudc sU xuat hien cac lang do,<br /> dan da vu trang khdi nghia, keo den pha cac Xd viet cdng ndng va anh hudng cua<br /> huyen ly, nha giam, nha ga xe Ida, cat day Dang Cong san, de qudc Phap da thiic hien<br /> dien tin, pha ddn dien cua bon thiic dan khung bd' trang, ra siic dan ap nhan dan<br /> Phap. Cdng nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy bai cong vdi nhieu thu doan xao quyet va tan bao.<br /> sud't trong 2 thang lien de ung ho phong Hang tram lang xdm bi triet ha, hang ngan<br /> trao ndng dan va phan dd'i chfnh sach nha cda bi dot pha, hang van can bo, dang<br /> khung bd'cua dich. vien cdng san bi ban giet, bi bat tu day, hau<br /> het cac cd quan lanh dao cua Dang bi pha<br /> Cuoc nd'i day cua nhan dan Nghe - Tinh<br /> da lam cho bo may chinh quyen de qudc va vd, cac td chdc quan chiing bi giai tan, cac<br /> phong kien tay sai d nhieu huyen bi te X6 viet bi xda bd. Ben canh sii khung bd'dQ<br /> liet, d nhieu xa bi tan ra. Triidc tinh hinh ddi cua ke dich, sii chi dao dau tranh va<br /> dd, cac td chdc Dang d dia phiidng da lanh chu trUdng xay diing liic lUdng mang tinh<br /> dao quan chiing thiic hien quyen lam chu, "ta" khuynh cua cac cap Dang dia phUdng<br /> tii diing ra quan ly lay ddi sd'ng cua minh, ciing lam cho phong trao gap them nhieu<br /> hinh thanh nen cac 'lang do". Cac ban khd khan.<br /> chap hanh ndng hoi xa (xa bo nong), ndng Sau mot so' cuoc mit tinh ky niem ngay<br /> hdi thdn (thdn bo ndng) da ddng ra quan 1-5-1931, cuoc noi day cua quan chung<br /> ly moi mat ddi song chinh t r i va xa hoi d Nghe - Tinh ndi rieng va ca nUdc Viet Nam<br /> ndng thdn, mac nhien lam nhiem vu. cua ndi chung di vao thdi ky thoai trao.<br /> 6 Rghien ciru Ljeh sd, sd 2.2011<br /> <br /> Tuy mdi thanh lap d mdt sd' lang xa, Viet Nam, day la bao tang chuyen de dat d<br /> thdi gian tdn tai chi khoang 5 thang, dia phUdng diidc thanh lap sdm nhat<br /> nhUng X6 viet Nghe - Tinh da td ro ban (1960), thudc loai ldn nhat, cd nha triing<br /> chat each mang va tinh Uu viet cua no. Do bay va lam viec kha khang trang. Rieng<br /> la mot chinh quyen cua dan, do dan va vi phan triing bay cd 8 phdng, mdi phdng tren<br /> dan, dem lai nhieu ldi ich can ban cho 60m : Phdng 1: Md dau; Phdng 2: Nguyen<br /> 2<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> nhan dan. Cudc ndi day nay da giang mot nhan true tiep bung nd cao trao; Phdng 3:<br /> ddn quyet liet vao chinh quyen de quo'c, Qua trinh van dong thanh lap cac Dang bo<br /> phong kien, ddng thdi chdng td nhan dan Nghe An, Ha Tinh; Phdng 4: Sa ban toan<br /> Viet Nam cd kha nang lat do nen thong t r i canh cao trao X6 viet Nghe Tinh; Phdng 5:<br /> cu. de xay diing mot cuoc song mdi tot dep Cao trao dau tranh tu! thang 5 den thang 9-<br /> cua minh. Cao trao each mang 1930-1931 1930; Phdng 6: Thanh qua cua Xd viet<br /> va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh la cuoc dien tap Nghe Tinh; Phdng 7: Dau tranh chdng<br /> dau tien cua nhan dan Viet Nam dudi sii khung bo' trang; Phdng 8: Y nghia lich sd<br /> lanh dao cua Dang Cong san chuan bi cho cua Xd viet Nghe Tinh.<br /> thang ldi cua Cach mang thang Tam nam Thu hai: Qua cac hdi thao khoa hoc va<br /> 1945 sau nay. cac de tai nghien cUu do Trung Udng va cac<br /> 2. VIEC L U U GILf CAC D I TICH VE tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh thiic hien. Rieng tai<br /> PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE - T I N H Nghe - Tinh da cd cac cudc hdi thao, nhii:<br /> VA CAC "LANG DO" 6 NGHE A N VA Xd viet Nghe Tinh vdi cdch mang thdng<br /> HA T I N H MUdi Nga" (1987), "65 nam, 80 nam Xd viet<br /> Nghe Tinh", "Cong tdc tuyen truyen cua<br /> 2.1. Viec lvru giuf cac ky ufc ve phong Ddng trong phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh",<br /> trao X6 vi¥t Nghe - T i n h "70 nam Xd viet Nghi - Tinh" (2000); Bdc<br /> La mot sii kien ldn cua lich sd Viet Ho vdi que huang Nghe Tinh, "Ky .niem 100,<br /> Nam, "X6 viet Nghe-Tinh" da va dang dUdc 105 nam ngdy sinh Cd Tong Bi thu Trdn<br /> Dang, Nha nUdc Viet Nam quan tam chi Phu" (2009), "Ky niem 100 nam ngdy sinh<br /> dao nghien cuii, hiu giu cac di san vat the Cd Tong Bi thu Le Hong Phong, cdc cudc<br /> va phi v4t the bang nhieu hinh thue phong toa dam ve Pham Hdng Thdi, ve Le Hong<br /> phu: Sctn, ve Ho Tung Mdu, ve Hd Huy Tap, ve<br /> Thu nhdt: Qua nhiing hinh anh, hien Phiing Chi Kien... Trong cac cudc hoi thao,<br /> vat trong Bao tang Cach mang Viet Nam, toa dam dd, lich sd ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh,<br /> Bao tang Hd Chi Minh, Bao tang Lich sd cac lang do d Nghe-Tinh deu dUdc nh&c den<br /> Quan sii Viet Nam, Bao tang X6 viet Nghe nhu la nhfJng sii kien ndi bat, quan trong<br /> - Tinh, Khu Di tich Kim Lien, Khu liiu nhat, dang tii hao nhat.<br /> niem Tong Bi thu Tran Phu, Khu liiu niem<br /> 1<br /> Thu ba: Qua cac an pham true tiep hoae<br /> Tdng Bi thu" Le Hong Phong, Khu liiu niem cd de cap den Xd viet do Nghe - Tinh td<br /> Tdng Bi thii Ha Huy Tap,... chuc bien soan, xuat ban d Trung Udng va<br /> Rieng tai Bao tang X6 viet Nghe - Tinh d dia phUdng. Nhii: "Xd viet Nghe An" (1950),<br /> Thanh phd Vinh (Nghe An) da cd hdn "Dii thdo lich sd Xd viet Nghe An" (1956),<br /> 11.000 t i i lieu, hien v&t, trong do cd hdn "Lich sii Nghe- Tinh" (1984), "Lich suDdng<br /> 3.000 hien vkt gdc. Trong so" 117 bao tang d bd tinh Nghe Tinh" (1987), "Nhung ngUdi<br /> "Lahg B6" trong phong trao. 7<br /> <br /> cdng sdn tren que huong Nghe Tinh" phd' Vinh, Thanh phd' Ha Tinh. Hoae ten<br /> (1987), Nghe Tinh hdm qua vd horn nay, trUdng hoc, nhu Trudng Dang Le Hdng<br /> "Lich su Ddng bo tinh Hd Tinh" (1993), Phong, TrUdng Dang Tran Phu, TrUdng<br /> Lich sit Ha Tinh (2000), Lich sic Ddng bd Trung hoc Phd thong Le Hdng Phong,<br /> tinh Nghe An, Lich sic Ddng bo huyen Nguyln Thi Minh Khai, TrUdng cap 3 Tran<br /> Nghia Ddn, "Lich sic Ddng bd huyen Huong Phu...<br /> Khe",... Ndi chung Lich sii Dang bo va lich ThiC sdu: Qua cac nhac pham, hd, ve, vi<br /> sd dia phUdng hai tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh dam, tac pham van hoc dUdc phd bien,<br /> va lich sd tat ca cac Dang bo d hai tinh deu<br /> trinh dien d Nghe - Tinh va cac dia phUdng,<br /> da dUdc bien soan va xuat ban, tao nen<br /> nhu "Tieng ho tren ddt Nghe An", "Dudng<br /> nguon ky lie co he thong va lau dai ve X6<br /> ve Hd Tinh", "Ngudi con gai Song La", "The<br /> viet Nghe - Tinh noi chung, cac lang do noi<br /> ca Xd viet Nghe Tinh" (1971), "Ngon cd Ben<br /> rieng.<br /> Thuy", "Lang do" (1982), "X6m tha TrUdng<br /> ThiC tU: Qua viec giang day lich sd cho Thi", "Cd gai Sdng Lam",...<br /> hoc sinh phd thong va sinh vien dai hoc ca<br /> ThiC bay: Qua viec cdng n M n , xep hang,<br /> nude noi chung va vung Nghe - Tinh ndi<br /> tdn tao cac di tich b hai tinh Nghe An va<br /> rieng. Nhu" "Cao trao cdch mang 1930-<br /> Ha Tinh cd lien quan den phong trao Xd<br /> 1931 vd Xd viet Nghe Tinh" trong sach<br /> viet, nhu d Nghe An cd Di tich dac biet Kim<br /> giao khoa mon Lich sd Idp 9 va Idp 12;<br /> Lien, di tich Nghia trang liet si 12/9, dinh<br /> "Ddng lanh dao, td chdc cao trao cdch<br /> lang Vd Liet, nha cu Vi Van Khang,... b Ha<br /> mang 1930-1931" trong giao trinh mon<br /> Tinh cd di tich Nga ba Nghen, nha cu Mai<br /> Lich sd Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Ngoai<br /> Kinh, Nha thd Ho Ngd,...<br /> ra, cac trudng dai hoc trong ca nude cd<br /> khoa Lich sd hang nam deu dua sinh vien, 2.2. Viec lUu giuf k y tic ve cac "lang<br /> giao vien den tham quan, nghien ciiu ve do" d Nghe • T i n h<br /> lich sd phong trao Xd viet Nghe - Tinh. Hien nay, theo thdng ke cua Bao tang<br /> Cac trudng phd thdng trong hai tinh Nghe Xd viet Nghe-Tinh va cua hai tinh Nghe An<br /> An va Ha Tinh deu thudng xuyen dua giao va Ha Tinh, tren dia ban hai tinh nay cd<br /> vien, hoc sinh di nghien cdu, tham quan hdn 700 di tich cac loai cd lien quan den<br /> cac di tich, gap gd cac nhan chdng ve Xd phong trao each mang 1930-1931 va Xd viet<br /> viet Nghe-Tinh. Sd nhan chUng la lao Nghe - Tinh dUdc ghi nhan. Trong dd cd<br /> thanh each mang 1930-1931, den nam gan 200 di tich da phe tich, hdn 50 di tich<br /> 2000 d Nghe An cdn lai 27 ngUdi b Ha va dia diem di tich da dUdc Bd Van hda<br /> Tinh cd 18 ngUdi. Thdng tin cap bang cdng nhan di tich lich<br /> Thu nam: Qua viec lay ten Xd viet Nghe sd quo'c gia. Mdt sd' khac dang dUdc nghien<br /> - Tinh, hay ten cac nhan vat lich sd nhu Hd cUu, lap hd sd de xin cdng nhan xep hang di<br /> Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hdng Phong, Ha tich cap qudc gia hoae do tinh quan ly.<br /> Huy Tap, Nguyln Thi Minh Khai, Nguyln Dudi day la 50 di tich cd lUu gid ky dc<br /> Ddc Canh, Le Mao, Nguyen Phong Sic... ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh d cac "lang dd", da<br /> dat ten cho cac phUdng, cac dudng phd'd cac dUdc cap bang cdng nhan di tich lich sd<br /> thanh phd', thi xa trong ca nude va d Thanh quo'c gia.<br /> 8 Rghien cuu Lich stf, so 2.2011<br /> <br /> Bang 1: Cac di tich co lufu giti ky tic ve X6 viet Nghe - Tinh<br /> TT Ten di tich<br /> (thuoc lang "do", Noi dung di tich - Ky iic ve X6 viet Nghe - Tinh<br /> nam cong nhan)<br /> 1 Nghia trang liet si 12/9 (Hiing - Ndi tap trung bieu tinh cua nhan dan Hung Nguyen ngay 12-9-1930,<br /> Thai, Hufng Nguyen, Nghe An, thUc dan Phap hai lan cho may bay nem bom lam chet 217 ngUdi, bi<br /> 1988) thUdng 125 ngucri.<br /> 2 Ngd ba Ben Thuy (Trung Do, - Ndi cong nhan va nong dan Vinh-Ben Thuy mit tinh ky niem ngay<br /> Vinh, Nghe An, 1988) Quoc te lao dong 1-5-1930, tran dung do dau tien cua cong nong Nghe-<br /> 3 Binh Vo Liet Tinh<br /> - Ndivdi<br /> tapdequoc Phap<br /> trung dau thdiciia<br /> tranh kynhan<br /> 1930-1931.<br /> dan trong vung de k6o di bao vay,<br /> (Vo Liet, Thanh Chudng, dap pha huyen dUdng, dien hinh la cupc dau tranh ngay 1-9-1930 vdi<br /> Nghe An, 1988) 20.000 tham gia, ndi lam viec, hoi hop, chia thdc cho dan ngheo cua X6<br /> 4 A^d ba Nghen viet.<br /> - NdiDay<br /> diencung la mot<br /> ra cuoc bieuditinh<br /> san cua<br /> van nhan<br /> hda doc<br /> dandao<br /> CanveLoc<br /> kien truengay<br /> trong nghe01-8-<br /> thuat.<br /> Nghen, Can Loc, Ha Tinh, 1988)1930, buoc Tri huyen Tran Manh Dan phai nhan yeu sach va hoa se<br /> thuc hien cac yeu sach do doan bieu tinh de ra, ndi thuc dan Phap xit<br /> 5 Binh Binh Lie ban<br /> - Ndi42<br /> XUchien si eachkymang<br /> uy Trung to chdctham<br /> ketgia pheng<br /> nap dangtrao<br /> vienX6<br /> Idpviet<br /> dauNghe - Tinh.<br /> tien cua tinh<br /> (Tan Loc, Can Loc, Ha Tinh, Ha Tinh, la cd sd hoat dong cua Dang, la tru sd cua chinh quyen X6 viet<br /> 6 Hieu1988)<br /> Yen Xudn nam<br /> - Ndi1930-1931.<br /> Nguyln Phdng Sic thanh lap Dong Dudng Cong san Dang 6<br /> (Linh Son, Anh Sdn, Nghe An, Nghe An, ndi may cd Dang phuc vu cho cac cuoc dau tranh thdi ky<br /> 7 Noi mit1988)<br /> tinh •ky niem -1930-1931.<br /> Ndi ngay 7-11-1930 da to chuc cuoc mit tinh ky niem lan thu 13 Cach<br /> cdch mang Nga mang thang Mudi Nga, cd hang ngan nhan dan cac tong thuoc phu<br /> (Dien Ngoc, Dien Chau, Dien Chau tham gia, bi thuc dan Phap dan ap, ban chet tren 40 ngUdi.<br /> 8 NgheLuong<br /> Binh An, 1990)<br /> Sdn - La ndi mit tinh, bitiu tinh, cam cd Dang va to chute dau tranh lay lua<br /> (Bac Sdn, Do Liidng, ciia nha giau chia cho dan ngheo, ndi hoc chii Qudc ngii, la tru sd lam<br /> Nghe An, 1990) viec cua chinh quyen X6 viet, ndi thUc dan Phap xu" ban 8 chien si cong<br /> 9 Bi tich Trdng Ke -san<br /> LatrUdc ciia cd<br /> dia diem dinh.<br /> phong trao dau tranh each mang manh thdi ky 1930-<br /> (My Thanh, Yen Thanh, 1931, ndi thUc dan Phap md trUdng ban de xit ban 72 chien si tham gia<br /> 10 Nghe<br /> BinhAn, 1990)<br /> T ung<br /> r phong trao mit<br /> - Dia diem X6 viet<br /> tinh,Nghe Tinh.dien thuyet va hoi hop, tieu bieu la cuoc<br /> bieu tinh,<br /> (Hung Dung, Vinh, Nghe An, tap trung liic litdng cdng nhan ndng dan Vinh va cac lang lan can bieu<br /> 11 Bdm1990)<br /> Mu Nuoi tinh<br /> - Ndingay 1-5-1930;<br /> Phuyen Phongtrusd lam viecDcua<br /> Sac, Nguyen Cfc chinh<br /> Canh quyen X6 ddng<br /> cung cac viet 1930-1931.<br /> chi trong Xu<br /> (Hung Dung, Vinh, uy Trung ky hop ban viec da'u tranh, dia diem thanh lap Chi bo dang,<br /> Nghe An, 1990) ndi Dang hop ban chuan bi cho cuoc dau tranh ngay 1-5-1930, ndi to<br /> 12 Cdy Sanh chua Nia chuc<br /> • Diale Te treo<br /> diem Congcdsan.<br /> Dang, la ndi tap trung tu ve de tap luyen phong trao<br /> (Hung Dung, Vinh, Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, dia diem hop bi mat ciia Dang.<br /> 13 NhdNghe<br /> ong An, 1990)HSu<br /> Nguyen - Cd quan an loat ciia Xii uy Trung ky, ndi in truyen ddn, tai lieu cua<br /> Bien (Hiing Dung, Dang thdi ky X6 viet Nghe-Tinh.<br /> 14 Vinh, NgAn, 1990)<br /> Nhd ong Nguyen Si Huyen - Cd sd lam viec cua dong chi Nguyen Phong Sac, Nguyen Due Canh,<br /> (Hiing Dung, Vinh, Xii uy Trung ky va Tinh uy Vinh-Ben Thuy.<br /> 15 Nghe An, 1990)<br /> Nhd dng Le Mai - Cd sd hoat dong cua XU uy Trung ky va Tinh uy Vinh-Ben Thiiy tit<br /> (Hiing Dung, Vinh, nam 1929 den nam 1931.<br /> 16 NghecuAn,<br /> Nhd Mai1990)<br /> Kinh - Cd sd hoat dong cua Dang thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi hoi hop thanh lap<br /> Thach Viet, Thach Ha, Ha Tinh, Tinh Dang bo Ha Tinh dau nam 1930.<br /> 17 Binh 1990)<br /> lang Tie My - Ndi treo cd Dang, tap trung nhan dan da'u tranh, tieu bieu la cuoc da'u<br /> Sdn Chau, Hiidng Sdn, Ha Tinh, tranh ngay 19/9/1930 do dong chi Ho Hao lanh dao, pha kho thdc cua<br /> 1990) nha giau chia cho dan ngheo, ndi lam viec cua chinh quyen Xd viet.<br /> "Lang Bo" trong phong lrao. 9<br /> <br /> 18 Nhd dong chi • Nha Ha Huy Tap (Tong Bi thu ciia Dang 1936-1938), cd sd hoat ddng<br /> Hd Huy Tap cua Dang trong phong trao Xd viet Nghe - Tinh 1930-1931.<br /> Cam Hung, Cam Xuyen, Ha Tinh,<br /> 19 1990)Quynh Boi<br /> Dinh lang • Ndi mit tinh treo cd Dang, tru sd ciia Xd viet xa, ndi thiic dan Phap<br /> (Quynh Doi, Quynh Liiu, tra tan, xii ban 9 chien si tham gia phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh.<br /> Nghe An, 1991)<br /> 20 Mieu Bien Sdn (Hau Loc, Can Loc,- Ndi lien lac, hop ban bi mat va ca't da'u tai lieu cua Dang trong thdi<br /> Ha Tinh, 1991) kyXdviet 1930-1931.<br /> 21 Nhd ong Hodng Vien (Hiing Chau, - Cd sd cua Xii uy Trung Ky trdng thdi gian dich khung bd' trang, noi<br /> Hung Nguyen, Nghe Ah, 1991) lam viec cua Nguyln Phong Sic, Nguyln Due Canh va nhieu can bo<br /> 22 Dinh Tdm Mdi -khac<br /> Ndi thdi<br /> lam ky<br /> viec1930-1931.<br /> cua chinh quyen Xd viet dia phiidng, ndi tap trung da'u<br /> (Quynh Thuan, Quynh tranh cua diem dan lam mud'i Quynh Liiu, dien hinh la cudc da'u<br /> 23 Liiu,Binh<br /> Nghe An, An<br /> Long 1992) tranh<br /> - Ndi ngay 20-6-1930.<br /> phat hieu lenh dau tranh cua nhan dan phia bac phii Dien Chau<br /> (Diln TrUdng, Dien nam 1930-1931, ndi tap trung quan chiing mit tinh, bieu tinh trtfdc<br /> Chau, Nghe An, 1992) khi keo vao phu Dien Chau da'u tranh, dia diem lam viec ciia X5 Bd<br /> 24 Nhd thd ho Udng -ndng.<br /> Dia diem lam viec cua Xii liy Trung ky va Tinh uy Vinh - Ben Thiiy<br /> (Hiing Loc, Vinh, thdi ky 1930-1931.<br /> 25 Nghe An,<br /> Chua Chdn1992)<br /> Tien - Ndi cac to chute each mang ciia Dang da chon lam dia ban hoat ddng,<br /> (Thinh Loc, Can Loc, hdi hop trong cao trao Xd viet 1930-1931.<br /> 26 HaBen<br /> Tinh,<br /> Bd 1992)'<br /> Ddi - Ndi cac ddng chi lanh dao cua Tinh liy Ha Tinh nhu TrSn Huu<br /> (Dau Lieu, Can Loc, Thieu, Hoang Lac,... hdi hop, cat da'u tai lieu cua Dang trong cao trao<br /> 27 VTid thd Ha<br /> ho Tinh,<br /> Hodng 1992)' Xd<br /> Vdn (Nghi Tan, vietsdNghe<br /> - Tru - Tinh.uy Nghi Loc, ndi an, d, hoi hop cua can bd Dang,<br /> cua Huyen<br /> Ciia Ld, noi in truyen ddn tai lieu cho Dang thdi ky Xd viet Nghe Tinh<br /> 28 Nghe An, 1993)<br /> Nhd thd ho Pham - Cd sd hoat ddng cua to chuc yeu ntfdc, each mang va ciia nhieu can<br /> (Hung Nhan bo Xu uy Trung Ky, Tinh uy Vinh- Ben Thiiy thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi<br /> Hiing Nguyen, thd liet si Pham Hdng Thai (ngtfdi da miiu giet Toan quyen Ddng<br /> 29 Nghe An, 1994)<br /> Dinh Phu Nhudn Dudng, 6-1924).<br /> - Dia diem tap trung dau tranh, treo cd Dang, tap trung thdc chia cho<br /> (Dang Sdn, Dd Liidng, Nghe An, dan, ndi hoc chii Qudc ngii va la tru sd lam viec ciia Xa Bd ndng trong<br /> 30 Nhd thd ho1994)<br /> Hodng Trdn (Dang-phong trao uy<br /> Ndi Tinh XoNghe<br /> viet Nghe - Tinh.<br /> An lam viec thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi thd liet sy<br /> Sdn, Dd Ludng, Nghe An, 1994) Hoang Tran Tham (Tinh liy vien) hy sinh trong phong trao Xo viet.<br /> 31 Nhd cu Vi Van Khang (Mdn Sdn,- Ndi cudi nam 1930 dau 1931, Tinh uy Nghe An da len xay diing cd<br /> Con Cudng, Nghe An, 1994) sd tranh dich, ndi thang 3-1931, Tinh liy da cd cudc hop thanh lap chi<br /> 32 Binh Lien Tri bd mien<br /> - Ndi tap nui daunhan<br /> trung tien ddan<br /> Nghe<br /> da'u -tranh<br /> Tinh.mit tinh bieu tinh, cam cd trong<br /> (Lien Thanh, Yen Thanh, Nghe thdi ky Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, ndi lam viec ciia chinh quyen Xd viet<br /> 33 NhdAn,1995)<br /> thd ho Hoang nam<br /> - Cd 1930-1931.<br /> sd hoat dong cua Xii uy Trung ky va Tinh uy lam thdi Vinh-Ben<br /> (Loc Da, Vinh, Thiiy. Dong chi Hoang Trong Tri, toe trudng ho Hoang, Bi thii Chi bd<br /> 34 Nghe<br /> BenAn, 1995)<br /> Tria la ngiidi<br /> - Dia camnhan<br /> diem cd didan<br /> dau Hiing<br /> trong Loc<br /> cuoctap<br /> bieu tinh mft<br /> trung ngaytinh,<br /> 1-5-1930.<br /> bieu tinh va to<br /> (Hiing Loc, Vinh, ehiic truy dieu cac chien si cong san hy sinh ngay 11-12-1930 trong<br /> 35 Nghethd<br /> Ben An,Bite<br /> 1995)<br /> hdu phong trao each<br /> - Ndi thanh mang<br /> lap Chi 1930-1931.<br /> bo Dang thii hai d Hudng Khe, ndi dat cd quan an<br /> Ngd Bang Minh loat ciia Tinh uy Ha Tinh, tru sd ciia Xa bo ndng nam 1930-1931, ndi<br /> (Ha Linh, Hudng Khe, thanh lap Dang bd huyen Hiidng Khe (la di tich van hda, ndi thd Ngd<br /> Ha Tinh, 1996) Dang Minh, chau ndi The quan cdng Ngd Canh Hutu, diidc phong Hau<br /> 36 Din Thiidng -nam<br /> Ndi1682,<br /> mit tinh,<br /> thdi tru<br /> Le sd<br /> Hylam<br /> Tong).<br /> viec ciia Xo viet, la trung tam dau tranh cua<br /> (Quynh Nghia, Quynh cac tong d Bai Ngang (Quynh Liiu).<br /> Liiu, Nghe An, 1996)<br /> 10 Hghien ciru Ljeh stir, so 2.2011<br /> <br /> 37 Ben PhUdng Cudng - Cd sd cua Xii iiy Trung Ky va Huyen uy Nghi Loc thdi ky 1930-1931,<br /> (Nghi Phong, Nghi Loc, Nghe ndi in truyen ddn, bao chi cua Dang, dia diem hoat dong cua Nguyen<br /> An, 1996) Phong Sac, Nguyen Due Canh,...<br /> 38 Ben Phdp Bd - Dia diem tap trung da'u tranh cua nhan dan Dien Chau tren true<br /> (Dien Thang, Dien Chau, Nghe dudng so 7, cd so hoat dong cua Dang trong thdi ky Xo viet.<br /> 39 Nhd thd hoAn,Nguyin<br /> 1997) Sy (Thanh<br /> - Ndi hoat dong cua Dang, ndi tap trung da'u tranh, tru sd lam viec cua<br /> Ludng, Thanh Chudng, NAn, Xo viet xa thdi ky 1930-1931.<br /> 40 Nhd thd hq1997)<br /> Phan Mac (Hoa - Cd sd hoat dong cua to chiic yeu nude va each mang t£f 1928 den 1931,<br /> Thanh, Yen Thanh.Nghe An, ndi hinh thanh tu tudng yeu nUdc va each mang ciia Phan Dang Liiu,<br /> 41 1997)Con Md<br /> Bia diem Uy<br /> - Ndivien<br /> hdiTrung Udng<br /> hop ciia XiiDang.<br /> uy Trung ky va Tinh iiy Vinh- Ben Thiiy, ndi tap<br /> (Ben Thuy, Vinh, trung nhan dan dau tranh va dung dlu lich si giua quan chiing each<br /> 42 Nghe<br /> Binh An,<br /> Chd1997)<br /> Xam -mang va kecddich<br /> Ndi treo trong<br /> Dang, hdicudc<br /> hop,dau<br /> cd sdtranh<br /> lam ngay 1-5-1930.<br /> viec cua chinh quyen Xd viet. Tai<br /> (Nghi Hoa, Nghi Loc, day dich da xu ban 19 chien si each mang tham gia phong trao 1930-<br /> 43 Nghe An, 1998)<br /> Bin Chinh Vi -1931.'<br /> Ndi ngay 2-1-1931 nhan dan da tap trung da'u tranh giet tri huyen<br /> (Nghi Xuan, Nghi Loc, Tdn That Hoan, ndi thiic dan Phap xii bin 22 chien si each mang trong<br /> Ngh? An, 1998) dd cd Nguyen Phong Sic, Thudng vu Trung Udng Dang, Bi thii xu uy<br /> 44 Nha thd hq Nguyen Duy Trung Ky, ngUdi<br /> - Ndi Tinh lanhAn<br /> iiy Nghe daodaphong<br /> chon trao<br /> lam Xo<br /> mdtviet<br /> dia Nghe - Tinh<br /> diem de 1930-1931.<br /> lam viec va chi<br /> (Thanh Phong, Thanh Chuong, dao dau tranh khi phong trao Xo viet d dinh cao va liic bi dich khung bd'<br /> 45 Nghethd<br /> Nhd An^l998)<br /> dong chi -trang.<br /> Ndi Nguyen Sy Sach, Bi thu ky bd Viet Nam each mang Thanh nien<br /> Nguyen Sy Sdeh Trung ky soan thao cac van ban, xiic tien tap hop cac to chute chuan bi<br /> (Thanh Liidng, Thanh ChUdng, cho sii ra ddi ciia Dang, day cung la ndi thd phung, hUdng khdi liet si<br /> 46 NhdNghe<br /> thdAn,<br /> hq 1998)<br /> Thdi Bdc -Nguyen STuy<br /> Ndi Tinh Sach<br /> Nghe An chon lam cd sd hoi hop, lien lac ciia Dang trong<br /> (Bai Sdn, Do Liidng, thdi ky Xd viet Nghe-Tinh 1930-1931.<br /> 47 Nghe<br /> Den An,<br /> Tdn1998)<br /> Sdn - Ndi gap gd ciia cac thanh nien yeu nUdc triidc khi xuat diidng, nhtf<br /> (Xuan Hoa, Nam Dan, Nghe An, Phan Boi Chau, Le Hong Sdn, Ho Tung Mau, Truong Van Linh, cd sd<br /> 48 Mq1998)<br /> ddng chi -cua<br /> MdDang thdiHdng<br /> ciia Le ky 1930-1931.<br /> Sdn, mot trong nhiing ngUdi tham gia miiu sat toan<br /> Le Hong Sdn quyen Ddng Dudng - Meclanh, ndi Le Hong Sdn bi thiic dan Phap xii<br /> (Xuan Hoa, Nam Dan, Nghe An, ban.<br /> 49 Nhd thd hq1998)<br /> Ho Cu An (Quynh - Cd sd lam viec, treo cd Dang, in truyen ddn, tai lieu cua Dang trong<br /> Doi, Quynh Luu, Nghe An, 2000) cac thdi ky 1925, 1930-1931, ndi thd Nguyln Thi Thao, vd liet si Ho<br /> 50 Nhd thd cu Tung<br /> - Nha Mau.<br /> ddng chi Hd Tung Mau la cd sd an, d, lam viec cua nhieu the he<br /> Hd Tung Mdu yeu nUdc va each mang, ndi lam viec cua Xd viet dia phiidng, ndi an<br /> (Quynh Doi, Quynh Liiu, Nghe tang ciia Ho Tung Mau, chien sT tien boi each mang, tham gia thanh<br /> An, 2000) lap Dang,...<br /> Qua bang thdng ke va thiic te'eae di tich diem), song nhiing ndi cdn liiu gidi diidc ky<br /> neu tren, cd the neu len may nhan xet: de ve Xd viet hien tai chu yeu la d cac lang<br /> Thu nhdt: Sd' di tich ve Xd viet Nghe "dd", ndi cd phong trao Xd viet, cd Xa bd<br /> Tinh da xep hang la kha nhieu, den nam ndng, Thdn bo ndng ra ddi va hoat ddng,<br /> 2000 cd tren 50 diem. Trong sd' 50 di tich ve gan lien vdi cac dinh, chua, nha thd, nha ca<br /> Xd viet dvfeic xep hang, Nghe An chiem nhan. Cu the, phan theo loai kien true, cd<br /> phan ldn, tdi 41/50 di tich (80%). Dieu do 13 di tich la nha thd ho, 11 di tich la dinh,<br /> phu hdp vdi thiic te phong trao d Nghe An 9 di tich la mo, nghia trang, vat the tti<br /> phat trien manh hdn d Ha Tinh. nhien ngoai trdi, 8 di tich la den thd, 7 di<br /> Thd hai: Dau tich ve Xd viet Nghe - tich la nha d, 1 di tich la chua, 1 di tich la<br /> Tinh cd khap moi ndi d Nghe-Tinh (700 dia hieu budn. Nhiing di tich bi mai mot chu<br /> "Lang Bd" trong phong trao. 11<br /> <br /> yeu la do chien tranh va sii chuyen bien ve khi hau khac nghiet, nen nhieu di tich hien<br /> kinh te - xa hoi noi chung, hoae do khong dang bi xuo'ng cap nghiem trong, nhat la<br /> gan vdi mot di tich van hoa, lich sii khac. cac di tich khdng gan vdi mot di tich van<br /> Thu ba: So' di tich dUdc cong nhan deu hoa, lich sd cu the nao khac, it cd le hoi va<br /> thuoc thdi ky tu! 1988 ve sau, tdc la thdi ky khach den tham quan. Cd sd vat chat, so'<br /> doi mdi d Viet Nam, chiing to trong doi mdi, hien vat va sii triing bay ve cac lang do d<br /> Dang, Nha nUdc rat chu trong viec liiu giu" Bao tang Xd viet Nghe - Tinh (Vinh) du da<br /> nhiing ky lie ve each mang noi chung, ve Xo cd' gang, song cung cdn rat khiem ton so vdi<br /> viet Nghe-Tinh, den viec giao due truyen thiic te lich sd.<br /> thong yeu nUdc each mang trong do co giao Thu sdu: Tai cac "lang dd" ndi rieng, ca<br /> due ve Xo viet Nghe - Tinh noi rieng. vung Nghe Tinh ndi chung, ky lie ve phong<br /> Nhiing di tich con giQ diidc thudng gan vdi trao Xd viet khdng chi tdn tai d cac di tich<br /> nhiing vung hien co kinh te, van hoa kha vat the, ma cdn tdn tai d cac di san phi vat<br /> phat trien, gan cac dUdng giao thong, tai the (thd ca, hd, ve, tudng, kich,...), song nd<br /> cac trung tam kinh te, van hoa ciia dia ciing dang bi mai mot di nhanh chdng ciing<br /> phitdng; la ndi trudc va sau phong trao Xo vdi sii it dan cua Idp ngiidi tudi 80-90. Vi<br /> viet cung nhii hien tai deu co phong trao vay, can chii y siiu tam, hiu giii nhiing ky<br /> yeu nUdc va each mang cua nhan dan kha lie do de bd sung va lam phong phu cho biic<br /> cao. tranh toan canh vdn cd cua sii kien Xd viet<br /> Thu tU: Sii ton tai ciia cac di tich chu va cac lang do Nghe Tinh.<br /> yeu la do dong gop cong sdc, tien cua cua Nhin chung, cao trao each mang 1930-<br /> nhan dan dia phUdng, mot phan do kinh 1931 va Xd viet Nghe - Tinh la mot sii kien<br /> phi ciia Nha nUdc trung lidng cap, con ciia ldn cua lich sd Dang Cdng san va each<br /> tinh, huyen la khong dang ke. 0 Nghe An, mang Viet Nam. Viec liiu gidt cac ky lie ve<br /> tii nam 1990 den 2000, chi co 25/35 di tich su kien dd, nhat la ve cac "lang do", da va<br /> 1<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> da xep hang diidc Trung lidng cap kinh phi dang dUdc Dang, Nha nude Viet Nam va<br /> chong xuo'ng cap, binh quan moi di tich cac Dang bd, chinh quyen hai tinh Nghe An<br /> khoang 20 trieu dong, cao nhat la 60 trieu, va Ha Tinh thudng xuyen quan tam. Gia<br /> trong khi do, chi rieng sii dong gop cua tri lich sd cua phong trao Xd viet Nghe -<br /> nhan dan cho 2 di tich Den Thiidng (Quynh Tinh ndi chung, ve cac lang dd ndi rieng rat<br /> Liiu) va Den Chinh Vi (Nghi Loc) da len tdi can dUdc nghien cUu, hiu giU, phat huy tdt<br /> tren 200 trieu ddng. hdn nUa, nham phuc vu cdng tac giao due<br /> Thu nam: Mac du da diidc td chiic Dang, tuyen thdng yeu nUdc va each mang cho<br /> chinh quyen sd tai quan tam, nhan dan cd nhan dan, phuc vu sii nghiep ddi mdi, hdi<br /> y thiic tdn trong, gdp cdng siic bao ve, tu nhap qudc te, phat trien dat nUdc ben vung<br /> siia, song do thieu kinh phi va dieu kien hien nay va lau dai ve sau.<br />